原因：没有安装make工具，安装一下

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt  install  make

再重试，又出错

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#make  mini2440_defconfig

HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep

/bin/sh: 1: gcc: not found

scripts/Makefile.host:107:recipe for target 'scripts/basic/fixdep' failed

make[1]: ***[scripts/basic/fixdep] Error 127

Makefile:448: recipe fortarget 'scripts_basic' failed

make: *** [scripts_basic]Error 2

原因：缺少32位的库

解决方法：安装libncurses5等关键库

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt  install  libncurses5-dev

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# apt-get  install  libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt-get install build-essential

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# apt-get  install  lib32stdc++6

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# apt-get  install  lib32z1

再次运行

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# make  mini2440_defconfig

HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep

HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o

SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c

SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c

SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c

HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o

HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf

#

# configuration written to.config

#

OK，可以了，开始编译测试，这里使用-j8表示使用8个线程进行编译，可以大幅加快编译的速度，-j后面的数值可以根据你的虚拟机设置的实际情况进行选择，一般等于虚拟机的cpu核心数即可，我的虚拟机设置了8个CPU核心，所以-j8

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# make  -j8

又报错

/bin/sh: 1: bc: not found

Kbuild:67: recipe fortarget 'include/generated/timeconst.h' failed

解决方法：安装bc

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt  install  bc

再次编译，可以运行

可以看到编译过程中CPU已经满载

3.3 为uImage创建脚本

查看zImage生成情况

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# cd  arch/arm/boot/

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot#  ls

bootp  compressed dts  Image  install.sh Makefile  zImage

可以看到，生成了zImage

我们的平台使用uboot作为BootLoader，所以需要转换为uImage使用。

(1)先安装u-boot转换uimage工具

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot#  apt-get   install   u-boot-tools

(2)再到Linux源码根目录

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot#  cd   ../../..

(3)创建脚本

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2 #  vim   mkuImage.sh

(4)粘贴如下内容

mkimage -A arm -O linux -Tkernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008040 -n mini2440 -d /root/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot/zImage  /root/tftp/uImage

(5)赋予可执行权限

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# chmod   a+x   mkuImage.sh

(6)运行

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#  ./mkuImage.sh

(7)查看，确认脚本有效

root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# ls   /root/tftp/

uImage

可以看到，tftp文件夹下面已经存在了一个uImage

3.4运行测试

在本系统中，使用了uboot引导，所以要先将uboot烧写进入到nand flash中，然后打开secureCRT，设置好串口。

将开发板上电，按空格进入到uboot控制台，查看一下环境变量

[U-boot@mini2440A]#printenv

bootdelay=1

baudrate=115200

ethaddr=08:00:3e:26:0a:5b

gatewayip=192.168.1.1

netmask=255.255.255.0

xujun=bmp d 70000

stdin=serial

ethact=dm9000

ipaddr=192.168.2.188

serverip=192.168.2.123

bootcmd=tftp 0x30008000uImage;bootm 0x30008000

bootargs=console=ttySAC0,115200n8root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.2.123:/home/ubuntu/NFS/myrootfs/rootfsip=192.168.2.188:192.168.2.123:192.168.2.1:255.255.255.0:SMDK2440A.arm9.net:eth0:offinit=/linuxrc

stdin=serial

stdout=serial

stderr=serial

Environment size:479/131068 bytes

我们的目的是上电之后，uboot直接从tftp文件夹内读取uImage，并启动内核，所以需要配置以下几点

1、设置开发板的ip(根据你的路由网段设置)

[U-boot@mini2440A]# setenv  ipaddr  192.168.2.188

2、设置服务器的ip(根据实际ip设置)

[U-boot@mini2440A]# setenv  serverip  192.168.2.104

3、设置uboot，tftp加载内核(tftp 是你的tftp文件夹名字)

[U-boot@mini2440A]# setenv  bootcmd  'tftp 0x30008000 uImage;bootm 0x30008000'

4、保存参数

[U-boot@mini2440A]# saveenv

Saving Environment toNAND...

Erasing Nand...

Erasing at 0x4000000000002--   0% complete.

Writing to Nand... done

启动测试

[U-boot@mini2440A]# boot

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id:0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bitmode

MAC: 08:00:3e:26:0a:5b

could not establish link

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server192.168.2.104; our IP address is 192.168.2.188

Filename 'uImage'.

