我所使用的MATLAB版本——MATLAB R2017a

MATLAB的GUI的操作其他人写的很清楚了，在此不再赘述。

MATLAB的GUI的基本操作可见：GUI基本操作

这次所设计的钢琴有简单的七个琴键，DO RE MI FA SO LA XI

首先在命令行中输入

guide

即可调出gui设计页面，选择第一个选项的空白GUI，然后点确定即可

在工具栏的右侧选择按钮，在界面上画出一长方形代表按键，并用ctrl+c,ctrl+v创造出七个琴键，并对齐排列

双击按键可打开具体的参数设置，其中有前景色、背景色、字体、标志、类型等，可以更加的个性化。

其中的STRING代表在GUI界面的名字，tag是生成的代码中的标志(在保存后还会生成一代码文件)

修改后即可看到第一个琴键的名字为DO，同理我们可以把其余其他按键命名，最后我们可以得到如下图所示：

在保存之后会自动生成一代码，其中大部分我们不需要关心，我们要关注的就是其中的Do_Callback()等回调函数(Do是我们命名的tag使然)，也就是我们按一次按键会执行一次回调函数。

function Do_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to Do (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

为了发出钢琴声我们还需要编写一发声函数，具体代码如下：

function y = gen_wave( tone, rythm )

% 音调 拍

Fs = 8192;

freqs = [523, 587, 659, 698, 783, 880, 988];

x = linspace(0, 2 * pi * rythm, floor(Fs * rythm));

y = sin(freqs(tone) * x) .*(1- x/(rythm * 2 *pi));

end

函数具体内容参见我的另一博客：MATLAB如何创造音乐

所以在DO按键的回调函数中应该这样写：

function Do_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to Do (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

y = gen_wave(1,1);

sound(y,8192);

同理在此给出所有代码：

function varargout = piano(varargin)

% PIANO MATLAB code for piano.fig

% PIANO, by itself, creates a new PIANO or raises the existing

% singleton*.

%

% H = PIANO returns the handle to a new PIANO or the handle to

% the existing singleton*.

%

% PIANO('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local

% function named CALLBACK in PIANO.M with the given input arguments.

%

% PIANO('Property','Value',...) creates a new PIANO or raises the

% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are

% applied to the GUI before piano_OpeningFcn gets called. An

% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application

% stop. All inputs are passed to piano_OpeningFcn via varargin.

%

% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one

% instance to run (singleton)".

%

% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help piano

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 06-Feb-2020 16:54:20

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

gui_Singleton = 1;

gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...

'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...

'gui_OpeningFcn', @piano_OpeningFcn, ...

'gui_OutputFcn', @piano_OutputFcn, ...

'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...

'gui_Callback', []);

if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})

gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});

end

if nargout

[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});

else

gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});

end

% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before piano is made visible.

function piano_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)

% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.

% hObject handle to figure

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% varargin command line arguments to piano (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for piano

handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure

guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes piano wait for user response (see UIRESUME)

% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.

function varargout = piano_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);

% hObject handle to figure

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure

varargout{1} = handles.output;

% --- Executes on button press in Do.

function Do_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to Do (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

y = gen_wave(1,1);

sound(y,8192);

% --- Executes on button press in Re.

function Re_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to Re (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

y = gen_wave(2,1);

sound(y,8192);

% --- Executes on button press in Mi.

function Mi_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to Mi (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

y = gen_wave(3,1);

sound(y,8192);

% --- Executes on button press in Fa.

function Fa_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to Fa (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

y = gen_wave(4,1);

sound(y,8192);

% --- Executes on button press in So.

function So_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to So (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

y = gen_wave(5,1);

sound(y,8192);

% --- Executes on button press in La.

function La_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to La (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

y = gen_wave(6,1);

sound(y,8192);

% --- Executes on button press in Xi.

function Xi_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to Xi (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

y = gen_wave(7,1);

sound(y,8192);

再结合我们的 gen_wave()函数即可发出音乐声(有时候刚开始可能会有一些延迟。。。)

以上就是用MATLAB的GUI如何设计钢琴界面并能发声的教程了，如果感觉有意思，点个赞，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~

参考博客：GUI基本知识

gen_wave函数设计