[1] 语法课形容词-副词-情态动词

[ 形容词 ]

Similar reasoning suggested that one could estimate total elapsed geologic time by dividing the average thickness of sediment ( transported annually to the oceans ) into the total thickness of sedimentary rock that had ever been deposited in the past.

elapse n. (时间的)消逝

divide into 除法

thickness of sediment ( transported annually to the oceans )

过去分词放在名词后面做后置定语

thickness of sedimentary rock that had ever been deposited in the past.

定语从句

Similar reasoning suggested that one ...

宾语从句

形容词修饰名词 ( 主语 | 谓语 )

副词修饰形容词 | 动词

定语 ( 形容词 | 分词 | 从句 )

形容词出现的位置 : 名词的左右

1. 前⾯：Similar reasoning

2. 后⾯：thickness of sediment transported annually to the oceans

You are pretty. You are ugly. You are pretty ugly.

常用功能

定语表语

状语: Unable to reply, he pretended not to hear me.

补⾜语: The Internet has made the global village possible.

感叹语

The public authorities made efforts to take bolder action to ensure the supply of fresh water from this parallel source and a number of projects were suggested during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries to channel river water and even to construct an aqueduct.

the supply of fresh water

a number of projects were suggested during ...

修饰 suggested 时间状语

[ 形容词比较级 ]

From this analysis of marine sediments, geologists have learned that there were many shorter, more regular cycles of glaciation and deglaciation than geologists had recognized from the glacial drift of the continents alone.

shorter, more regular ... than ...

比起 (后) ... 更 (前) ...

geologists had recognized from the glacial drift of the continents alone.

地质学家只从大陆的冰川漂流物中识别到

geologists have learned that there were many shorter, more regular cycles of glaciation and deglaciation

宾语从句

[ 副词 ]

Similar reasoning suggested that one could estimate total elapsed geologic time by dividing the average thickness of sediment transported annually to the oceans into the total thickness of sedimentary rock that had ever been deposited in the past.

副词出现的位置形容词、动词的左右

1. 修饰动词： by dividing；deposited in the past

2. 修饰形容词：You are pretty. You are ugly. You are pretty ugly.

3. 放句⾸：unfortunately等

功能

⼀般副词 (there等)

疑问副词 (when等)

连接副词 (how, where等)

关系副词 (as, why等)

解释性副词 (namely, for example, i.e., e.g.等)

As a result, Earth’s surface has been continually changed and eroded into delicate systems of river valleys—a remarkable contrast to the surfaces of other planetary bodies where impact craters dominate.

For most of our species’ history, we lived in small, widely dispersed, nomadic groups.

[ 情态动词 ]

情态构成：

情态动词（虚）+ 动词原形（实）

You can’t do it.

You must do it.

You may do it.

You needn’t do it.

The crude song of a bird reared in isolation gives some clues as to what this rough idea that may be the length, the frequency range and the breaking up into notes are all aspects of chaffinch song shared between normal birds and those reared in isolation.

reared v. 饲养;养育;抚养;培养;用后腿直立 rear的过去分词和过去式

The crude song of a bird reared in isolation

过去分词做后置定语

情态动词的两种用法

1. 基本用法

You must do me this honor, promise me you will survive…that you won’t give up.

帮我做到xxx

2. 推测⽤法【没有实际见到】

Look at that house! Those people must have a lot of money.

must

基本⽤法“必须” 否定“禁⽌”mustn’t 后⾯ + 实际意义的动词

推测⽤法“⼀定” 否定“不可能”can’t 后⾯ + be

You must be joking. You can’t be serious.

If a branch is not producing enough carbohydrate to cover its own running costs—i.e., it needs to be subsidized by other branches because, for example, it is being shaded and receives little light—it will usually be got rid of.

it needs to be subsidized it will usually be got rid of.

subsidized adj. 补贴的，补助的 subsidize的过去分词和过去式

rid v. 摆脱;消除;去掉

Because of this difference, foraging modes may alternate at successive levels in the food chain: insects that move about may be captured by lizards that are sit-and-wait foragers, and those lizards may be eaten by active predator s, whereas insects that are sedentary are more likely to be discovered by lizards that are active foragers, and those lizards may be caught by sit-and-wait predators.

foraging v. (尤指用手)搜寻(东西);觅(食) forage的现在分词

sedentary adj. 坐着的，（惯于）久坐不动的;定居的;（贝壳等）固定附着的，静止的

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