selenium 示例_Selenium findElement和findElements示例

selenium 示例

Whenever you want to interact with a web page, we require a user to locate the web elements. We usually start by finding the HTML elements on the page whenever we plan to automate any web application using WebDriver.

每当您想与网页进行交互时，我们都需要用户找到网页元素。每当我们计划使用WebDriver自动化任何Web应用程序时，我们通常首先在页面上找到HTML元素。

Selenium WebDriver defines two methods for identifying the elements, they are findElement and findElements.

Selenium WebDriver定义了两种用于标识元素的方法，它们是findElement和findElements 。

findElement: This command is used to uniquely identify a web element within the web page.findElement ：此命令用于唯一标识网页中的网页元素。
findElements: This command is used to uniquely identify the list of web elements within the web page.findElements ：此命令用于唯一标识网页中的Web元素列表。

There are multiple ways to uniquely identify a web element within the web page such as ID, Name, Class Name, LinkText, PartialLinkText, TagName, and XPath.

有多种方法可以唯一地标识网页中的Web元素，例如ID，名称，类名，LinkText，PartialLinkText，TagName和XPath。

findElement和findElements方法之间的区别 (Difference between findElement and findElements Methods)

FindElement() Method:

FindElement（）方法 ：

This command is used to access any single element on the web page此命令用于访问网页上的任何单个元素
It will return the object of the first matching element of the specified locator它将返回指定定位符的第一个匹配元素的对象
It will throw NoSuchElementException when it fails to identify the element无法识别元素时将抛出NoSuchElementException

FindElements() Method:

FindElements（）方法 ：

This command is used to uniquely identify the list of web elements within the web page.此命令用于唯一标识网页中的Web元素列表。
The usage of this method is very limited这种方法的用途非常有限
If the element doesn’t exist on the page then, then it will return value with an empty list如果该元素在页面上不存在，则它将返回带有空列表的值

Selenium findElement命令 (Selenium findElement Command)

Find Element command takes in the By object as a parameter and returns an object of type WebElement. By object can be used with various locator strategies such as ID, Name, ClassName, link text, XPath, etc.

“查找元素”命令将“按”对象作为参数，并返回WebElement类型的对象。按对象可以与各种定位器策略一起使用，例如ID，Name，ClassName，链接文本，XPath等。

FindElement命令的语法 (Syntax of FindElement command)

WebElement elementName = driver.findElement(By.LocatorStrategy("LocatorValue"));

Locator Strategy can be any of the following values.

定位器策略可以是以下任意值。

IDID
Name名称
Class Name班级名称
Tag Name标签名
Link Text连结文字
Partial Link Text部分链接文字
XPathXPath

Locator Value is the unique value using which we can identify the web element. It is the core responsibility of developers and testers to make ensure that web elements are uniquely identified by using certain properties such as ID or Name.

定位器值是可以用来识别网络元素的唯一值。开发人员和测试人员的核心责任是确保使用某些属性（例如ID或Name）来唯一标识Web元素。

Example:

例：

WebElement login= driver.findElement(By.linkText("Login"));

Selenium findElements命令 (Selenium findElements Command)

Selenium findElements command takes in By object as the parameter and returns a list of web elements. It returns an empty list if no elements found using the given locator strategy and locator value.

Selenium findElements命令将By对象作为参数，并返回Web元素列表。如果没有使用给定的定位器策略和定位器值找到任何元素，它将返回一个空列表。

FindElements命令的语法 (Syntax of FindElements command)

List<WebElement> elementName = driver.findElements(By.LocatorStrategy("LocatorValue"));

Example:

例：

List<WebElement> listOfElements = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div"));

如何使用Selenium findElement命令 (How to use Selenium findElement Command)

The following application is used for demo purpose:

以下应用程序用于演示目的：

https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/user-registration

Scenario

情境

Open the https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/user-registration for AUT打开AUT的https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/user-registration
Find and click radio button查找并单击单选按钮

package com.journaldev.selenium.findelement;import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;public class SeleniumFindElement { public static void main (String [] args){ System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","D:\\Drivers\\chromedriver.exe");WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();driver.manage().window.maximize():driver.get(:"https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/user-registration");//Find the radio button for "Male" by using ID and click on it
driver.findElement(By.id("M")).click();}
}

