DHCP服务

preparation：关闭vmware虚拟机的【使用本地DHCP服务将IP地址分配给虚拟机】
选项位置：编辑–>首选网络编辑器–>点击vmnet8网卡

Server端配置

[root@centos8 ~]#dnf install -y dhcp-server -y

注意：安装完不能直接启动，要写好配置文件再启动
安装完直接启动报错如下
没有声明子网

No subnet declaration for ens33 (10.0.0.5).
Aug 28 15:12:57 centos8 dhcpd[2901]: ** Ignoring requests on ens33.  If this is not what
Aug 28 15:12:57 centos8 dhcpd[2901]:   you want, please write a subnet declaration
Aug 28 15:12:57 centos8 dhcpd[2901]:   in your dhcpd.conf file for the network segment
Aug 28 15:12:57 centos8 dhcpd[2901]:   to which interface ens33 is attached. **
Aug 28 15:12:57 centos8 dhcpd[2901]:
Aug 28 15:12:57 centos8 dhcpd[2901]:
Aug 28 15:12:57 centos8 dhcpd[2901]: Not configured to listen on any interfaces!

配置文件

[root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confoption domain-name "magedu.org";
option domain-name-servers 223.5.5.5, 114.114.114.114;default-lease-time 86400;
max-lease-time 106400;subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {range 10.0.0.190 10.0.0.200;option routers 10.0.0.2;
}

启动

[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl start dhcpd
[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl status dhcpd
● dhcpd.service - DHCPv4 Server DaemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-08-28 15:20:57 CST; 6min agoDocs: man:dhcpd(8)man:dhcpd.conf(5)Main PID: 2931 (dhcpd)Status: "Dispatching packets..."Tasks: 1 (limit: 12117)Memory: 5.3MCGroup: /system.slice/dhcpd.service└─2931 /usr/sbin/dhcpd -f -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf -user dhcpd -group dhcpd --no-pidAug 28 15:20:57 centos8.magedu.org dhcpd[2931]: Source compiled to use binary-leases
Aug 28 15:20:57 centos8.magedu.org dhcpd[2931]: Wrote 0 class decls to leases file.
Aug 28 15:20:57 centos8.magedu.org dhcpd[2931]: Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file.
Aug 28 15:20:57 centos8.magedu.org dhcpd[2931]: Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file.
Aug 28 15:20:57 centos8.magedu.org dhcpd[2931]: Wrote 0 leases to leases file.
Aug 28 15:20:57 centos8.magedu.org dhcpd[2931]: Listening on LPF/ens33/00:0c:29:f6:1b:96/10.0.0.0/24
Aug 28 15:20:57 centos8.magedu.org dhcpd[2931]: Sending on   LPF/ens33/00:0c:29:f6:1b:96/10.0.0.0/24
Aug 28 15:20:57 centos8.magedu.org dhcpd[2931]: Sending on   Socket/fallback/fallback-net
Aug 28 15:20:57 centos8.magedu.org dhcpd[2931]: Server starting service.
Aug 28 15:20:57 centos8.magedu.org systemd[1]: Started DHCPv4 Server Daemon.

分配绑定地址

[root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confhost passip {hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:ef:11:53;fixed-address 10.0.0.20;
}[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl restart dhcpd

Client端测试

[root@centos8 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope hostvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:d4:08:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 10.0.0.190/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0valid_lft 86324sec preferred_lft 86324secinet6 fe80::94e4:805c:bde9:51eb/64 scope link noprefixroutevalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

服务端查看地址分配记录

[root@centos8 ~]#tail -f /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
# The format of this file is documented in the dhcpd.leases(5) manual page.
# This lease file was written by isc-dhcp-4.3.6# authoring-byte-order entry is generated, DO NOT DELETE
authoring-byte-order little-endian;server-duid "\000\001\000\001(\274\240Y\000\014)\366\033\226";lease 10.0.0.190 {starts 6 2021/08/28 07:32:52;ends 0 2021/08/29 07:32:52;cltt 6 2021/08/28 07:32:52;binding state active;next binding state free;rewind binding state free;hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:d4:08:f4;uid "\001\000\014)\324\010\364";client-hostname "centos8";
}
lease 10.0.0.191 {starts 6 2021/08/28 07:46:27;ends 0 2021/08/29 07:46:27;cltt 6 2021/08/28 07:46:27;binding state active;next binding state free;rewind binding state free;hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:ef:11:53;client-hostname "centos7";
}

注意：此处显示的时间为UTC时间，不是当地时间UTC+8才是当地时间
查看端口

[root@centos8 network-scripts]# ss -ntu
Netid          State          Recv-Q          Send-Q                     Local Address:Port                    Peer Address:Port           Process
udp            ESTAB          0               0                        10.0.0.190%eth0:68                          10.0.0.5:67

CentOS7中已经有地址重新获取地址并显示详细过程

[root@centos7 ~]#dhclient -d
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.5
Copyright 2004-2013 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/Listening on LPF/veth82e8c76/ba:05:f3:38:4b:22
Sending on   LPF/veth82e8c76/ba:05:f3:38:4b:22
Listening on LPF/docker0/02:42:a6:6b:d0:00
Sending on   LPF/docker0/02:42:a6:6b:d0:00
Listening on LPF/eno16777728/00:0c:29:ef:11:53
Sending on   LPF/eno16777728/00:0c:29:ef:11:53
Sending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on veth82e8c76 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7 (xid=0x3b2d6a9a)
DHCPDISCOVER on docker0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 5 (xid=0x60b565a3)
DHCPDISCOVER on eno16777728 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 5 (xid=0x4cc0cfc1)
DHCPDISCOVER on docker0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6 (xid=0x60b565a3)
DHCPDISCOVER on eno16777728 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 14 (xid=0x4cc0cfc1)
DHCPREQUEST on eno16777728 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x4cc0cfc1)
DHCPOFFER from 10.0.0.5
DHCPACK from 10.0.0.5 (xid=0x4cc0cfc1)
bound to 10.0.0.192 -- renewal in 38750 seconds.#查看IP地址
[root@centos7 ~]#ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWNlink/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope hostvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:ef:11:53 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 10.0.0.191/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eno16777728valid_lft 86232sec preferred_lft 86232secinet 10.0.0.192/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global secondary dynamic eno16777728valid_lft 86344sec preferred_lft 86344secinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feef:1153/64 scope link noprefixroutevalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

DHCP Client/Server 交互说明：

DHCPDISCOVER：客户端寻找发现DHCP信息
DHCPOFFER：DHCP 服务器对客户机提供信息
DHCPREQUEST：客户机接受 DHCP 服务器提供的信息
DHCPACK：DHCP 服务器应答客户机并租赁 IP 地址

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CentOS8 DHCP服务

DHCP服务

Server端配置

分配绑定地址

Client端测试

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