目录

一、项目模拟

1. 项目环境

2. 服务器环境

3. 任务需求

二、Linux系统基础镜像

三、Nginx

1. 建立工作目录

2. 编写Dockerfile脚本

3. 准备nginx.conf配置文件

4. 生成镜像

5. 创建自定义网络

6. 启动镜像容器

7. 验证nginx

三、Mysql

1. 建立工作目录

2. 编写Dockerfile

3. 准备my.cnf文件

4. 生成镜像

5. 启动镜像容器

6. 验证mysql

四、Php

1. 建立工作目录

2. 编写Dockerfile脚本

3. 准备php.ini、php-fpm.conf、www.conf配置文件

4. 生成镜像

5. 启动镜像容器

6. 验证php

五、启动wordpress服务

1. mysql授权

2. 浏览器访问测试

3. 备份镜像至本地

---

一、项目模拟

1. 项目环境

公司在实际的生产环境中，需要使用Docker技术在一台主机上创建LNMP服务并运行Wordpress网站平台。然后对此服务进行相关的性能调优和管理工作。

2. 服务器环境

容器	操作系统	IP地址	主要软件
nginx	CentOS 7.9 x86_64	172.111.0.10	Docker-Nginx
mysql	Centos 7.9 x86_64	172.111.0.20	Docker-Mysql
php	Centos 7.9 x86_64	172.111.0.30	Docker-php

3. 任务需求

（1）使用Docker构建LNMP环境并运行Wordpress网站平台。
（2）限制Nginx容器最多使用500Mb的内存和1G的Swap。
（3）限制Mysql容器写 /dev/sda 的速率为 10 MB/s。
（4）将所有容器进行快照，然后将Docker镜像打包成tar包备份到本地。

二、Linux系统基础镜像

	[root@docker ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
	[root@docker ~]# setenforce 0
	setenforce: SELinux is disabled
	[root@docker ~]# docker pull centos:7
	#从公有仓库中下载centos 7作为系统基础镜像
	[root@docker ~]# docker images
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 4 weeks ago 204MB

三、Nginx

1. 建立工作目录

	[root@docker ~]# mkdir /opt/nginx
	[root@docker ~]# cd /opt/nginx
	[root@docker nginx]# rz -E
	rz waiting to receive.
	#上传nginx安装包nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
	[root@docker nginx]# rz -E
	rz waiting to receive.
	#上传wordpress服务包wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz

2. 编写Dockerfile脚本

	[root@docker nginx]# vim Dockerfile
	FROM centos:7
	MAINTAINER this is nginx image <lnmp>
	RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
	ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
	WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.0
	RUN ./configure \
	--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
	--user=nginx \
	--group=nginx \
	--with-http_stub_status_module;make -j4 && make install
	ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
	ADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/
	ADD wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz /usr/local/nginx/html
	RUN chmod 777 -R /usr/local/nginx/html/
	EXPOSE 80
	VOLUME [ "/usr/local/nginx/html/" ]
	CMD [ "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;" ]

3. 准备nginx.conf配置文件

	[root@docker nginx]# ls
	Dockerfile nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz nginx.conf wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
	[root@docker nginx]# egrep -v "^(.)*#(.)*$" nginx.conf | grep -v "^$"
	worker_processes 1;
	events {
	worker_connections 1024;
	}
	http {
	include mime.types;
	default_type application/octet-stream;
	sendfile on;
	keepalive_timeout 65;
	server {
	listen 80;
	server_name localhost;
	charset utf-8;
	location / {
	root html;
	index index.html index.php;
	}
	error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
	location = /50x.html {
	root html;
	}
	location ~ \.php$ {
	root html;
	fastcgi_pass 172.111.0.30:9000;
	fastcgi_index index.php;
	fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
	include fastcgi_params;
	}
	}
	}

4. 生成镜像

	[root@docker nginx]# docker build -t nginx:lnmp .
	[root@docker nginx]# docker images
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	nginx lnmp 35a6404fcfa1 5 seconds ago 522MB
	centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 4 weeks ago 204MB

