初探netCDF4——ECMWF学习笔记
from netCDF4 import Dataset
nc_obj = Dataset ( "2.nc" )
# 查看nc文件有些啥东西
print ( nc_obj )
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Dataset'>
root group (NETCDF3_64BIT_OFFSET data model, file format NETCDF3):Conventions: CF-1.6history: 2019-12-01 10:46:48 GMT by grib_to_netcdf-2.14.1: grib_to_netcdf /data/data03/scratch/a4/47/_mars-atls05-a562cefde8a29a7288fa0b8b7f9413f7-H8cgHC.grib -o /data/data01/scratch/77/2a/_grib2netcdf-atls12-95e2cf679cd58ee9b4db4dd119a05a8d-xCPWwr.nc -utimedimensions(sizes): longitude(411), latitude(181), time(249)variables(dimensions): float32 [4mlongitude[0m(longitude), float32 [4mlatitude[0m(latitude), int32 [4mtime[0m(time), int16 [4mu10[0m(time,latitude,longitude), int16 [4mv10[0m(time,latitude,longitude), int16 [4mt2m[0m(time,latitude,longitude), int16 [4md2m[0m(time,latitude,longitude), int16 [4mal[0m(time,latitude,longitude), int16 [4mfg10[0m(time,latitude,longitude), int16 [4mbld[0m(time,latitude,longitude), int16 [4mblh[0m(time,latitude,longitude)groups:
# 查看nc文件中的变量
print ( nc_obj.variables.keys() )
odict_keys(['longitude', 'latitude', 'time', 'u10', 'v10', 't2m', 'd2m', 'al', 'fg10', 'bld', 'blh'])
这里我们就发现nc_obj.variables类似于python中的字典结构,所以选取变量就简单多了
# 查看每个变量的信息
for i in nc_obj.variables.keys ():print("---------------------------------")print ( nc_obj.variables[i] )
---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
float32 longitude(longitude)units: degrees_eastlong_name: longitude
unlimited dimensions:
current shape = (411,)
filling on, default _FillValue of 9.969209968386869e+36 used---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
float32 latitude(latitude)units: degrees_northlong_name: latitude
unlimited dimensions:
current shape = (181,)
filling on, default _FillValue of 9.969209968386869e+36 used---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int32 time(time)units: hours since 1900-01-01 00:00:00.0long_name: timecalendar: gregorian
unlimited dimensions: time
current shape = (249,)
filling on, default _FillValue of -2147483647 used---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 u10(time, latitude, longitude)scale_factor: 0.0009272951431673736add_offset: -1.7788449952278338_FillValue: -32767missing_value: -32767units: m s**-1long_name: 10 metre U wind component
unlimited dimensions: time
current shape = (249, 181, 411)
filling on
---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 v10(time, latitude, longitude)scale_factor: 0.0010392589789417878add_offset: 0.7994910516628728_FillValue: -32767missing_value: -32767units: m s**-1long_name: 10 metre V wind component
unlimited dimensions: time
current shape = (249, 181, 411)
filling on
---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 t2m(time, latitude, longitude)scale_factor: 0.001968216609007461add_offset: 259.7936554790978_FillValue: -32767missing_value: -32767units: Klong_name: 2 metre temperature
unlimited dimensions: time
current shape = (249, 181, 411)
filling on
---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 d2m(time, latitude, longitude)scale_factor: 0.002020472251113585add_offset: 239.82672566475335_FillValue: -32767missing_value: -32767units: Klong_name: 2 metre dewpoint temperature
unlimited dimensions: time
current shape = (249, 181, 411)
filling on
---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 al(time, latitude, longitude)scale_factor: 6.4676328535098725e-06add_offset: 0.28191839132090235_FillValue: -32767missing_value: -32767units: (0 - 1)long_name: Albedostandard_name: surface_albedo
unlimited dimensions: time
current shape = (249, 181, 411)
filling on
---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 fg10(time, latitude, longitude)scale_factor: 0.0006845262936044095add_offset: 22.73808793886049_FillValue: -32767missing_value: -32767units: m s**-1long_name: 10 metre wind gust since previous post-processing
unlimited dimensions: time
current shape = (249, 181, 411)
filling on
---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 bld(time, latitude, longitude)scale_factor: 87.75322623464827add_offset: 2875361.3594556083_FillValue: -32767missing_value: -32767units: J m**-2long_name: Boundary layer dissipationstandard_name: kinetic_energy_dissipation_in_atmosphere_boundary_layer
unlimited dimensions: time
current shape = (249, 181, 411)
filling on
---------------------------------
<class 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 blh(time, latitude, longitude)scale_factor: 0.1570381308592232add_offset: 5152.502007763336_FillValue: -32767missing_value: -32767units: mlong_name: Boundary layer height
unlimited dimensions: time
current shape = (249, 181, 411)
filling on
# 查看每个变量的所有属性
for i in nc_obj.variables.keys ():print ( nc_obj.variables[i].ncattrs () )
print ( '---------------------------------------' )
['units', 'long_name']
['units', 'long_name']
['units', 'long_name', 'calendar']
['scale_factor', 'add_offset', '_FillValue', 'missing_value', 'units', 'long_name']
['scale_factor', 'add_offset', '_FillValue', 'missing_value', 'units', 'long_name']
['scale_factor', 'add_offset', '_FillValue', 'missing_value', 'units', 'long_name']
['scale_factor', 'add_offset', '_FillValue', 'missing_value', 'units', 'long_name']
['scale_factor', 'add_offset', '_FillValue', 'missing_value', 'units', 'long_name', 'standard_name']
['scale_factor', 'add_offset', '_FillValue', 'missing_value', 'units', 'long_name']
['scale_factor', 'add_offset', '_FillValue', 'missing_value', 'units', 'long_name', 'standard_name']
['scale_factor', 'add_offset', '_FillValue', 'missing_value', 'units', 'long_name']
