【Unity3D开发小游戏】Unity3D开发《3D迷宫》小游戏

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大家好，我是佛系工程师☆恬静的小魔龙☆，不定时更新Unity开发技巧，觉得有用记得一键三连哦。

一、前言

闲来无事，从零开始整个《3D迷宫》小游戏。

本篇文章会详细介绍构思、实现思路，希望可以帮助到有缘人。

二、构思

首先，要实现一个小游戏，心里肯定要有一个大概的想法，然后就是将想法完善起来。

我的想法就是一个用立体的墙搭建的迷宫，然后控制人物在迷宫中移动，最后找到出口，就这么简单。

当然，这是一个雏形，比如可以加点音效、背景、关卡、解密等。

那么整理一下实现思路就是：

构建3D迷宫
实现人物移动
实现出入口逻辑

OK，下面就正式开发。

三、正式开发

3-1、搭建场景

首先，新建个项目，我用了Unity 2019.4.7f1版本，项目名称跟位置按照自己的喜好设置即可：

接下来构建迷宫，先新建一个Plane，让它最够大，扩大10倍：
新建Cube，调整大小缩放，让它看起来像是一堵墙，然后构建迷宫：

3-2、设置出入口

放两个Cube，设置缩放，将出口名字改成Exit，这样就行了，到时候通过碰撞检测检测小球是否到达出口即可。

3-3、添加角色

在Hierarchy视图，右击选择3D Objcet→Capsule，新建一个球体，添加Rigibody组件：

设置Drag抓地力为1。

就这样设置就行了，在实际运行中如果参数不合适还可以再调整。
将小球移动到入口的位置。

3-4、实现角色移动

这里直接使用官方的第一人称移动代码RigidbodyFirstPersonController .cs：

public class RigidbodyFirstPersonController : MonoBehaviour{[Serializable]public class MovementSettings{public float ForwardSpeed = 8.0f;   // Speed when walking forwardpublic float BackwardSpeed = 4.0f;  // Speed when walking backwardspublic float StrafeSpeed = 4.0f;    // Speed when walking sidewayspublic float RunMultiplier = 2.0f;   // Speed when sprintingpublic KeyCode RunKey = KeyCode.LeftShift;public float JumpForce = 30f;public AnimationCurve SlopeCurveModifier = new AnimationCurve(new Keyframe(-90.0f, 1.0f), new Keyframe(0.0f, 1.0f), new Keyframe(90.0f, 0.0f));[HideInInspector] public float CurrentTargetSpeed = 8f;#if !MOBILE_INPUTprivate bool m_Running;
#endifpublic void UpdateDesiredTargetSpeed(Vector2 input){if (input == Vector2.zero) return;if (input.x > 0 || input.x < 0){//strafeCurrentTargetSpeed = StrafeSpeed;}if (input.y < 0){//backwardsCurrentTargetSpeed = BackwardSpeed;}if (input.y > 0){//forwards//handled last as if strafing and moving forward at the same time forwards speed should take precedenceCurrentTargetSpeed = ForwardSpeed;}
#if !MOBILE_INPUTif (Input.GetKey(RunKey)){CurrentTargetSpeed *= RunMultiplier;m_Running = true;}else{m_Running = false;}
#endif}#if !MOBILE_INPUTpublic bool Running{get { return m_Running; }}
#endif}[Serializable]public class AdvancedSettings{public float groundCheckDistance = 0.01f; // distance for checking if the controller is grounded ( 0.01f seems to work best for this )public float stickToGroundHelperDistance = 0.5f; // stops the characterpublic float slowDownRate = 20f; // rate at which the controller comes to a stop when there is no inputpublic bool airControl; // can the user control the direction that is being moved in the air[Tooltip("set it to 0.1 or more if you get stuck in wall")]public float shellOffset; //reduce the radius by that ratio to avoid getting stuck in wall (a value of 0.1f is nice)}public Camera cam;public MovementSettings movementSettings = new MovementSettings();public MouseLook mouseLook = new MouseLook();public AdvancedSettings advancedSettings = new AdvancedSettings();private Rigidbody m_RigidBody;private CapsuleCollider m_Capsule;private float m_YRotation;private Vector3 m_GroundContactNormal;private bool m_Jump, m_PreviouslyGrounded, m_Jumping, m_IsGrounded;public Vector3 Velocity{get { return m_RigidBody.velocity; }}public bool Grounded{get { return m_IsGrounded; }}public bool Jumping{get { return m_Jumping; }}public bool Running{get{#if !MOBILE_INPUTreturn movementSettings.Running;
#elsereturn false;
