2.CreateWindowEx
原文:
HWND CreateWindowEx(
DWORD
dwExStyle
,
// extended window style
LPCTSTR
lpClassName
,
// pointer to registered class name
LPCTSTR
lpWindowName
,
// pointer to window name
DWORD
dwStyle
,
// window style
int
x
,
// horizontal position of window
int
y
,
// vertical position of window
int
nWidth
,
// window width
int
nHeight
,
// window height
HWND
hWndParent
,
// handle to parent or owner window
HMENU
hMenu
,
// handle to menu, or child-window identifier
HINSTANCE
hInstance
,
// handle to application instance
LPVOID
lpParam
// pointer to window-creation data
);
Style
|
Meaning
|
WS_EX_ACCEPTFILES
|
Specifies that a window created with this style accepts drag-drop files.
|
WS_EX_APPWINDOW
|
Forces a top-level window onto the taskbar when the window is visible.
|
WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE
|
Specifies that a window has a border with a sunken edge.
|
WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP
|
Includes a question mark in the title bar of the window. When the user clicks the question mark, the cursor changes to a question mark with a pointer. If the user then clicks a child window,the child receives a WM_HELP message. The child window should pass the message to the parent window procedure, which should call the WinHelp function using the HELP_WM_HELP command. The Help application displays a pop-up window that typically contains help for the child window.
WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP cannot be used with the WS_MAXIMIZEBOX or WS_MINIMIZEBOX styles.
|
WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT
|
Allows the user to navigate among the child windows of the window by using the tab key.
|
WS_EX_DLGMODALFRAME
|
Creates a window that has a double border; the window can, optionally, be created with a title bar by specifying the WS_CAPTION style in the dwStyle parameter.
|
WS_EX_LEFT
|
Window has generic "left-aligned" properties. This is the default.
|
WS_EX_LEFTSCROLLBAR
|
If the shell language is Hebrew, Arabic, or another language that supports reading order alignment, the vertical scroll bar (if present) is to the left of the client area. For other languages, the style is ignored and not treated as an error.
|
WS_EX_LTRREADING
|
The window text is displayed using Left to Right reading-order properties. This is the default.
|
WS_EX_MDICHILD
|
Creates an MDI child window.
|
WS_EX_NOPARENTNOTIFY
|
Specifies that a child window created with this style does not send the WM_PARENTNOTIFY message to its parent window when it is created or destroyed.
|
WS_EX_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW
|
Combines the WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE and WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE styles.
|
WS_EX_PALETTEWINDOW
|
Combines the WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE, WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW, and WS_EX_TOPMOST styles.
|
WS_EX_RIGHT
|
The window has generic "right-aligned" properties. This depends on the window class. This style has an effect only if the shell language is Hebrew, Arabic, or another language that supports reading order alignment; otherwise, the style is ignored and not treated as an error.
|
WS_EX_RIGHTSCROLLBAR
|
Vertical scroll bar (if present) is to the right of the client area. This is the default.
|
WS_EX_RTLREADING
|
If the shell language is Hebrew, Arabic, or another language that supports reading order alignment, the window text is displayed using Right to Left reading-order properties. For other languages, the style is ignored and not treated as an error.
|
WS_EX_STATICEDGE
|
Creates a window with a three-dimensional border style intended to be used for items that do not accept user input.
|
WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW
|
Creates a tool window; that is, a window intended to be used as a floating toolbar. A tool window has a title bar that is shorter than a normal title bar, and the window title is drawn using a smaller font. A tool window does not appear in the taskbar or in the dialog that appears when the user presses alt+tab. If a tool window has a system menu, its icon is not displayed on the title bar. However, you can display the system menu by right-clicking or by typing alt+space.
|
WS_EX_TOPMOST
|
Specifies that a window created with this style should be placed above all non-topmost windows and should stay above them, even when the window is deactivated. To add or remove this style, use the SetWindowPos function.
|
WS_EX_TRANSPARENT
|
Specifies that a window created with this style should not be painted until siblings beneath the window (that were created by the same thread) have been painted. The window appears transparent because the bits of underlying sibling windows have already been painted.
