sql还原数据库备份数据库_有关数据库备份，还原和恢复SQL面试问题–第三部分
sql还原数据库备份数据库
So far, we’ve discussed a lot about database backup commands. In this article, we’ll discuss more on database restore or database recovery processes. When you initiate a restore process, it undergoes a series of internal stages to restore or recover the data to the specific point of time.
到目前为止，我们已经讨论了很多有关数据库备份命令的内容。 在本文中，我们将讨论有关数据库还原或数据库恢复过程的更多信息。 当您启动还原过程时，它将经历一系列内部阶段，以将数据还原或恢复到特定时间点。
介绍 (Introduction)
In this article, you’ll see the FAQs and answers about the database restore and recovery internals. To learn a lot about SQL Server database backup-and-restore (recovery) internals, you can refer the full list of topics at the bottom.
在本文中，您将看到有关数据库还原和恢复内部的FAQ和答案。 要了解有关SQL Server数据库备份和还原（恢复）内部的大量知识，可以在底部参阅主题的完整列表。
In this article, we’ll answer the following topics.
在本文中，我们将回答以下主题。
- Define database restore 定义数据库还原
- Define the database recovery process 定义数据库恢复过程
- Check the state of the backup file 检查备份文件的状态
- Check the number of file(s) in a backup file 检查备份文件中的文件数
- Identify the database version from a backup file 从备份文件中识别数据库版本
- Check the backup software tools used for backup 检查用于备份的备份软件工具
- Perform simple and multiple ways to restore a database 执行简单和多种方法来还原数据库
- Explain WITH OVERWRITE option 用“覆盖”选项解释
- Explain WITH NORECOVERY option 用NORECOVERY选项解释
- Restore differential or t-log backup file 恢复差异或t-log备份文件
- Understand Other restore types STANDBY/READONLY 了解其他还原类型STANDBY / READONLY
- UExplain WITH REPLACE option UExplain WITH REPLACE选项
- Explain WITH MOVE option 用MOVE选项解释
- Restore the database using a Split files 使用拆分文件还原数据库
- Detail Piecemeal restore process 详细零碎还原过程
- Explain Point-in-time recovery 解释时间点恢复
- Describe the Page-Level-Restore process 描述页面级还原过程
- Explain Recovery-Only database restore 说明仅恢复数据库还原
- Explain WITH STOPAT option 用STOPAT选项解释
- Generate restore data commands using dynamic T-SQL 使用动态T-SQL生成还原数据命令
问题 (Questions)
In this section, let us deep-dive into the concepts of the database restore options.
在本节中，让我们深入研究数据库还原选项的概念。
1.什么是数据库还原？ (1. What is a database restore?)
It is the process of reconstructing the data to a usable state from database backup files in order to facilitate database operations.
这是从数据库备份文件将数据重建为可用状态以促进数据库操作的过程。
2.您所说的数据库恢复是什么意思？ (2. What do you mean by database recovery?)
Database recovery is the process of reconstructing the data that has been lost or it may be due to human errors (accidentally deletion) or hardware corruption or catastrophic failure made the data inaccessible. The data recovery typically refers to the restoration of data to a point where there is no or minimal data loss.
数据库恢复是重建丢失的数据的过程，或者可能是由于人为错误（意外删除），硬件损坏或灾难性故障导致无法访问数据所致。 数据恢复通常是指将数据恢复到没有数据丢失或数据丢失最少的程度。
3.如何检查备份文件是否可用？ (3. How do you check the backup file is a usable state?)
The RESTORE VERIFYONLY command is used to check or validate the backup and it will ensure that the backup file is readable form.
RESTORE VERIFYONLY命令用于检查或验证备份，它将确保备份文件可读。
RESTORE VERIFYONLY FROM DISK = N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL.BAK'
4.如何查找.bak \ trn文件中有多少个文件？ (4. How do you find the how many files are there .bak\trn files?)
The RESTORE FILELISTONLY command is used to list all the files related to the specified backup file.