5. 创建自定义网络

	[root@docker nginx]# docker network create --subnet=172.111.0.0/16 --opt "com.docker.network.bridge.name"="docker1" mynetwork
	0cbe1bd0bd782bf1c8e69916d99427970196de22deb312f970e01030406d9b45
	[root@docker nginx]# docker network ls
	NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
	dd7a55d01f86 bridge bridge local
	63ddf1e359e9 host host local
	0cbe1bd0bd78 mynetwork bridge local
	a4b66a8a6cd2 none null local
	[root@docker nginx]# ifconfig docker1
	docker1: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	inet 172.111.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.111.255.255
	ether 02:42:40:dc:e8:1d txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
	RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
	RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
	TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
	TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

6. 启动镜像容器

	[root@docker nginx]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 80:80 -m 500m --memory-swap 1g --net mynetwork --ip 172.111.0.10 nginx:lnmp
	57616d4ea225c82a50b731472b003dabfd681e8dc6c6ef85a9bb2f665354334b
	[root@docker nginx]# docker ps -a
	CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
	57616d4ea225 nginx:lnmp "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 13 seconds ago Up 12 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx
	[root@docker nginx]# docker inspect nginx
	······
	"IPv4Address": "172.111.0.10"
	······

7. 验证nginx

	[root@docker nginx]# curl http://192.168.122.10:80
	<!DOCTYPE html>
	<html>
	<head>
	<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
	<style>
	body {
	width: 35em;
	margin: 0 auto;
	font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
	}
	</style>
	</head>
	<body>
	<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
	<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
	working. Further configuration is required.</p>
	<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
	<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
	Commercial support is available at
	<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
	<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
	</body>
	</html>

三、Mysql

1. 建立工作目录

	[root@docker nginx]# mkdir /opt/mysql
	[root@docker nginx]# cd /opt/mysql/
	[root@docker mysql]# rz -E
	rz waiting to receive.
	#传入mysql安装包mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz

2. 编写Dockerfile

	[root@docker mysql]# vim Dockerfile
	FROM centos:7
	MAINTAINER this is mysql image <lnmp>
	RUN yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
	ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
	WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
	RUN cmake \
	-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
	-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
	-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
	-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
	-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
	-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
	-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
	-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
	-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
	-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
	-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
	-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
	-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
	-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1;make -j4;make install
	ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
	EXPOSE 3306
	RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/;chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
	WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/bin/
	RUN ./mysqld \
	--initialize-insecure \
	--user=mysql \
	--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
	--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/;systemctl enable mysqld
	ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
	VOLUME [ "/usr/local/mysql" ]
	CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]

3. 准备my.cnf文件

	[root@docker mysql]# vim my.cnf
	[client]
	port = 3306
	socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
	[mysqld]
	user = mysql
	basedir=/usr/local/mysql
	datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
	port = 3306
	character-set-server=utf8
	pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
	socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
	bind-address = 0.0.0.0
	skip-name-resolve
	max_connections=2048
	default-storage-engine=INNODB
	max_allowed_packet=16M
	server-id = 1
	sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

4. 生成镜像

	[root@docker mysql]# docker build -t mysql:lnmp .
	[root@docker mysql]# docker images
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	mysql lnmp 49da8f7299af 3 minutes ago 9.98GB
	nginx lnmp 35a6404fcfa1 17 minutes ago 522MB
	centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 4 weeks ago 204MB

5. 启动镜像容器

	[root@docker mysql]# docker run --name=mysql -d --privileged --device-write-bps /dev/sda:10M -v /usr/local/mysql --net mynetwork --ip 172.111.0.20 mysql:lnmp
	ebafbdc1c4dcfc49406a7db8ee5a2afc54f5b4203d11ad374dba885ec4ef5afd
	[root@docker mysql]# docker ps -a
	CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
	ebafbdc1c4dc mysql:lnmp "/usr/sbin/init" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 3306/tcp mysql
	57616d4ea225 nginx:lnmp "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 17 minutes ago Up 17 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx

6. 验证mysql

	[root@docker mysql]# docker exec -it mysql bash
	[root@ebafbdc1c4dc bin]# systemctl status mysqld
	● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
	Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
	Active: activating (start) since Sun 2021-10-17 05:54:59 UTC; 42s ago
	······

四、Php

1. 建立工作目录

	[root@docker mysql]# mkdir ../php
	[root@docker mysql]# cd ../php/
	[root@docker php]# rz -E
	rz waiting to receive.
	#传入php安装包php-7.1.10.tar.bz2