To achieve transparency without these restrictions, use the SetWindowRgn function.
|
WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE
|
Specifies that a window has a border with a raised edge.
|
Style
|
Meaning
|
WS_BORDER
|
Creates a window that has a thin-line border.
|
WS_CAPTION
|
Creates a window that has a title bar (includes the WS_BORDER style).
|
WS_CHILD
|
Creates a child window. This style cannot be used with the WS_POPUP style.
|
WS_CHILDWINDOW
|
Same as the WS_CHILD style.
|
WS_CLIPCHILDREN
|
Excludes the area occupied by child windows when drawing occurs within the parent window. This style is used when creating the parent window.
|
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS
|
Clips child windows relative to each other; that is, when a particular child window receives a WM_PAINT message, the WS_CLIPSIBLINGS style clips all other overlapping child windows out of the region of the child window to be updated. If WS_CLIPSIBLINGS is not specified and child windows overlap, it is possible, when drawing within the client area of a child window, to draw within the client area of a neighboring child window.
|
WS_DISABLED
|
Creates a window that is initially disabled. A disabled window cannot receive input from the user.
|
WS_DLGFRAME
|
Creates a window that has a border of a style typically used with dialog boxes. A window with this style cannot have a title bar.
|
WS_GROUP
|
Specifies the first control of a group of controls. The group consists of this first control and all controls defined after it, up to the next control with the WS_GROUP style. The first control in each group usually has the WS_TABSTOP style so that the user can move from group to group. The user can subsequently change the keyboard focus from one control in the group to the next control in the group by using the direction keys.
|
WS_HSCROLL
|
Creates a window that has a horizontal scroll bar.
|
WS_ICONIC
|
Creates a window that is initially minimized. Same as the WS_MINIMIZE style.
|
WS_MAXIMIZE
|
Creates a window that is initially maximized.
|
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX
|
Creates a window that has a Maximize button. Cannot be combined with the WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP style. The WS_SYSMENU style must also be specified.
|
WS_MINIMIZE
|
Creates a window that is initially minimized. Same as the WS_ICONIC style.
|
WS_MINIMIZEBOX
|
Creates a window that has a Minimize button. Cannot be combined with the WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP style. The WS_SYSMENU style must also be specified.
|
WS_OVERLAPPED
|
Creates an overlapped window. An overlapped window has a title bar and a border. Same as the WS_TILED style.
|
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW
|
Creates an overlapped window with the WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX, and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX styles. Same as the WS_TILEDWINDOW style.
|
WS_POPUP
|
Creates a pop-up window. This style cannot be used with the WS_CHILD style.
|
WS_POPUPWINDOW
|
Creates a pop-up window with WS_BORDER, WS_POPUP, and WS_SYSMENU styles. The WS_CAPTION and WS_POPUPWINDOW styles must be combined to make the window menu visible.
|
WS_SIZEBOX
|
Creates a window that has a sizing border. Same as the WS_THICKFRAME style.
|
WS_SYSMENU
|
Creates a window that has a window menu on its title bar. The WS_CAPTION style must also be specified.
|
WS_TABSTOP
|
Specifies a control that can receive the keyboard focus when the user presses the tab key. Pressing the tab key changes the keyboard focus to the next control with the WS_TABSTOP style.
|
WS_THICKFRAME
|
Creates a window that has a sizing border. Same as the WS_SIZEBOX style.
|
WS_TILED
|
Creates an overlapped window. An overlapped window has a title bar and a border. Same as the WS_OVERLAPPED style.
|
WS_TILEDWINDOW
|
Creates an overlapped window with the WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX, and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX styles. Same as the WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW style.
|
WS_VISIBLE
|
Creates a window that is initially visible.
|
WS_VSCROLL
|
Creates a window that has a vertical scroll bar.
|
Class
|
Meaning
|
BUTTON
|
Designates a small rectangular child window that represents a button the user can click to turn it on or off. Button controls can be used alone or in groups, and they can either be labeled or appear without text. Button controls typically change appearance when the user clicks them. For more information, see Buttons.
|
For a table of the button styles you can specify in the dwStyle parameter, see Button Styles.
|
|
COMBOBOX
|
Designates a control consisting of a list box and a selection field similar to an edit control. When using this style, an application should either display the list box at all times or enable a drop-down list box. If the list box is visible, typing characters into the selection field highlights the first list box entry that matches the characters typed. Conversely, selecting an item in the list box displays the selected text in the selection field. For more information, see Combo Boxes.
|
For a table of the combo box styles you can specify in the dwStyle parameter, see Combo Box Styles.
|
|
EDIT
|
Designates a rectangular child window into which the user can type text from the keyboard. The user selects the control and gives it the keyboard focus by clicking it or moving to it by pressing the tab key. The user can type text when the edit control displays a flashing caret; use the mouse to move the cursor, select characters to be replaced, or position the cursor for inserting characters; or use the backspace key to delete characters. For more information, see Edit Controls.