RESTORE FILELISTONLY命令用于列出与指定备份文件相关的所有文件。
RESTORE FILELISTONLY FROM DISK = N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL.BAK'
5.如何使用备份文件查找SQL Server的数据库版本？ (5. How do you find the database version of SQL Server by using the backup file?)
The RESTORE HEADERONLY command output the header information of the backup.
RESTORE HEADERONLY命令输出备份的头信息。
RESTORE HEADERONLY FROM DISK = N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL.BAK'
6.如何找到用于创建数据库备份的软件？ (6. How do you find software that was used to create the database backup?)
The RESTORE LABELONLY command output the backup media information. In the output, we can see a software column.
RESTORE LABELONLY命令输出备份媒体信息。 在输出中，我们可以看到一个软件专栏。
RESTORE LABELONLY FROM DISK = N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL.BAK'
7.如何在SQL Server中进行简单的数据库还原？ (7. How do you do a simple database restore in SQL Server?)
To restore a simple database from a backup file, run the following command
要从备份文件还原简单数据库，请运行以下命令
RESTORE DATABASE PowerSQL FROM DISK =N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_FULL_20171012_1.BAK'
The different ways to perform database restore operations:
执行数据库还原操作的不同方式：
- Using T-SQL, the database restore commands are almost similar to backup database commands. To perform database restore, you just need to change the word “backup” to “restore” and “to” to “from” followed by restore and recovery options 使用T-SQL，数据库还原命令几乎类似于备份数据库命令。 要执行数据库还原，您只需要将单词“ backup”更改为“ restore”，将“ to”更改为“ from”，然后再执行还原和恢复选项。
- Browse Object Explorer 浏览对象资源管理器
- Right-click Databases 右键单击数据库
- Click Restore Database 单击还原数据库
- Select Source in the restore section 在还原部分中选择源
- Select From Device, and choose the browse 选择从设备，然后选择浏览
- Click Add to select the backup file 单击添加以选择备份文件
- Select the Backup set to restore 选择要还原的备份集
- Click the options tab, Enable the checkbox to “overwrite the existing database” 单击选项选项卡，启用复选框以“覆盖现有数据库”
- Select the recovery state (RECOVERY or NORECOVERY) 选择恢复状态（RECOVERY或NORECOVERY）
- Click Ok 点击确定
- Open the PowerShell ISE 打开PowerShell ISE
- Load the SQLServer Module 加载SQLServer模块
- Database name 数据库名称
- Backup file location 备份文件位置
- Data file location 数据文件位置
- Log file location 日志文件位置
- Prepare the restore command 准备还原命令
- Invoke the SQL string using Invoke-SQLCmd 使用Invoke-SQLCmd调用SQL字符串
Import-Module sqlServer$dbname = "SQLShackDemo"
$backupFile = "\\aqdbt01\f$\PowerSQL\SQLShackDemo_07132018.bak"
$dataFile = "\\aqdbt01\f$\PowerSQL\SQLShackNewDB.mdf"
$logFile = "\\aqdbt01\f$\PowerSQL\SQLShackNewDB_log.ldf"$backupSql = @"USE [master]IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name = '$dbname')ALTER DATABASE [$dbname] SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATERESTORE DATABASE [$dbname]
FROM DISK = N'$backupFile'
WITH FILE = 1, MOVE N'SQLShackDemo' TO N'$dataFile', MOVE N'SQLShackDemo_log' TO N'$logFile', NOUNLOAD, REPLACE, STATS = 5ALTER DATABASE [$dbname] SET MULTI_USER
"@Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance hqdbt01 -Query $backupSql
8.如何使用覆盖选项从完全备份还原数据库？ (8. How do you restore a database from full backup with overwrite option?)
The following command is used to restore the database using the specified backup file. If the database already exists, it will overwrite the database files. If the database doesn’t exist, it will create the database and restore the files to the specified location in the backup command.
以下命令用于使用指定的备份文件还原数据库。 如果数据库已经存在，它将覆盖数据库文件。 如果数据库不存在，它将创建数据库并将文件还原到备份命令中的指定位置。
RESTORE DATABASE SQLShack FROM DISK N'F:\PowerSQL\SQLSHACK_FULL_20171012_1.BAK'
WITH OVERWRITE
9.完整备份还原如何允许其他还原，例如差异日志或事务日志备份？ (9. How does a full backup restore allow additional restores such as a differential or transaction log backup?)
