http://www.tuicool.com/articles/JBZNBzJ

尽管现在有了wheel这类更为“先进”的包装方式，但无可否认的是egg包+easy_install方式是最为热门的Python扩展包安装方式。何况python的意思是“蝰蛇”，蛇的繁殖方式当然应该是蛋(egg)咯！这些天恰巧我正在制作一系列的Python扩展，这里就简单说说如何制作一个自己的egg包。

首先一个问题是“Python的package是如何定义的？”这个似乎是面试Python程序员最常出现的题目。简而言之，在目录下放置一个__init__.py文件，这个目录就会成为一个package。

首先是制作一个干净的目录用于打包，本例中就简单粗暴的定义为~/project目录，要打包的package就命名为spawn-egg (注：这里只是用来Demo的名字，命名方式并不适合所有的python环境) 。目录结构如下：

ilab@iLab-Dev:~/project$ find ./

./

./spawn-egg

./spawn-egg/Base.pyc

./spawn-egg/hello.py

./spawn-egg/Base.py

./spawn-egg/__init__.py

然后就是制作一个setup.py脚本，与其说是脚本，这个文件更像是一个配置文件。

vi ~/project/setup.py

from setuptools import setup, find_packages

setup(

name = "spawn-egg",

version="0.1.0",

packages = find_packages(),

description = "test how to make eggs",

author = "Litrin J.",

author_email = "XXX@gmail.com",

license = "GPL",

keywords = ("test", "python"),

platforms = "Independant",

url = "",

)

就是一个setup函数，入参真心不少，好在字面上很容易理解它的用途，总结起来就这几个比较常用：

name：就是名字了

version：版本号

packages：包含的package，setuptools自带了一个find_packages()工具可以自动从name同名的folder下找到package。

description：对于这个包的描述，如果描述内容很长，可以把这里当成摘要，更详细的内容使用long_description参数

author/author_email：作者和邮箱

keywords：关键字，便于发布到pip上，用于搜索。

更详细的解释 请见

准备打包环境。打包环境需要setuptools，对于Ubuntu用户来说，直接

apt-get install python-setuptools

生成egg，激动人心的时刻来了！

ilab@iLab-Dev:~/project$ python setup.py bdist_egg

running bdist_egg

running egg_info

creating spawn_egg.egg-info

writing spawn_egg.egg-info/PKG-INFO

writing top-level names to spawn_egg.egg-info/top_level.txt

writing dependency_links to spawn_egg.egg-info/dependency_links.txt

writing manifest file 'spawn_egg.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'

reading manifest file 'spawn_egg.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'

writing manifest file 'spawn_egg.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'

installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg

running install_lib

running build_py

creating build

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg

copying spawn-egg/hello.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg

copying spawn-egg/Base.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg

copying spawn-egg/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg

creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64

creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg

creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg

copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg/hello.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg

copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg/Base.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg

copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/spawn-egg/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg

byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg/hello.py to hello.pyc

byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg/Base.py to Base.pyc

byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/spawn-egg/__init__.py to __init__.pyc

creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO

copying spawn_egg.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO

copying spawn_egg.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO

copying spawn_egg.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO

copying spawn_egg.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO

zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...

creating dist

creating 'dist/spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it

removing 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it)

OK，egg文件已经在dist文件夹下生成好了，其实就是一个zip文件包，可以简单地用unzip命令check一下！

ilab@iLab-Dev:~/project/dist$ unzip -l spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg

Archive: spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg

Length Date Time Name

--------- ---------- ----- ----

474 2015-06-10 15:31 spawn-egg/Base.pyc

429 2015-06-10 15:31 spawn-egg/hello.pyc

102 2015-06-10 15:04 spawn-egg/hello.py

137 2015-06-10 15:31 spawn-egg/__init__.pyc

44 2015-06-10 15:04 spawn-egg/Base.py

0 2015-06-10 15:02 spawn-egg/__init__.py

10 2015-06-10 15:31 EGG-INFO/top_level.txt

199 2015-06-10 15:31 EGG-INFO/SOURCES.txt

227 2015-06-10 15:31 EGG-INFO/PKG-INFO

1 2015-06-10 15:31 EGG-INFO/dependency_links.txt

1 2015-06-10 15:31 EGG-INFO/zip-safe

--------- -------

1624 11 files

尝试安装一下

ilab@iLab-Dev:~/project/dist$ sudo easy_install spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg

[sudo] password for ilab:

Processing spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg

creating /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg

Extracting spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

Adding spawn-egg 0.1.0 to easy-install.pth file

Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/spawn_egg-0.1.0-py2.7.egg

Processing dependencies for spawn-egg==0.1.0

Finished processing dependencies for spawn-egg==0.1.0

没有报错！这个时候/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/就是您安装好的python包，你可以在这里删除/修改您的安装包。