RabbitMQ消息队列——

一、RabbitMQ队列

不同进程间的通信，简称IPC。不同的进程间的通信，可以基于队列解决，将生产者和消费者进行解耦，中间的队列作为其桥梁。RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。

MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。RabbitMQ可以，多个程序同时使用RabbitMQ ,但是必须队列名称不一样。采用erlang语言，属于爱立信公司开发的。

消息中间件 --->就是消息队列

异步方式：不需要立马得到结果，需要排队

同步方式：需要实时获得数据，坚决不能排队

subprocess 的Q也提供不同进程之间的沟通

应用场景：

　　电商秒杀活动

　　抢购小米手机

　　堡垒机批量发送文件

二、Centos6.x系统编译安装RabbitMQ

1、查看环境：

[root@rabbitmq ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
[root@rabbitmq ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64

2、安装erlang环境

1、安装依赖包：yum install gcc ncurses ncurses-base ncurses-devel ncurses-libs ncurses-static ncurses-term ocaml-curses -yyum install ocaml-curses-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel perl xz xmlto m4 kernel-devel -y2、下载otp_src_19.3.tar.gzwget http://erlang.org/download/otp_src_19.3.tar.gz3、tar xvf otp_src_19.3.tar.gz4、cd otp_src_19.35、./configure --prefix=/usr/local/erlang --with-ssl --enable-threads --enable-smp-support --enable-kernel-poll --enable-hipe --without-javac6、make && make install7、配置erlang环境：echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/erlang/bin" >>/etc/profile#使环境变量配置生效source /etc/profile7、配置解析
[root@rabbitmq otp_src_19.3]#
echo "127.0.0.1 自己的主机名" >>/etc/hosts    #rabbitmq改成你自己主机名备注：
启动rabbitmq报错：[root@bogon sbin]# /usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-server -detacheERROR: epmd error for host bogon: timeout (timed out) 原因：解析不了主机名解决办法：先查看主机名[root@rabbitmq ~]# hostnamerabbitmq然后再执行下面这步echo "127.0.0.1 主机的主机名" >>/etc/hosts

3、安装rabbitMQ

1、下载rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.6.5.tar.xz
2、tar xvf rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.6.5.tar.xz
3、mv rabbitmq_server-3.6.5/ /usr/local/rabbitmq
4、启动：#启动rabbitmq服务/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-server#后台启动/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-server -detached#关闭rabbitmq服务/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl stop或ps -ef | grep rabbit 和 kill -9 xxx#开启插件管理页面/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management#创建用户/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl add_user rabbitadmin 123456/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl set_user_tags rabbitadmin administrator#给用户授权/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / rabbitadmin ".*" ".*" ".*"#语法：1
set_permissions [-p <vhost>] <user> <conf> <write> <read>

4、登录RabbitMQ_web页面

三、Centos7.x系统编译安装RabbitMQ

1、系统环境

[root@rabbitmq sbin]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015

1.1、Centos7.x关闭防火墙

1 [root@rabbitmq /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
2
3 [root@rabbitmq /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
4 Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
5 Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

如果不想关闭防火墙，可以通过如下方法处理：

1 开放5672端口：
2
3 firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5672/tcp --permanent
4 firewall-cmd --reload

2、下载erlang和rabbitmq-server的rpm

http://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/erlang/erlang-19.0.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

http://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.6/rabbitmq-server-3.6.6-1.el7.noarch.rpm

3、安装erlang

[root@rabbitmq ~]# cd /server/scripts/
[root@rabbitmq scripts]# ll
total 23508
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18580960 Jan 28 10:04 erlang-19.0.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5487706 Jan 28 10:04 rabbitmq-server-3.6.6-1.el7.noarch.rpm

[root@rabbitmq scripts]# rpm -ivh erlang-19.0.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

测试erlang是否安装成功:

[root@rabbitmq scripts]# erl
Erlang/OTP 19 [erts-8.0.3] [source] [64-bit] [smp:2:2] [async-threads:10] [hipe] [kernel-poll:false]