#endif}}private void Start(){m_RigidBody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();m_Capsule = GetComponent<CapsuleCollider>();mouseLook.Init (transform, cam.transform);}private void Update(){RotateView();if (CrossPlatformInputManager.GetButtonDown("Jump") && !m_Jump){m_Jump = true;}}private void FixedUpdate(){GroundCheck();Vector2 input = GetInput();if ((Mathf.Abs(input.x) > float.Epsilon || Mathf.Abs(input.y) > float.Epsilon) && (advancedSettings.airControl || m_IsGrounded)){// always move along the camera forward as it is the direction that it being aimed atVector3 desiredMove = cam.transform.forward*input.y + cam.transform.right*input.x;desiredMove = Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(desiredMove, m_GroundContactNormal).normalized;desiredMove.x = desiredMove.x*movementSettings.CurrentTargetSpeed;desiredMove.z = desiredMove.z*movementSettings.CurrentTargetSpeed;desiredMove.y = desiredMove.y*movementSettings.CurrentTargetSpeed;if (m_RigidBody.velocity.sqrMagnitude <(movementSettings.CurrentTargetSpeed*movementSettings.CurrentTargetSpeed)){m_RigidBody.AddForce(desiredMove*SlopeMultiplier(), ForceMode.Impulse);}}if (m_IsGrounded){m_RigidBody.drag = 5f;if (m_Jump){m_RigidBody.drag = 0f;m_RigidBody.velocity = new Vector3(m_RigidBody.velocity.x, 0f, m_RigidBody.velocity.z);m_RigidBody.AddForce(new Vector3(0f, movementSettings.JumpForce, 0f), ForceMode.Impulse);m_Jumping = true;}if (!m_Jumping && Mathf.Abs(input.x) < float.Epsilon && Mathf.Abs(input.y) < float.Epsilon && m_RigidBody.velocity.magnitude < 1f){m_RigidBody.Sleep();}}else{m_RigidBody.drag = 0f;if (m_PreviouslyGrounded && !m_Jumping){StickToGroundHelper();}}m_Jump = false;}private float SlopeMultiplier(){float angle = Vector3.Angle(m_GroundContactNormal, Vector3.up);return movementSettings.SlopeCurveModifier.Evaluate(angle);}private void StickToGroundHelper(){RaycastHit hitInfo;if (Physics.SphereCast(transform.position, m_Capsule.radius * (1.0f - advancedSettings.shellOffset), Vector3.down, out hitInfo,((m_Capsule.height/2f) - m_Capsule.radius) +advancedSettings.stickToGroundHelperDistance, Physics.AllLayers, QueryTriggerInteraction.Ignore)){if (Mathf.Abs(Vector3.Angle(hitInfo.normal, Vector3.up)) < 85f){m_RigidBody.velocity = Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(m_RigidBody.velocity, hitInfo.normal);}}}private Vector2 GetInput(){Vector2 input = new Vector2{x = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Horizontal"),y = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Vertical")};movementSettings.UpdateDesiredTargetSpeed(input);return input;}private void RotateView(){//avoids the mouse looking if the game is effectively pausedif (Mathf.Abs(Time.timeScale) < float.Epsilon) return;// get the rotation before it's changedfloat oldYRotation = transform.eulerAngles.y;mouseLook.LookRotation (transform, cam.transform);if (m_IsGrounded || advancedSettings.airControl){// Rotate the rigidbody velocity to match the new direction that the character is lookingQuaternion velRotation = Quaternion.AngleAxis(transform.eulerAngles.y - oldYRotation, Vector3.up);m_RigidBody.velocity = velRotation*m_RigidBody.velocity;}}/// sphere cast down just beyond the bottom of the capsule to see if the capsule is colliding round the bottomprivate void GroundCheck(){m_PreviouslyGrounded = m_IsGrounded;RaycastHit hitInfo;if (Physics.SphereCast(transform.position, m_Capsule.radius * (1.0f - advancedSettings.shellOffset), Vector3.down, out hitInfo,((m_Capsule.height/2f) - m_Capsule.radius) + advancedSettings.groundCheckDistance, Physics.AllLayers, QueryTriggerInteraction.Ignore)){m_IsGrounded = true;m_GroundContactNormal = hitInfo.normal;}else{m_IsGrounded = false;m_GroundContactNormal = Vector3.up;}if (!m_PreviouslyGrounded && m_IsGrounded && m_Jumping){m_Jumping = false;}}}