Load address: 0x30008000

Loading: #################################################################

#################################################################

#################################################################

##########

done

Bytes transferred = 3006872(2de198 hex)

## Booting kernel fromLegacy Image at 30008000 ...

Image Name:  mini2440

Created:     2017-09-27   7:06:46 UTC

Image Type:  ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

Data Size:   3006808 Bytes =  2.9 MB

Load Address: 30008000

Entry Point: 30008040

Verifying Checksum ... OK

XIP Kernel Image ... OK

OK

Starting kernel ...

Booting Linux on physicalCPU 0x0

Linux version 4.9.2(root@ubuntu) (gcc version 6.3.0 20170406 (Ubuntu/Linaro 6.3.0-12ubuntu2) ) #1Tue Sep 26 23:51:32 PDT 2017

CPU: ARM920T [41129200]revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c000717f

CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVTinstruction cache

Machine: MINI2440

Memory policy: Data cachewriteback

CPU S3C2440A (id0x32440001)

Built 1 zonelists in Zoneorder, mobility grouping on.  Totalpages: 16256

Kernel command line:console=ttySAC0,115200n8 root=/dev/nfsnfsroot=192.168.2.123:/home/ubuntu/NFS/myrootfs/rootfsip=192.168.2.188:192.168.2.123:192.168.2.1:255.255.255.0:SMDK2440A.arm9.net:eth0:offinit=/linuxrc

PID hash table entries: 256(order: -2, 1024 bytes)

Dentry cache hash tableentries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

Inode-cache hash tableentries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

Memory: 58868K/65536Kavailable (4309K kernel code, 180K rwdata, 976K rodata, 176K init, 258K bss,6668K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)

Virtual kernel memorylayout:

vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)

fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000   (3072kB)

vmalloc : 0xc4800000 - 0xff800000   ( 944 MB)

lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000   (  64 MB)

modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16MB)

.text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc043d660   (4310 kB)

.init : 0xc0552000 - 0xc057e000   ( 176 kB)

.data : 0xc057e000 - 0xc05ab320   ( 181 kB)

.bss : 0xc05ab320 - 0xc05ebf00   ( 259 kB)

SLUB: HWalign=32,Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1

NR_IRQS:103

S3C2440: IRQ Support

irq: clearing pendingstatus 00000003

irq: clearing pendingstatus 00000002

sched_clock: 16 bits at1012kHz, resolution 987ns, wraps every 32362962ns

clocksource:samsung_clocksource_timer: mask: 0xffff max_cycles: 0xffff, max_idle_ns:28803037 ns

Console: colour dummydevice 80x30

Calibrating delay loop...201.52 BogoMIPS (lpj=503808)

pid_max: default: 32768minimum: 301

Mount-cache hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

Mountpoint-cache hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

CPU: Testing write buffercoherency: ok

Setting up static identitymap for 0x300081e0 - 0x30008238

clocksource: jiffies: mask:0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 9556302231375000 ns

NET: Registered protocolfamily 16

DMA: preallocated 256 KiBpool for atomic coherent allocations

cpuidle: using governorladder

MINI2440: Option stringmini2440=0tb

MINI2440: 't' ignored,touchscreen not compiled in

MINI2440: LCD

[0:240x320]

1:800x480

2:1024x768

3:320x240

S3C2440: Initialisingarchitecture

usbcore: registered newinterface driver usbfs

usbcore: registered newinterface driver hub

usbcore: registered newdevice driver usb

s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0:slave address 0x10

s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0: busfrequency set to 98 KHz

s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0:i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter

Advanced Linux SoundArchitecture Driver Initialized.

clocksource: Switched toclocksource samsung_clocksource_timer

NET: Registered protocolfamily 2

TCP established hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCP bind hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured(established 1024 bind 1024)

UDP hash table entries: 256(order: 0, 4096 bytes)

UDP-Lite hash tableentries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

NET: Registered protocolfamily 1

RPC: Registered named UNIXsocket transport module.

RPC: Registered udptransport module.

RPC: Registered tcptransport module.

RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1backchannel transport module.

futex hash table entries:256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes)

workingset:timestamp_bits=30 max_order=14 bucket_order=0

NFS: Registering theid_resolver key type

Key type id_resolverregistered

Key type id_legacyregistered

jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) 漏 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.

romfs: ROMFS MTD (C) 2007Red Hat, Inc.

io scheduler noopregistered

io scheduler deadlineregistered

io scheduler cfq registered(default)

Console: switching tocolour frame buffer device 60x53

s3c2410-lcd s3c2410-lcd:fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device

s3c2440-uart.0: ttySAC0 atMMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 74, base_baud = 0) is a S3C2440

console [ttySAC0] enabled

[1] [2]