---------------------------------------
# 查看每个变量的单位
for i in nc_obj.variables.keys ():print ( nc_obj.variables[i].units )
degrees_east
degrees_north
hours since 1900-01-01 00:00:00.0
m s**-1
m s**-1
K
K
(0 - 1)
m s**-1
J m**-2
m
# 查看每个变量的维数
for i in nc_obj.variables.keys ():print ( nc_obj.variables[i].ndim )
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
# 查看每个变量的形状(维度)
for i in nc_obj.variables.keys ():print ( nc_obj.variables[i].shape )
(411,)
(181,)
(249,)
(249, 181, 411)
(249, 181, 411)
(249, 181, 411)
(249, 181, 411)
(249, 181, 411)
(249, 181, 411)
(249, 181, 411)
(249, 181, 411)
#取出变量blh 10 metre U wind component(10米U风分量)
u10=nc_obj['u10'][:]
#print(u10)
import numpy as np
np.max(u10),np.min(u10)
(23.986977852820807, -20.62426418981837)
# 读取数据值
print ( "读取数据值" )
for i in nc_obj.variables.keys ():print ( '--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------' )print ( nc_obj.variables[i][:5] )
读取数据值
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[-180. -179.25 -178.5 -177.75 -177. ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[45. 44.25 43.5 42.75 42. ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1048224 0 0 0 0]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[[ 1.43330538 1.71705769 2.04624747 ... 4.2355913 4.506361494.75673117][ 1.15326225 1.4286689 1.80515073 ... 4.35706697 4.170680644.23466401][ 0.90011067 1.11802503 1.46576071 ... 4.15306204 3.707033073.77101644]...[ 3.95740276 3.97873055 4.00005834 ... 3.73763381 3.715378733.69219635][ 5.48002139 5.48929434 5.50042188 ... 3.63934053 3.685705283.73207004][ 1.57425424 1.57425424 1.57425424 ... 1.57425424 1.574254241.57425424]][[-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ]...[-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ]][[-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ]...[-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ]][[-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ]...[-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ]][[-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ]...[-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ][-1.778845 -1.778845 -1.778845 ... -1.778845 -1.778845-1.778845 ]]]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[[ 7.71368104 7.07141899 6.28989624 ... 0.47836003 1.659997491.97489296][ 7.42996334 6.8178398 6.22857996 ... 1.25260797 1.617387871.50203012][ 7.1192249 6.54971098 5.99994298 ... 1.65064416 1.755609311.65687971]...[ 1.71715673 1.81276856 1.90630186 ... -2.03352892 -1.97636968-1.91817118][-0.29173088 -0.24496422 -0.19715831 ... -4.00708173 -3.95511878-3.90107731][-5.88190492 -5.88190492 -5.88190492 ... -5.88190492 -5.88190492-5.88190492]][[ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105]...[ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105]][[ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105]...[ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105]][[ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105]...[ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105]][[ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105]...[ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105][ 0.79949105 0.79949105 0.79949105 ... 0.79949105 0.799491050.79949105]]]
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[[[287.71674451 287.55338253 287.31719654 ... 298.4513979 298.93164275298.32936847][288.24619478 288.04346847 287.99229484 ... 299.40598295 298.54587229296.91815716][289.0787504 288.74809001 288.76383575 ... 298.57539554 297.1012013295.42231254]...[210.20640623 210.29300776 210.37960929 ... 206.41758926 206.42546213206.43530321][209.65530558 209.69663813 209.7399389 ... 209.16521965 209.14160105209.11995066][211.01927969 211.01927969 211.01927969 ... 211.01927969 211.01927969211.01927969]][[259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548]...[259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548]][[259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548]...[259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548]][[259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548]...[259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548]][[259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548]...[259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548][259.79365548 259.79365548 259.79365548 ... 259.79365548 259.79365548259.79365548]]]
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[[[286.98656848 286.97646612 286.80674645 ... 292.86412226 293.18739782293.72282296][287.56644401 287.44319521 287.50785032 ... 294.20571583 294.82802128294.75528428][288.46757464 288.13419672 288.25542505 ... 296.15345108 295.95948575295.05835512]...[208.36797271 208.44070972 208.51142624 ... 203.09454014 203.07231494203.04604881][206.20606741 206.24445638 206.27880441 ... 205.11097145 205.08874625205.06854153][206.927376 206.927376 206.927376 ... 206.927376 206.927376206.927376 ]][[239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566]...[239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566]][[239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566]...[239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566]][[239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566]...[239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566]][[239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566]...[239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566][239.82672566 239.82672566 239.82672566 ... 239.82672566 239.82672566239.82672566]]]
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