2. 编写Dockerfile脚本

	[root@docker php]# vim Dockerfile
	FROM centos:7
	MAINTAINER this is php image <lnmp>
	RUN yum install -y gd \
	libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
	libpng libpng-devel \
	freetype freetype-devel \
	libxml2 libxml2-devel \
	zlib zlib-devel \
	curl curl-devel \
	openssl openssl-devel \
	gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
	ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/
	WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10
	RUN ./configure \
	--prefix=/usr/local/php \
	--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
	--with-mysqli \
	--with-zlib \
	--with-curl \
	--with-gd \
	--with-jpeg-dir \
	--with-png-dir \
	--with-freetype-dir \
	--with-openssl \
	--enable-fpm \
	--enable-mbstring \
	--enable-xml \
	--enable-session \
	--enable-ftp \
	--enable-pdo \
	--enable-tokenizer \
	--enable-zip ; make -j 4 ; make install
	ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH
	ADD php.ini /usr/local/php/lib/
	ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
	ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
	EXPOSE 9000
	CMD /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -F

3. 准备php.ini、php-fpm.conf、www.conf配置文件

从其他机器安装php后，scp配置文件到容器宿主机并进行修改

3.1 php.ini

该配置文件模板位于安装目录的php-7.1.10/php.ini-development位置

	[root@docker php]# vim php.ini
	#939行,取消注释，修改
	date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
	#1170行,修改
	mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

	[root@docker php]# egrep -v "^;" php.ini | egrep -v "^$"
	[PHP]
	engine = On
	short_open_tag = Off
	precision = 14
	output_buffering = 4096
	zlib.output_compression = Off
	implicit_flush = Off
	unserialize_callback_func =
	serialize_precision = -1
	disable_functions =
	disable_classes =
	zend.enable_gc = On
	expose_php = On
	max_execution_time = 30
	max_input_time = 60
	memory_limit = 128M
	error_reporting = E_ALL
	display_errors = On
	display_startup_errors = On
	log_errors = On
	log_errors_max_len = 1024
	ignore_repeated_errors = Off
	ignore_repeated_source = Off
	report_memleaks = On
	track_errors = On
	html_errors = On
	variables_order = "GPCS"
	request_order = "GP"
	register_argc_argv = Off
	auto_globals_jit = On
	post_max_size = 8M
	auto_prepend_file =
	auto_append_file =
	default_mimetype = "text/html"
	default_charset = "UTF-8"
	doc_root =
	user_dir =
	enable_dl = Off
	file_uploads = On
	upload_max_filesize = 2M
	max_file_uploads = 20
	allow_url_fopen = On
	allow_url_include = Off
	default_socket_timeout = 60
	[CLI Server]
	cli_server.color = On
	[Date]
	date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
	[filter]
	[iconv]
	[intl]
	[sqlite3]
	[Pcre]
	[Pdo]
	[Pdo_mysql]
	pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000
	pdo_mysql.default_socket=
	[Phar]
	[mail function]
	SMTP = localhost
	smtp_port = 25
	mail.add_x_header = On
	[SQL]
	sql.safe_mode = Off
	[ODBC]
	odbc.allow_persistent = On
	odbc.check_persistent = On
	odbc.max_persistent = -1
	odbc.max_links = -1
	odbc.defaultlrl = 4096
	odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
	[Interbase]
	ibase.allow_persistent = 1
	ibase.max_persistent = -1
	ibase.max_links = -1
	ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
	ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"
	ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"
	[MySQLi]
	mysqli.max_persistent = -1
	mysqli.allow_persistent = On
	mysqli.max_links = -1
	mysqli.cache_size = 2000
	mysqli.default_port = 3306
	mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
	mysqli.default_host =
	mysqli.default_user =
	mysqli.default_pw =
	mysqli.reconnect = Off
	[mysqlnd]
	mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On
	mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On
	[OCI8]
	[PostgreSQL]
	pgsql.allow_persistent = On
	pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off
	pgsql.max_persistent = -1
	pgsql.max_links = -1
	pgsql.ignore_notice = 0
	pgsql.log_notice = 0
	[bcmath]
	bcmath.scale = 0
	[browscap]
	[Session]
	session.save_handler = files
	session.use_strict_mode = 0
	session.use_cookies = 1
	session.use_only_cookies = 1
	session.name = PHPSESSID
	session.auto_start = 0
	session.cookie_lifetime = 0
	session.cookie_path = /
	session.cookie_domain =
	session.cookie_httponly =
	session.serialize_handler = php
	session.gc_probability = 1
	session.gc_divisor = 1000
	session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
	session.referer_check =
	session.cache_limiter = nocache
	session.cache_expire = 180
	session.use_trans_sid = 0
	session.sid_length = 26
	session.trans_sid_tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form="
	session.sid_bits_per_character = 5
	[Assertion]
	zend.assertions = 1
	[COM]
	[mbstring]
	[gd]
	[exif]
	[Tidy]
	tidy.clean_output = Off
	[soap]
	soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1
	soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"
	soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400
	soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5
	[sysvshm]
	[ldap]
	ldap.max_links = -1
	[mcrypt]
	[dba]
	[opcache]
	[curl]
	[openssl]