Eshell V8.0.3 (abort with ^G)
1> 5+6.
11
2> halt(). #退出

4、安装socat (备注：安装RabbitMQ必须先安装socat依赖，否则会报错）

[root@rabbitmq scripts]# yum install socat

5、安装RabbitMQ

[root@rabbitmq scripts]# rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.6-1.el7.noarch.rpm

启动和关闭:

/sbin/service rabbitmq-server start #启动服务

/sbin/service rabbitmq-server stop #关闭服务

/sbin/service rabbitmq-server status #查看服务状态

示例：

 1 [root@rabbitmq ~]# service rabbitmq-server status2 Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  rabbitmq-server.service3 ● rabbitmq-server.service - RabbitMQ broker4    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)5    Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-01-28 20:20:46 CST; 8h ago6  Main PID: 2892 (beam.smp)7    Status: "Initialized"8    CGroup: /system.slice/rabbitmq-server.service9            ├─2892 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-8.0.3/bin/beam.smp -W w -A 64 -P 1048576 -t 5000000 -st...
10            ├─3027 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-8.0.3/bin/epmd -daemon
11            ├─3143 erl_child_setup 1024
12            ├─3153 inet_gethost 4
13            └─3154 inet_gethost 4
14
15 Jan 28 20:20:43 rabbitmq rabbitmq-server[2892]: RabbitMQ 3.6.6. Copyright (C) 2007-2016 Pivot...nc.
16 Jan 28 20:20:43 rabbitmq rabbitmq-server[2892]: ##  ##      Licensed under the MPL.  See http...om/
17 Jan 28 20:20:43 rabbitmq rabbitmq-server[2892]: ##  ##
18 Jan 28 20:20:43 rabbitmq rabbitmq-server[2892]: ##########  Logs: /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@ra...log  #日志存放地址
19 Jan 28 20:20:43 rabbitmq rabbitmq-server[2892]: ######  ##        /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@ra...log
20 Jan 28 20:20:43 rabbitmq rabbitmq-server[2892]: ##########
21 Jan 28 20:20:43 rabbitmq rabbitmq-server[2892]: Starting broker...
22 Jan 28 20:20:45 rabbitmq rabbitmq-server[2892]: systemd unit for activation check: "rabbitmq-...ce"
23 Jan 28 20:20:46 rabbitmq systemd[1]: Started RabbitMQ broker.
24 Jan 28 20:20:46 rabbitmq rabbitmq-server[2892]: completed with 0 plugins.
25 Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

#查看端口

1 [root@rabbitmq sbin]# ps -ef|grep rabbitmq
2 rabbitmq  2892     1  0 Jan28 ?        00:01:39 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-8.0.3/bin/beam.smp -W w -A 64 -P 1048576 -t 5000000 -stbt db -zdbbl 32000 -K true -- -root /usr/lib64/erlang -progname erl -- -home /var/lib/rabbitmq -- -pa /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.6.6/ebin -noshell -noinput -s rabbit boot -sname rabbit@rabbitmq -boot start_sasl -kernel inet_default_connect_options [{nodelay,true}] -sasl errlog_type error -sasl sasl_error_logger false -rabbit error_logger {file,"/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@rabbitmq.log"} -rabbit sasl_error_logger {file,"/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@rabbitmq-sasl.log"} -rabbit enabled_plugins_file "/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins" -rabbit plugins_dir "/usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.6.6/plugins" -rabbit plugins_expand_dir "/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@rabbitmq-plugins-expand" -os_mon start_cpu_sup false -os_mon start_disksup false -os_mon start_memsup false -mnesia dir "/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@rabbitmq" -kernel inet_dist_listen_min 25672 -kernel inet_dist_listen_max 25672
3 rabbitmq  3027     1  0 Jan28 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-8.0.3/bin/epmd -daemon
4 rabbitmq  3143  2892  0 Jan28 ?        00:00:01 erl_child_setup 1024
5 rabbitmq  3153  3143  0 Jan28 ?        00:00:00 inet_gethost 4
6 rabbitmq  3154  3153  0 Jan28 ?        00:00:00 inet_gethost 4
7 root     24739 21359  0 03:18 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto rabbitmq

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/skiler/p/6865748.html