Using NORECOVERY option, this option leaves the database in a restoring state after the full database restore has completed. This will allow you to restore additional database backup files in order to get the database more current
使用NORECOVERY选项，此选项使数据库在完整数据库还原完成后仍处于还原状态。 这将允许您还原其他数据库备份文件，以使数据库更新
RESTORE DATABASE SQLShack FROM DISK N'F:\PowerSQL\SQLSHACK_FULL_20171012_1.BAK'
WITH NORECOVERY
10.如何还原差异备份文件？ (10. How do you do a differential backup file restore?)
To restore a differential backup, the options are exactly the same.
要还原差异备份，选项完全相同。
- You need do a full database restore with the NORECOVERY option 您需要使用NORECOVERY选项进行完整的数据库还原
- Initiate differential restore using the following command 使用以下命令启动差异还原
- Bring the database online, if you’ve no other file to restore. 如果没有其他要还原的文件，请使数据库联机。
RESTORE DATABASE SQLShack FROM DISK =N'F:\PowerSQL\SQLSHACK_DIFF_20171012_1.BAK' WITH NORECOVERY
GO
RESTORE DATABASE SQLShack WITH RECOVERY
GO
11.您可以在SQL Server中执行哪些其他类型的数据库还原？ (11. What are other types of database restore that you can perform in SQL Server?)
You can think of Standby / Read-Only Restore.
您可以想到“待机/只读还原”。
This mode is also known as STANDBY mode and can be used for reading operations.
此模式也称为待机模式，可用于读取操作。
RESTORE LOG PowerSQL FROM DISK='F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_log.trn'
WITH STANDBY=N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_STANDBY_20171012_1.BAK'
The standby option is for High-availability setup such as Log Shipping. In this setup, you have configured a warm standby server for disaster recovery. SQL Server engine designed to offer the ability to have the secondary database in a restoring state or in a standby state which allows read-only activity on the secondary database.
待机选项用于高可用性设置，例如日志传送。 在此设置中，您已经配置了一个热备份服务器来进行灾难恢复。 SQL Server引擎旨在提供使辅助数据库处于还原状态或待机状态的功能，该功能允许在辅助数据库上进行只读活动。
12.使用移动选项还原与正常还原操作有何不同？ (12. How does Restore with move option different from normal restore operation?)
The RESTORE … WITH MOVE option allows you to specify a new file location for the newly created database. Also, if you are restoring a database from another instance with different file locations, then you need to use this move option.
RESTORE…WITH MOVE选项允许您为新创建的数据库指定新文件位置。 另外，如果要从具有不同文件位置的另一个实例还原数据库，则需要使用此移动选项。
RESTORE DATABASE [SQLShackDemoTest] FROM DISK = 'F:\PowerSQL\SQLShackDemo_FULL.BAK'
WITH MOVE N'SQLShackDemo' TO 'F: \PowerSQLTest\ SQLShackDemoTest.mdf', MOVE N' N'SQLShackDemo' _log' TO 'F: \PowerSQLTest\ SQLShackDemo_log.ldf'
13.如何从多个备份文件还原完整数据库？ (13. How do you do a restore full database from multiple backup files?)
SQL Server supports an option of write the backup data to multiple files. In some cases, the database backup file splitting is to manage the workloads of the system. In this case, it is assumed to be full backup file is available and split into multiple files. The process is similar and we will perform database restore using the following T-SQL:
SQL Server支持将备份数据写入多个文件的选项。 在某些情况下，数据库备份文件的拆分是为了管理系统的工作负载。 在这种情况下，假定有完整的备份文件可用并拆分为多个文件。 流程类似，我们将使用以下T-SQL执行数据库还原：
RESTORE DATABASE PowerSQL FROMDISK =N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_FULL_20171012_1.BAK'
,DISK = N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_FULL_20171012_2.BAK'
,DISK = N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_FULL_20171012_3.BAK'
WITH REPLACE ,
MOVE 'PowerSQL' TO 'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_data.mdf',
MOVE 'PowerSQL_Log' TO 'G:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_data.mdf_log.ldf'
14.什么是零碎还原并解释内部原理？ (14. What is Piecemeal restore and explain the internals?)