如何使用Selenium findElements命令 (How to use Selenium findElements Command)

The following application is used for demo purpose

以下应用程序用于演示目的

https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/user-registration

Scenario

情境

Open the https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/user-registration for AUT打开AUT的https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/user-registration
Find the text of radio buttons and print on console查找单选按钮的文本并在控制台上打印

package com.journaldev.selenium.findelements;import java.util.List;import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;public class SeleniumFindElements {public static void main(String[] args) {System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","D:\\Drivers\\chromedriver.exe");WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();driver.get("https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/user-registration");List<WebElement> elements = driver.findElements(By.id("M"));System.out.println("Number of elements:" +elements.size());for(int i=0; i<elements.size(); i++){System.out.println("Radio button text:" + elements.get(i).getAttribute("value"));}}
}

多种策略访问Selenium定位器 (Multiple By Strategies To Access Selenium Locators)

Selenium Webdriver references the web elements by using findElement(By.) method. The findElement method uses a locator object known as <"By">. There are various kinds of “By” strategies which you can use depending on your requirement.

Selenium Webdriver通过使用findElement(By.)方法引用Web元素。 findElement方法使用称为<"By">的定位器对象。您可以根据需要使用多种“按”策略。

1.按编号 (1. By ID)

Command: driver.findElement(By.id(<element ID>))

命令：driver.findElement（By.id（<元素ID>））

Example: <input id=”JournalDev”>

示例：<input id =” JournalDev”>

Java example code to find the input element by id

Java示例代码，通过ID查找输入元素

WebElement user = driver.findElement(By.id("JournalDev"));

2.按名称 (2. By Name)

Command: driver.findElement(By.name(<element-name>))

命令：driver.findElement（By.name（<element-name>））

Example: <input name=”JournalDev”>

示例：<输入名称=“ JournalDev”>

Java example code to find the input element by name

Java示例代码按名称查找输入元素

WebElement user = driver.findElement(By.name("JournalDev"));

3.按班级名称 (3. By Class Name)

Command: driver.findElement(By.className(<element-class>))

命令：driver.findElement（By.className（<element-class>））

Example: <input class=”JournalDev”>

示例：<input class =” JournalDev”>

Java example code to find the input element by className.

通过className查找输入元素的Java示例代码。

WebElement user = driver.findElement(By.className("JournalDev"));

4.通过LinkText (4. By LinkText)

Command: driver.findElement(By.linkText(<link text>))

命令：driver.findElement（By.linkText（<link text>））

Example:
<a href=”#test1″>JournalDev-1</a>
<a href=”#test2″>JournalDev-2</a>

范例：
<a href=”#test1”> JournalDev-1 </a>
<a href=”#test2”> JournalDev-2 </a>

Java example code to find element matching link or partial link text:

Java示例代码，用于查找与链接或部分链接文本匹配的元素 ：

WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.linkText("JournalDev-1"));
WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("JournalDev-2"));

5.通过CssSelector (5. By CssSelector)

Command: driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(<css-selector>))

命令：driver.findElement（By.cssSelector（<css-selector>））

Example:
<input class=”email” id=”email” type=”text” placeholder=”xxx@email.com”>
<input class=”btn btn-small” type=”submit” value=”Subscribe to blog>

范例：
<input class =“ email” id =“电子邮件” type =“文本”占位符=“ xxx@email.com”>
<input class =“ btn btn-small” type =“提交” value =“订阅博客>

Java example code to find element matching link or partial link text:

Java示例代码，用于查找与链接或部分链接文本匹配的元素 ：

WebElement emailText = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#email"));

6.通过XPath (6. By XPath)

Command: driver.findElement(By.xpath(<xpath>))

命令：driver.findElement（By.xpath（<xpath>））

Java example code for XPath:

XPath的Java示例代码 ：

// Absolute path
WebElement item = driver.findElement(By.xpath("html/head/body/table/tr/td"));// Relative path
WebElement item = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input"));// Finding elements using indexes
WebElement item = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[2]"));

翻译自: https://www.journaldev.com/29950/selenium-findelement-findelements-examples

selenium 示例