|
For a table of the edit control styles you can specify in the dwStyle parameter, see Edit Control Styles.
|
|
LISTBOX
|
Designates a list of character strings. Specify this control whenever an application must present a list of names, such as filenames, from which the user can choose. The user can select a string by clicking it. A selected string is highlighted, and a notification message is passed to the parent window. For more information, see List Boxes.
|
For a table of the list box styles you can specify in the dwStyle parameter, see List Box Styles.
|
|
MDICLIENT
|
Designates an MDI client window. This window receives messages that control the MDI application's child windows. The recommended style bits are WS_CLIPCHILDREN and WS_CHILD. Specify the WS_HSCROLL and WS_VSCROLL styles to create an MDI client window that allows the user to scroll MDI child windows into view. For more information, see Multiple Document Interface.
|
RichEdit
|
Designates a Rich Edit version 1.0 control. This window lets the user view and edit text with character and paragraph formatting, and can include embedded COM objects. For more information, see Rich Edit Controls.
|
For a table of the rich edit control styles you can specify in the dwStyle parameter, see Rich Edit Control Styles.
|
|
RICHEDIT_CLASS
|
Designates a Rich Edit version 2.0 control. This controls let the user view and edit text with character and paragraph formatting, and can include embedded COM objects. For more information, see Rich Edit Controls.
|
For a table of the rich edit control styles you can specify in the dwStyle parameter, see Rich Edit Control Styles.
|
|
SCROLLBAR
|
Designates a rectangle that contains a scroll box and has direction arrows at both ends. The scroll bar sends a notification message to its parent window whenever the user clicks the control. The parent window is responsible for updating the position of the scroll box, if necessary. For more information, see Scroll Bars.
|
For a table of the scroll bar control styles you can specify in the dwStyle parameter, see Scroll Bar Control Styles.
|
|
STATIC
|
Designates a simple text field, box, or rectangle used to label, box, or separate other controls. Static controls take no input and provide no output. For more information, see Static Controls.
|
For a table of the static control styles you can specify in the dwStyle parameter, see Static Control Styles.
|
WS_EX_ACCEPTFILES
|
WS_EX_LEFTSCROLLBAR
|
WS_EX_LEFT
|
WS_EX_MDICHILD
|
WS_EX_LTRREADING
|
WS_EX_PALETTEWINDOW
|
WS_EX_NOPARENTNOTIFY
|
WS_EX_RIGHTSCROLLBAR
|
WS_EX_RIGHT
|
WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW
|
WS_EX_RTLREADING
|
WS_EX_TRANSPARENT
|
WS_EX_APPWINDOW
|
WS_CHILDWINDOW
|
WS_ICONIC
|
WS_MAXIMIZE
|
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX
|
WS_MINIMIZE
|
WS_MINIMIZEBOX
|
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW
|
WS_POPUPWINDOW
|
WS_SIZEBOX
|
WS_THICKFRAME
|
WS_TILED
|
WS_TILEDWINDOW
|
Windows: Requires Windows 95 or later.
Windows CE: Requires version 1.0 or later.
Header: Declared in winuser.h.
Import Library: Use user32.lib.
Unicode: Implemented as Unicode and ANSI versions on Windows NT.
翻译:
HWND CreateWindowEx(
DWORD
dwExStyle
,
//
窗口的扩展风格
LPCTSTR
lpClassName
,
//
指向注册类名的指针
LPCTSTR
lpWindowName
,
//
指向窗口名称的指针
DWORD
dwStyle
,
//
窗口风格
int
x
,
//
窗口的水平位置
int
y
,
//
窗口的垂直位置
int
nWidth
,
//
窗口的宽度
int
nHeight
,
//
窗口的高度
HWND
hWndParent
,
//
父窗口的句柄
HMENU
hMenu
,
//
菜单的句柄或是子窗口的标识符
HINSTANCE
hInstance
,
//
应用程序实例的句柄
LPVOID
lpParam
//
指向窗口的创建数据
);
参数:
dwExStyle
:指定窗口的扩展风格。参数取下表中的值。
Style
|
Meaning
|
WS_EX_ACCEPTFILES
|
创建的窗口支持托放风格
|
WS_EX_APPWINDOW
|
当窗口可视时,强制位于任务栏顶层
|
WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE
|
指定窗口有一个凹陷的边界。
|
WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP
|
在窗口的标题栏中包含一个问号标志,当用户单击该标记时,鼠标符号变成一个问号标符,如果用户接着点击一下子窗口,这个子窗口获得一个WM_HELP消息。子窗口需要传递这个消息给他父窗口的窗口程序,父窗口窗口程序将用HELP_WM_HELP命令调用WinHelp函数,the Help application displays a pop-up window that typically contains help for the child window.
WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP不能使用WS_MAXIMIZEBOX或WS_MINIMIZEBOX风格
|
WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT
Controlparent
|
允许通过tab键在窗口的个个子窗口之间转换
|
WS_EX_DLGMODALFRAME
Dlgmodalframe
|
创建一个双边的窗口,这个窗口可以通过在参数dwStyle中设置WS_CAPTION风格随意的用标题栏创建窗口。
|
WS_EX_LEFT
|
设置窗口左对齐属性,为默认值
|
WS_EX_LEFTSCROLLBAR
|
如果shell语言是希伯来文等,支持reading order alignment,立轴式滚轮在客户区的左边,对于其他语言,该风格被忽略。
|
WS_EX_LTRREADING
Ltr reading
|
窗口文本以从左到右的顺序显示,为默认设置
|
WS_EX_MDICHILD
|
创建一个多文档界面窗口
|
WS_EX_NOPARENTNOTIFY
No parent notify
|
设置该属性,在创建和销毁子窗口时不向其父窗口发送WM_PARENTNOTIFY消息
|
WS_EX_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW
Over lapped window/ client edge/window edge
|
Combines the WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE and WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE styles.
|
WS_EX_PALETTEWINDOW
|
Combines the WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE, WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW, and WS_EX_TOPMOST styles. Windowedge/toolwindow/topmost
|
WS_EX_RIGHT
|
生成右对齐窗口,依靠窗口类,这种风格只在希伯来文等文字中起作用。其它文字中将被忽略
|
WS_EX_RIGHTSCROLLBAR
|
立轴式滚轮在客户区的右端,为默认值
|
WS_EX_RTLREADING
Rtl reading
|
If the shell language is Hebrew, Arabic, or another language that supports reading order alignment, the window text is displayed using Right to Left reading-order properties. For other languages, the style is ignored and not treated as an error.
|
WS_EX_STATICEDGE
Static edge
|
创建一个三维边类型的窗口,表明该栏不接受用户的输入。
|
WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW
Tool window
|
创建工具窗口,意味着窗口将被用作浮动的工具栏,工具窗口的标题要比一般窗口的标题栏要短,窗口使用更小的字体显示,不显示在任务栏中,或用户按 alt+tab键出现的对话框中,如果工具窗口有系统目录,它的图标不显示在标题栏中,但可以通过右击或按alt+space键显示系统目录。
|
WS_EX_TOPMOST
Top most
|
创建窗口在所有未设置该属性的窗口的上面,并保持这一状态,甚至窗口被停用,添加或删除这一风格,使用SetWindowPos函数
|
WS_EX_TRANSPARENT
Trans parent
|
指定该风格意味着只有当与它在同一线程创建的窗口都绘出时,它才能被绘出,窗口以透明方式显示是因为下面的兄弟窗口已经绘出
|
WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE
|
使窗口有一个突起的边缘
|
对于静态或编辑框控件,用
WS_EX_RIGHT
风格定义与分别使用
SS_RIGHT
或
ES_RIGHT
有相同的效果。对于按钮使用该风格与使用
BS_RIGHT
或
BS_RIGHTBUTTON
风格相同。
lpClassName
:指向一个非空的字符串,或是一个整形的变量,如果
lpClassName
为一个单元数,它必须是一个事先调用
GlobalAddAtom
创建的全局变量,该变量有
16
个字节,值小于
0xC000
高字位为零,低字位为
lpClassName
的值
.
