// 1. 实例化二维码滤镜
CIFilter *filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIQRCodeGenerator"];
// 2. 恢复滤镜的默认属性
[filter setDefaults];// 3. 将字符串转换成NSData
NSData *data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];// 4. 通过KVO设置滤镜inputMessage数据
[filter setValue:data forKey:@"inputMessage"];// 5. 获得滤镜输出的图像
CIImage *outputImage = [filter outputImage];// 6. 将CIImage转换成UIImage，并放大显示
return [UIImage imageWithCIImage:outputImage scale:20.0 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];

// 1. 实例化拍摄设备
AVCaptureDevice *device = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
// 2. 设置输入设备
AVCaptureDeviceInput *input = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:device error:nil];
// 3. 设置元数据输出
// 3.1 实例化拍摄元数据输出
AVCaptureMetadataOutput *output = [[AVCaptureMetadataOutput alloc] init];
// 3.3 设置输出数据代理
[output setMetadataObjectsDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
// 4. 添加拍摄会话
// 4.1 实例化拍摄会话
AVCaptureSession *session = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
// 4.2 添加会话输入
[session addInput:input];
// 4.3 添加会话输出
[session addOutput:output];
// 4.3 设置输出数据类型，需要将元数据输出添加到会话后，才能指定元数据类型，否则会报错
[output setMetadataObjectTypes:@[AVMetadataObjectTypeQRCode]];// 5. 视频预览图层
// 5.1 实例化预览图层
AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer *preview = [AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer layerWithSession:_session];
preview.videoGravity = AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspectFill;
preview.frame = self.view.bounds;
// 5.2 将图层插入当前视图
[self.view.layer insertSublayer:preview atIndex:100];
self.previewLayer = preview;// 6. 启动会话
[_session startRunning];