Piecemeal restore is a process to help database restore that contains multiple filegroups (s) and it is recovered in multiple stages.
零碎还原是一个帮助数据库还原的过程，该过程包含多个文件组，并且可以分多个阶段进行恢复。
- Piecemeal restore process involves a series of the database restore, starting with the Primary filegroup followed by one or more secondary filegroup(s). 零碎还原过程涉及一系列数据库还原，从主要文件组开始，然后是一个或多个辅助文件组。
- Piecemeal restore process works with all recovery models 零碎恢复过程适用于所有恢复模型
- The restore process maintains a sequence called partial-restore sequence 恢复过程维护一个称为部分恢复序列的序列
Restore database SQLShack FILEGROUP='Primary' from disk=N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_FULL_20171012.BAK' WITH NORECOVERY, PARTIAL
See Also,
也可以看看，
Database Filegroup(s) and Piecemeal restores in SQL Server
SQL Server中的数据库文件组和零碎还原
15.什么是时间点恢复？ (15. What is Point-in-time Recovery?)
The RESTORE … WITH STOPAT option allows you to restore your database to a point in time. This gives you the ability to restore a database prior to an event that occurred that was detrimental to your database. In order for this option to work, the database needs to be either in the FULL or Bulk-Logged recovery model and you need to be doing transaction log backups.
RESTORE…WITH STOPAT选项允许您将数据库还原到某个时间点。 这使您能够在发生对数据库有害的事件之前还原数据库。 为了使此选项起作用，数据库必须处于FULL或Bulk-Logged恢复模型中，并且您需要进行事务日志备份。
16.使用STOPAT选项解释时间点还原 (16. Explain Point-in-time restore with STOPAT option)
To perform the point-in-time database restores action, the database recovery model to be in either the Full or Bulk-Logged.
要执行时间点数据库还原操作，数据库恢复模型应处于“完全记录”或“大容量记录”状态。
- First, identify the valid FULL or Bulk-logged backup file 首先，确定有效的FULL或大容量日志备份文件
- Restore the database with NORECOVERY 使用NORECOVERY还原数据库
- Restore the log 恢复日志
This will restore the database to a point “July 16, 2018, 01:38:00 PM”.
这会将数据库还原到“ 2018年7月16日，下午01:38:00”。
RESTORE DATABASE SQLShack FROM DISK = N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_FULL_20171012.BAK'
WITH NORECOVERY
GO
RESTORE LOG SQLShack FROM DISK = N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_LOG_20171012.TRN'
WITH RECOVERY,
STOPAT = 'July 16, 2018 01:38:00 PM'
GO
17.什么是SQL Server中的页面级还原？ (17. What is Page-level restore in SQL Server?)
Page-level restore is a process or technique can be used to replace corrupted pages in a database with an uncorrupted data from the database backup file. If you have a corrupt page(s) in SQL Server database, instead of restoring a complete database, you can restore only those pages that are corrupted from the available valid database backup file set. The process can be performed via SSMS or T-SQL. You can query msdb.suspect_pages’ to identify corrupted pages and track the pages that are marked as “suspect” in the table as well.
页面级还原是一种可以使用数据库备份文件中未损坏的数据替换数据库中损坏的页面的过程或技术。 如果您在SQL Server数据库中有一个损坏的页面，而不是还原完整的数据库，则只能从可用的有效数据库备份文件集中还原那些损坏的页面。 该过程可以通过SSMS或T-SQL执行。 您可以查询msdb.suspect_pages，以识别损坏的页面并跟踪表中标记为“可疑”的页面。
Restore database SQLShack PAGE ='1:153,1:202' from disk=N'F:\PowerSQL\PowerSQL_20171012.BAK' WITH RECOVERY
The entire process is very well explained in the following article
下一篇文章很好地解释了整个过程
How to perform a page level restore in SQL Server
如何在SQL Server中执行页面级还原
18. Restore命令中的WITH REPLACE选项是什么？ (18. What is WITH REPLACE option in Restore command?)
The “RESTORE database…WITH REPLACE” option allows overwriting an existing database while doing a database restore process.