如果是一个字符串,他指定窗口类的名字,这个名字可以是任何被
RegisterClassEx
函数注册的名字或是任何事先定义的控件类的名字。
lpWindowName
:指向一个指定窗口名的非空字符串,如果窗口类型指定一格标题栏,该字符串会显示在标题栏中,当用
CreateWindow
创建控件,如按钮、检查框等。用该参数指定控件的文本。
dwStyle
:指定窗口被创建的风格,该参数可以复合使用下列窗口类型以及备注中提到的控件类型。
Style
|
Meaning
|
WS_BORDER border
|
创建一个细边界的窗口
|
WS_CAPTION
Caption
|
创建一个带标题栏的窗口,包含WS_BORDER风格
|
WS_CHILD
|
创建一个子窗口,该风格必须与WS_POPUP一起使用
|
WS_CHILDWINDOW
|
与 WS_CHILD 风格相同
|
WS_CLIPCHILDREN
Clip children
|
当窗口绘制发生在父窗口中,拒绝该区域被子窗口占据
|
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS
Clip siblings
|
该风格涉及到相互联系的子窗口,当一个特殊的子窗口收到一个WM_PAINT消息,该风格夹起(clip)其他重叠显示的子窗口,并刷新子窗口区域,如未指定该风格,且窗口允许重叠,则会在客户区域重叠显示。
|
WS_DISABLED
|
创建一个被禁用的窗口,该窗口不会接受用户的输入
|
WS_DLGFRAME
Dlgframe
|
创建一个在对话框中使用的具有典型边框风格的窗口,该风格的窗口没有标题栏
|
WS_GROUP
Group
|
指定控件组得第一个控件,一个控件组有首控件和跟在其后得一系列控件组成,每个控件组得第一个控件一般要定义WS_TABSTOP类型,所以使用者可以从一个控件组到另一个控件组。随后可以使用方向键通过改变键盘得焦点实现,从一个控件转移到另一个控件。
|
WS_HSCROLL
|
具有水平滚动栏的窗口
|
WS_ICONIC
Iconic
|
创建一个初始化状态为最小化得窗口. 等同于 the WS_MINIMIZE 风格
|
WS_MAXIMIZE
|
创建一个初始化状态为最大化得窗口
|
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX
|
创建一个最大化按钮得窗口,不能和WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP一起使用。而WS_SYSMENU风格必须被指定。
|
WS_MINIMIZE
|
创建一个初始化状态为最小化得窗口,等同于Same as the WS_ICONIC 风格
|
WS_MINIMIZEBOX
|
创建一个最小化按钮得窗口,不能和WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP一起使用。而WS_SYSMENU风格必须被指定。
|
WS_OVERLAPPED
Over lapped
|
创建一个重叠的窗口,有一个标题栏和一个边框,等同于WS_TILED风格
|
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW
Over lapped window
|
创建一个重叠窗口有 WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX, 和 WS_MAXIMIZEBOX 风格. 等同于 WS_TILEDWINDOW风格
|
WS_POPUP
|
创建pop-up窗口,不能与WS_CHILD风格共用
|
WS_POPUPWINDOW
|
Creates a pop-up window with WS_BORDER, WS_POPUP, and WS_SYSMENU styles. The WS_CAPTION and WS_POPUPWINDOW styles must be combined to make the window menu visible.
|
WS_SIZEBOX
|
Creates a window that has a sizing border. Same as the WS_THICKFRAME style.
|
WS_SYSMENU
|
有菜单栏的窗口. WS_CAPTION 必须同时被指定
|
WS_TABSTOP
|
指定控件可以接受用户Tab键的输入,用该键把焦点转移到下一个指定了该风格的下一个控件
|
WS_THICKFRAME
|
Creates a window that has a sizing border. Same as the WS_SIZEBOX style.
|
WS_TILED
|
创建一个重叠窗口
|
WS_TILEDWINDOW
|
Creates an overlapped window with the WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX, and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX styles. Same as the WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW style.
|
WS_VISIBLE
|
创建一个初始状态为可见的窗口
|
WS_VSCROLL
|
创建一个有垂直滚轴的窗口
|
x
:指定初始时窗口的水平位置,对于重叠或弹出式窗口,
x
是初始窗口左上角相对于整个屏幕的坐标。对于子窗口是该窗口左上角相对于其父窗口客户区域
x
轴坐标。
Class
|
Meaning
|
BUTTON
|
命名一个小的矩形子窗口描绘一个按钮,可以通过点击打开或关闭它,可以单独用也可以成组用,可以有标签也可以不显示任何文本,,Button controls typically change appearance when the user click them。
|
对于桌面的按钮风格你可以指定dwStyle参数,详见Button Styles
|
|
COMBOBOX
|
命名一个包含列表栏和类似编辑控件的选择栏控件,使用这种风格时会一直显示一个列表框或是一个下拉列表框。如果是可视的,输入字符选择栏………
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For a table of the combo box styles you can specify in the dwStyle parameter, see Combo Box Styles.
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