MouseLook.cs:

public class MouseLook{public float XSensitivity = 2f;public float YSensitivity = 2f;public bool clampVerticalRotation = true;public float MinimumX = -90F;public float MaximumX = 90F;public bool smooth;public float smoothTime = 5f;public bool lockCursor = true;private Quaternion m_CharacterTargetRot;private Quaternion m_CameraTargetRot;private bool m_cursorIsLocked = true;public void Init(Transform character, Transform camera){m_CharacterTargetRot = character.localRotation;m_CameraTargetRot = camera.localRotation;}public void LookRotation(Transform character, Transform camera){float yRot = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Mouse X") * XSensitivity;float xRot = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * YSensitivity;m_CharacterTargetRot *= Quaternion.Euler (0f, yRot, 0f);m_CameraTargetRot *= Quaternion.Euler (-xRot, 0f, 0f);if(clampVerticalRotation)m_CameraTargetRot = ClampRotationAroundXAxis (m_CameraTargetRot);if(smooth){character.localRotation = Quaternion.Slerp (character.localRotation, m_CharacterTargetRot,smoothTime * Time.deltaTime);camera.localRotation = Quaternion.Slerp (camera.localRotation, m_CameraTargetRot,smoothTime * Time.deltaTime);}else{character.localRotation = m_CharacterTargetRot;camera.localRotation = m_CameraTargetRot;}UpdateCursorLock();}public void SetCursorLock(bool value){lockCursor = value;if(!lockCursor){//we force unlock the cursor if the user disable the cursor locking helperCursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.None;Cursor.visible = true;}}public void UpdateCursorLock(){//if the user set "lockCursor" we check & properly lock the cursosif (lockCursor)InternalLockUpdate();}private void InternalLockUpdate(){if(Input.GetKeyUp(KeyCode.Escape)){m_cursorIsLocked = false;}else if(Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0)){m_cursorIsLocked = true;}if (m_cursorIsLocked){Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.Locked;Cursor.visible = false;}else if (!m_cursorIsLocked){Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.None;Cursor.visible = true;}}Quaternion ClampRotationAroundXAxis(Quaternion q){q.x /= q.w;q.y /= q.w;q.z /= q.w;q.w = 1.0f;float angleX = 2.0f * Mathf.Rad2Deg * Mathf.Atan (q.x);angleX = Mathf.Clamp (angleX, MinimumX, MaximumX);q.x = Mathf.Tan (0.5f * Mathf.Deg2Rad * angleX);return q;}}

将所有的墙的父物体设置为地板。

设置摄像机的位置和父物体：

运行程序：

3-5、出入口逻辑

出口用碰撞检测，新建脚本ExitControl.cs，编辑代码：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;public class ExitControl : MonoBehaviour
{void OnCollisionEnter(Collider col){if (col.gameObject.name == "Capsule"){SceneManager.LoadScene(SceneManager.GetActiveScene().name);}}
}

将代码附给Exit对象。

结束了。

四、总结

本文实现了一个《3D迷宫》小游戏。

首先，搭建场景，然后实现角色移动，出入口逻辑。

整天代码比较简单，官方的移动代码也可以学习一下。