“还原数据库…替换”选项允许在执行数据库还原过程时覆盖现有数据库。
The following restore database command overwrite the database files
以下还原数据库命令覆盖数据库文件
RESTORE DATABASE [ApexSQLCrd] FROM DISK = N'F:\PowerSQL\ApexSQLCrd_20171012.BAK' WITH REPLACE
19.如何执行“仅恢复”数据库还原？ (19. How do you perform the Recovery-Only database restore?)
The scope of recovery-only restore is to the database or file or filegroup(s) level.
仅恢复还原的范围是数据库或文件或文件组级别。
Before performing database recovery, restore the entire database make sure it is consistent. However, it is also possible that the recovery can be applied without restoring an entire database. For example, read-only file.
在执行数据库恢复之前，请还原整个数据库以确保它是一致的。 但是，也有可能可以在不还原整个数据库的情况下应用恢复。 例如，只读文件。
RESTORE DATABASE SQLShack WITH RECOVERY
For filegroup, issue the following command
对于文件组，发出以下命令
RESTORE DATABASE SQLShack FILEGROUP='SQLShackFG' WITH RECOVERY
20.如何动态生成恢复一个/一个或多个/所有数据库脚本？ (20. How do you generate restore one/one or more/all database script dynamically?)
- In the first T-SQL, the database names and backup file location are passed using a variable. 在第一个T-SQL中，使用变量传递数据库名称和备份文件位置。
- In the following steps, you can customize T-SQL to directly feed all the database names by querying the sys.databases object or you can hard code the database names in the sub-query. 在以下步骤中，可以通过查询sys.databases对象来自定义T-SQL以直接提供所有数据库名称，也可以在子查询中对数据库名称进行硬编码。
DECLARE @path varchar(50)='F:\PowerSQL',@dbname varchar(100)='SQLShackDemo'Select
'RESTORE DATABASE '+ '['+sd.Name+']'+ ' FROM DISK = N'+''''+@path+'\'+sd.Name+'_20171012.BAK'+''''+' WITH MOVE N'+''''+sfm.Name+''''+ ' TO N'+''''+sfm.Physical_Name+''''+','+' MOVE N'+''''+sfl.Name+''''+' TO N'+''''+sfl.physical_name+''''+','+' REPLACE, STATS = 5 , NORECOVERY'from sys.master_files sfm Join sysdatabases sd On sfm.database_id=sd.dbid and sfm.file_id=1 Join sys.master_files sfl on sfl.database_id=sd.dbid and sfl.file_id=2 and sd.Name in(@dbname)DECLARE @path varchar(50)='F:\PowerSQL'Select
'RESTORE DATABASE '+ '['+sd.Name+']'+ ' FROM DISK = N'+''''+@path+'\'+sd.Name+'_20171012.BAK'+''''+' WITH MOVE N'+''''+sfm.Name+''''+ ' TO N'+''''+sfm.Physical_Name+''''+','+' MOVE N'+''''+sfl.Name+''''+' TO N'+''''+sfl.physical_name+''''+','+' REPLACE, STATS = 5 , NORECOVERY'from sys.master_files sfm Join sysdatabases sd On sfm.database_id=sd.dbid and sfm.file_id=1 Join sys.master_files sfl on sfl.database_id=sd.dbid and sfl.file_id=2 and sd.Name in(select name from sys.databases where database_id>4)DECLARE @path varchar(50)='F:\PowerSQL'Select
'RESTORE DATABASE '+ '['+sd.Name+']'+ ' FROM DISK = N'+''''+@path+'\'+sd.Name+'_20171012.BAK'+''''+' WITH MOVE N'+''''+sfm.Name+''''+ ' TO N'+''''+sfm.Physical_Name+''''+','+' MOVE N'+''''+sfl.Name+''''+' TO N'+''''+sfl.physical_name+''''+','+' REPLACE, STATS = 5 , NORECOVERY'from sys.master_files sfm Join sysdatabases sd On sfm.database_id=sd.dbid and sfm.file_id=1 Join sys.master_files sfl on sfl.database_id=sd.dbid and sfl.file_id=2 and sd.Name in('SQLShackDemo','SQLShackInMemDB')
That’s all for now…stay tuned for more updates.
