Python从网络接口爬取json天气预报数据绘制高温低温双折线图

实现一个功能，从网络上的天气预报接口读取天气预报中的json数据，json数据中包含高温和低温以及日期，然后把日期作为横坐标，高温和低温分别做两条折线绘制在同一张图上。
第一步，需要从网路接口中读取json天气预报数据并解析json中包含的高温、低温数据以及对应的日期。本例中的天气预报json数据接口：http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/101270101
读出来的json数据格式如下所示：

{"time": "2019-03-13 13:13:28","cityInfo": {"city": "成都市","cityId": "101270101","parent": "四川","updateTime": "12:39"},"date": "20190313","message": "Success !","status": 200,"data": {"shidu": "64%","pm25": 83.0,"pm10": 139.0,"quality": "轻度污染","wendu": "14","ganmao": "儿童、老年人及心脏、呼吸系统疾病患者人群应减少长时间或高强度户外锻炼","yesterday": {"date": "12","sunrise": "07:20","high": "高温 17.0℃","low": "低温 11.0℃","sunset": "19:09","aqi": 114.0,"ymd": "2019-03-12","week": "星期二","fx": "无持续风向","fl": "<3级","type": "阵雨","notice": "阵雨来袭，出门记得带伞"},"forecast": [{"date": "13","sunrise": "07:19","high": "高温 17.0℃","low": "低温 11.0℃","sunset": "19:10","aqi": 110.0,"ymd": "2019-03-13","week": "星期三","fx": "无持续风向","fl": "<3级","type": "阵雨","notice": "阵雨来袭，出门记得带伞"}, {"date": "14","sunrise": "07:17","high": "高温 18.0℃","low": "低温 11.0℃","sunset": "19:11","aqi": 58.0,"ymd": "2019-03-14","week": "星期四","fx": "无持续风向","fl": "<3级","type": "多云","notice": "阴晴之间，谨防紫外线侵扰"}, {"date": "15","sunrise": "07:16","high": "高温 14.0℃","low": "低温 9.0℃","sunset": "19:11","aqi": 66.0,"ymd": "2019-03-15","week": "星期五","fx": "无持续风向","fl": "<3级","type": "小雨","notice": "雨虽小，注意保暖别感冒"}, {"date": "16","sunrise": "07:15","high": "高温 12.0℃","low": "低温 10.0℃","sunset": "19:12","aqi": 52.0,"ymd": "2019-03-16","week": "星期六","fx": "无持续风向","fl": "<3级","type": "小雨","notice": "雨虽小，注意保暖别感冒"}, {"date": "17","sunrise": "07:14","high": "高温 14.0℃","low": "低温 10.0℃","sunset": "19:13","aqi": 65.0,"ymd": "2019-03-17","week": "星期日","fx": "无持续风向","fl": "<3级","type": "小雨","notice": "雨虽小，注意保暖别感冒"}, {"date": "18","sunrise": "07:13","high": "高温 15.0℃","low": "低温 11.0℃","sunset": "19:13","aqi": 69.0,"ymd": "2019-03-18","week": "星期一","fx": "无持续风向","fl": "<3级","type": "多云","notice": "阴晴之间，谨防紫外线侵扰"}, {"date": "19","sunrise": "07:11","high": "高温 14.0℃","low": "低温 9.0℃","sunset": "19:14","ymd": "2019-03-19","week": "星期二","fx": "无持续风向","fl": "<3级","type": "小雨","notice": "雨虽小，注意保暖别感冒"}, {"date": "20","sunrise": "07:10","high": "高温 17.0℃","low": "低温 6.0℃","sunset": "19:15","ymd": "2019-03-20","week": "星期三","fx": "东北风","fl": "<3级","type": "阴","notice": "不要被阴云遮挡住好心情"}, {"date": "21","sunrise": "07:09","high": "高温 17.0℃","low": "低温 7.0℃","sunset": "19:15","ymd": "2019-03-21","week": "星期四","fx": "东南风","fl": "<3级","type": "阴","notice": "不要被阴云遮挡住好心情"}, {"date": "22","sunrise": "07:08","high": "高温 18.0℃","low": "低温 10.0℃","sunset": "19:16","ymd": "2019-03-22","week": "星期五","fx": "东风","fl": "<3级","type": "小雨","notice": "雨虽小，注意保暖别感冒"}, {"date": "23","sunrise": "07:06","high": "高温 21.0℃","low": "低温 11.0℃","sunset": "19:16","ymd": "2019-03-23","week": "星期六","fx": "东南风","fl": "<3级","type": "多云","notice": "阴晴之间，谨防紫外线侵扰"}, {"date": "24","sunrise": "07:05","high": "高温 19.0℃","low": "低温 12.0℃","sunset": "19:17","ymd": "2019-03-24","week": "星期日","fx": "东北风","fl": "<3级","type": "小雨","notice": "雨虽小，注意保暖别感冒"}, {"date": "25","sunrise": "07:04","high": "高温 18.0℃","low": "低温 12.0℃","sunset": "19:18","ymd": "2019-03-25","week": "星期一","fx": "东北风","fl": "<3级","type": "小雨","notice": "雨虽小，注意保暖别感冒"}, {"date": "26","sunrise": "07:03","high": "高温 20.0℃","low": "低温 12.0℃","sunset": "19:18","ymd": "2019-03-26","week": "星期二","fx": "东风","fl": "<3级","type": "小雨","notice": "雨虽小，注意保暖别感冒"}, {"date": "27","sunrise": "07:02","high": "高温 20.0℃","low": "低温 13.0℃","sunset": "19:19","ymd": "2019-03-27","week": "星期三","fx": "东南风","fl": "<3级","type": "阴","notice": "不要被阴云遮挡住好心情"}]}
}

第二步，高温，低温，日期数据具备后，开始绘制折线图。
程序代码如下所示：

import json
import urllib.request
import matplotlib
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from datetime import datetimedef get_weather_json_data():#101270101，天气预报中成都的代码。url = "http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/101270101"response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)content = response.read().decode('utf-8')return contentdef get_forecast_data(content):data = content["data"]return data["forecast"]#清洗数据。过滤℃
def get_pure_temperature(temp):a, b = temp.split()return b.strip().strip("℃")def make_chart(high, low, date_time):matplotlib.rc('font', family='SimHei', weight='bold')plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = Falsex = range(len(date_time))plt.plot(x, low, ms=10,marker='*', color='blue', alpha=0.5, label="低温")plt.plot(x, high, ms=10,marker='o', color='red', alpha=0.5, label="高温")plt.fill_between(x, low, high, facecolor='gray', alpha=0.1)plt.title("2019年3月 - 温度变化", fontsize=15)plt.xticks(x, date_time, rotation=20)plt.xlabel('日期')plt.ylabel('温度')plt.grid()  # 显示网格plt.legend()plt.show()content = json.loads(get_weather_json_data())
data = get_forecast_data(content)high, low, date_time = [], [], []
for obj in data:h = obj["high"]high.append(get_pure_temperature(h))l = obj["low"]low.append(get_pure_temperature(l))date_time.append(obj["ymd"])#取得高温低温和日期，开始绘折线图。
make_chart(high, low, date_time)

运行结果如图：

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Python从网络接口爬取json天气预报数据绘制高温低温双折线图

Python从网络接口爬取json天气预报数据绘制高温低温双折线图

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