3.2 php-fpm.conf

该配置文件位于/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default

	[root@docker php]# vim php-fpm.conf
	#17行，删除注释符号“;”
	pid = run/php-fpm.pid

	[root@docker php]# egrep -v "^;" php-fpm.conf | egrep -v "^$"
	[global]
	pid = run/php-fpm.pid
	include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf

3.3 www.conf

该配置文件位于usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default

	[root@docker php]# vim www.conf
	#23、24行，修改用户和组
	user = nginx
	group = nginx
	#36行，修改监听IP和端口为容器IP:9000端口
	listen = 172.111.0.30:9000

	[root@docker php]# egrep -v "^;" www.conf | egrep -v "^$"
	[www]
	user = nginx
	group = nginx
	listen = 172.111.0.30:9000
	pm = dynamic
	pm.max_children = 5
	pm.start_servers = 2
	pm.min_spare_servers = 1
	pm.max_spare_servers = 3

4. 生成镜像

	[root@docker php]# docker build -t php:lnmp .
	[root@docker php]# docker images
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	php lnmp 985842f961f1 About a minute ago 1.2GB
	mysql lnmp 49da8f7299af 12 minutes ago 9.98GB
	nginx lnmp 35a6404fcfa1 26 minutes ago 522MB
	centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 4 weeks ago 204MB

5. 启动镜像容器

	[root@docker php]# docker run -itd --name php --net mynetwork --ip 172.111.0.30 -p 9000:9000 --volumes-from nginx --volumes-from mysql php:lnmp
	954d8ecdd6c7d47270fe15ce4ad6db9c4a5396f42f9d111315ecee69358a9566
	[root@docker php]# docker ps -a
	CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
	954d8ecdd6c7 php:lnmp "/bin/sh -c '/usr/lo…" 15 seconds ago Up 14 seconds 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp php
	ebafbdc1c4dc mysql:lnmp "/usr/sbin/init" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 3306/tcp mysql
	57616d4ea225 nginx:lnmp "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 26 minutes ago Up 26 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx

6. 验证php

	[root@docker php]# docker exec -it php bash
	[root@954d8ecdd6c7 php-7.1.10]# ps -aux
	USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
	root 1 0.0 0.0 113028 9536 pts/0 Ss+ 06:00 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
	nginx 7 0.0 0.0 113028 5780 pts/0 S+ 06:00 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
	nginx 8 0.0 0.0 113028 5784 pts/0 S+ 06:00 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
	root 9 0.2 0.0 11828 1888 pts/1 Ss 06:01 0:00 bash
	root 23 0.0 0.0 51732 1728 pts/1 R+ 06:01 0:00 ps -aux

五、启动wordpress服务

1. mysql授权

	[root@ebafbdc1c4dc bin]# mysql -u root -p
	Enter password:
	#初始密码为空
	mysql> create database wordpress;
	Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
	mysql> grant all privileges on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'%' identified by '123456';
	Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
	mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
	Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
	mysql> flush privileges;
	Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

2. 浏览器访问测试

访问http://192.168.122.10/wordpress/index.php

3. 备份镜像至本地

	[root@docker php]# mkdir /opt/lnmp_images
	[root@docker php]# cd $?
	-bash: cd: 0: 没有那个文件或目录
	[root@docker php]# cd /opt/lnmp_images/
	[root@docker lnmp_images]# docker save -o nginx.tar nginx:lnmp
	[root@docker lnmp_images]# docker save -o mysql.tar mysql:lnmp
	[root@docker lnmp_images]# docker save -o php.tar php:lnmp

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