目前仅此而已……敬请期待更多更新。
目录 (Table of contents)
| Database Backup and Restore process in SQL Server – series intro |
| An overview of the process of SQL Server backup-and-restore |
| Understanding the SQL Server Data Management Life Cycle |
| Understanding SQL Server database recovery models |
| Understanding SQL Server Backup Types |
| Backup and Restore (or Recovery) strategies for SQL Server database |
| Discussing Backup and Restore Automation using SQLCMD and SQL Server agent |
| Understanding Database snapshots vs Database backups in SQL Server |
| SqlPackage.exe – Automate SQL Server Database Restoration using bacpac with PowerShell or Batch techniques |
| Smart database backup in SQL Server 2017 |
| How to perform a Page Level Restore in SQL Server |
| Backup Linux SQL Server databases using PowerShell and Windows task scheduler |
| SQL Server Database backup and restore operations using the Cloud |
| Tail-Log Backup and Restore in SQL Server |
| SQL Server Database Backup and Restore reports |
| Database Filegroup(s) and Piecemeal restores in SQL Server |
| In-Memory Optimized database backup and restore in SQL Server |
| Understanding Backup and Restore operations in SQL Server Docker Containers |
| Backup and Restore operations with SQL Server 2017 on Docker containers using Azure Data Studio |
| Interview questions on SQL Server database backups, restores and recovery – Part I |
| Interview questions on SQL Server database backups, restores and recovery – Part II |
| Interview questions on SQL Server database backups, restores and recovery – Part III |
| Interview questions on SQL Server database backups, restores and recovery – Part IV |
| SQL Server中的数据库备份和还原过程–系列简介 |
| SQL Server备份和还原过程概述 |
| 了解SQL Server数据管理生命周期 |
| 了解SQL Server数据库恢复模型 |
| 了解SQL Server备份类型 |
| SQL Server数据库的备份和还原（或恢复）策略 |
| 讨论使用SQLCMD和SQL Server代理进行备份和还原自动化 |
| 了解SQL Server中的数据库快照与数据库备份 |
| SqlPackage.exe –使用bacpac和PowerShell或Batch技术自动执行SQL Server数据库还原 |
| SQL Server 2017中的智能数据库备份 |
| 如何在SQL Server中执行页面级还原 |
| 使用PowerShell和Windows任务计划程序备份Linux SQL Server数据库 |
| 使用CloudSQL Server数据库备份和还原操作 |
| SQL Server中的尾日志备份和还原 |
| SQL Server数据库备份和还原报告 |
| SQL Server中的数据库文件组和零碎还原 |
| 在SQL Server中进行内存优化的数据库备份和还原 |
| 了解SQL Server Docker容器中的备份和还原操作 |
| 使用Azure Data Studio在Docker容器上使用SQL Server 2017进行备份和还原操作 |
| 有关SQL Server数据库备份，还原和恢复的面试问题–第一部分 |
| 有关SQL Server数据库备份，还原和恢复的面试问题–第二部分 |
| 有关SQL Server数据库备份，还原和恢复的面试问题–第三部分 |
| 有关SQL Server数据库备份，还原和恢复的面试问题–第IV部分 |
参考资料 (References)
- Restore a SQL Server Database to a Point in Time (Full Recovery Model) 将SQL Server数据库还原到某个时间点（完整恢复模型）
- Recover a Database Without Restoring Data (Transact – SQL) 在不还原数据的情况下恢复数据库（Transact – SQL）
- Restore Statements (Transact – SQL) 还原语句（事务– SQL）
- Piecemeal Restores (SQL Server) 零碎还原（SQL Server）
翻译自: https://www.sqlshack.com/sql-interview-questions-on-database-backups-restores-and-recovery-part-iii/
sql还原数据库备份数据库
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