1、简介

Nmap，也就是Network Mapper，是Linux下的网络扫描和嗅探工具包。它由Fyodor编写并维护。由于Nmap品质卓越，使用灵活，它已经是***测试人员必备的工具。

其基本功能有三个：

(1)是扫描主机端口，嗅探所提供的网络服务

(2)是探测一组主机是否在线

(3)还可以推断主机所用的操作系统，到达主机经过的路由，系统已开放端口的软件版本

2、安装[root@redis-120-20 ~]# yum install nmap

3、Nmap命令常用格式[root@redis-120-20 ~]# man nmap

-sS: TCP SYN 扫描 (又称半开放,或隐身扫描)

-P0: 允许你关闭 ICMP pings.

-sV: 打开系统版本检测

-O: 尝试识别远程操作系统

-A: 同时打开操作系统指纹和版本检测

-v: 详细输出扫描情况.

4、扫描出其对外开放的服务[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:35 CST

Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)

Host is up (0.00019s latency).

Not shown: 998closed ports

PORT   STATE SERVICE

22/tcp open  ssh

80/tcp open http

MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)

Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.16 seconds

# 可以看出只开放了22端口和80端口

5、nmap -p 端口 IP(域名)，判断ip是否开放指定端口[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 80 172.17.120.11

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:37 CST

Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)

Host is up (0.00037s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE

80/tcp open http

MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)

Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.09 seconds

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 8080 172.17.120.11

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:38 CST

Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)

Host is up (0.00039s latency).

PORT     STATE SERVICE

8080/tcp closed http-proxy

MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)

Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.10 seconds

# 可以看出80端口开放，8080端口没有开放

6、在网络寻找所有在线主机[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sP 172.17.120.*

[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sP 172.17.120.0/24

7、增加端口和网段[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 443,22,80 172.17.120.11

[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 443,22,80 172.17.120.11-14

8、扫描地址段是排除某个IP地址[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11-14 --exclude 172.17.120.13

9、扫描多个地址时排除文件里的IP地址[root@redis-120-20 ~]# cat ex.txt

172.17.120.11

172.17.120.14

[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11-14 --excludefile ex.txt

10、在某段子网上查找未占用的 IP[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -T4 -sP 172.17.120.0/24 && egrep “00:00:00:00:00:00″ /proc/net/arp

11、服务版本识别(-sV)，Nmap可以在进行端口扫描的时候检测服务端软件的版本信息[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sV 172.17.120.11 -p 80

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:42 CST

Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)

Host is up (0.00041s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION

80/tcp open http   nginx 1.16.1

MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .

Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in17.21 seconds

12、操作系统检测(-O)，Nmap还能识别目标主机的操作系统[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -O 172.17.120.11

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:44 CST

Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)

Host is up (0.00037s latency).

Not shown: 998closed ports

PORT   STATE SERVICE

22/tcp open  ssh

80/tcp open http

MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)

No exact OS matches forhost (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).

TCP/IP fingerprint:

OS:SCAN(V=6.40%E=4%D=3/26%OT=22%CT=1%CU=34467%PV=Y%DS=1%DC=D%G=Y%M=02001F%T

OS:M=5E7CB1E6%P=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=10C%TI=Z%TS=U)

OS:SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=10C%TI=Z%II=I%TS=U)OPS(O1=M5B4NNSNW9%O2=M5B4NNSNW9%

OS:O3=M5B4NW9%O4=M5B4NNSNW9%O5=M5B4NNSNW9%O6=M5B4NNS)WIN(W1=7210%W2=7210%W3

OS:=7210%W4=7210%W5=7210%W6=7210)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=7210%O=M5B4NNSNW9%CC=Y

OS:%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=4

OS:0%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%

OS:Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%

OS:A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%

OS:RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=S)

Network Distance: 1hop

OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .

Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in22.89 seconds

13、找到目标主机开放了哪些 UDP端口。为提高扫描速度，我们仅扫描 53端口 (DNS)和161端口(SNMP)[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sU 172.17.120.11 -p 53,161

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2622:01 CST

Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)

Host is up (0.00044s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE

53/udp closed domain

161/udp closed snmp

MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)

Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.09 seconds

14、启用Nmap的-6选项即可扫描IPv6的目标主机[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -6fe80::a00:27ff:fe43:1518

15、在局域网上扫找 Conficker 蠕虫病毒[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -PN -T4 -p139,445 -n -v –script=smb-check-vulns –script-args safe=1 172.17.120.1-254

16、扫描网络上的恶意接入点 (rogue APs)[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -A -p1-85,113,443,8080-8100 -T4 –min-hostgroup 50 –max-rtt-timeout 2000 –initial-rtt timeout 300 –max-retries 3 –host-timeout 20m –max-scan-delay 1000 -oA wapscan 172.17.120.0/24

17、使用诱饵扫描方法来扫描主机端口[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sS 172.17.120.12 -D 172.17.120.20

18、显示网络上共有多少台 Linux 及 Win 设备[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -F -O 172.17.120.0-255 | grep “Running: ” > /tmp/os; echo “$(cat /tmp/os | grep Linux \| wc -l) Linux device(s)”; echo “$(cat /tmp/os | grep Windows | wc -l) Window(s) device”