音频界的瑞士军刀 --- SoX - Sound eXchange 国外开源音频处理软件介绍（一）

今天我给大家介绍一款自称是音频处理界的瑞士军刀的一款开源软件，SoX - Sound eXchange。引用主页上介绍的原话：

Welcome to the home of SoX, the Swiss Army knife of sound processing programs.

该软件的主页是http://sox.sourceforge.net/，文章介绍不详细的地方大家可以翻阅其主页。

SoX是一个跨平台(Windows, Linux, MacOS X, etc.)命令行程序，用于各种格式的转换，播放和各种音频格式，以及给音频加入特效。下图是一个运行的实例。

接下来，到了解剖这个瑞士军刀的时候了！

一、软件支持各种常见的音频格式，这也是该软件的一大卖点。

Raw files in various binary formats
Raw textual data
Amiga 8svx files
Apple/SGI AIFF files
SUN .au files
- PCM, u-law, A-law
- G7xx ADPCM files (read only)
- mutant DEC .au files
- NeXT .snd files
AVR files
CDDA (Compact Disc Digital Audio format)
CVS and VMS files (continuous variable slope)
Grandstream ring-tone files
GSM files
HTK files
LPC-10 files
Macintosh HCOM files
Amiga MAUD files
AMR-WB & AMR-NB (with optional libamrwb & libamrnb libraries)
MP2/MP3 (with optional libmad, libtwolame and libmp3lame libraries)
MP4, AAC, AC3, WAVPACK, AMR-NB files (with optional ffmpeg library)
AVI, WMV, Ogg Theora, MPEG video files (with optional ffmpeg library)

Ogg Vorbis files (with optional Ogg Vorbis libraries)
FLAC files (with optional libFLAC)
IRCAM SoundFile files
NIST SPHERE files
Turtle beach SampleVision files
Sounder & Soundtool (DOS) files
Yamaha TX-16W sampler files
SoundBlaster .VOC files
Dialogic/OKI ADPCM files (.VOX)
Microsoft .WAV files
- PCM, floating point
- u-law, A-law, MS ADPCM, IMA (DMI) ADPCM
- GSM
- RIFX (big endian)
WavPack files (with optional libwavpack library)
Psion (palmtop) A-law WVE files and Record voice notes
Maxis XA Audio files
- EA ADPCM (read support only, for now)
Pseudo formats that allow direct playing/recording from most audio devices
The "null" pseudo-file that reads and writes from/to nowhere

二、常见的音效和音频处理

音调/滤波特效
- 全通: RBJ all-pass biquad IIR filter
- 带通: RBJ band-pass biquad IIR filter
- 带阻: RBJ band-reject biquad IIR filter
- 通带: SPKit resonator band-pass IIR filter
- 低音: Tone control: RBJ shelving biquad IIR filter
- 高音: Tone control: RBJ shelving biquad IIR filter
- 均衡: RBJ peaking equalisation biquad IIR filter
- FFTFIR滤波: FFT convolution FIR filter using given freq. response (W.I.P.)
- 高通: High-pass filter: Single pole or RBJ biquad IIR
- 希尔伯特滤波器: Hilbert transform filter (90 degrees phase shift)
- 低通: Low-pass filter: single pole or RBJ biquad IIR
- sinc滤波器: Sinc-windowed low/high-pass/band-pass/reject FIR
附加特效
- 合唱: Make a single instrument sound like many
- 延时: Delay one or more channels
- 回声: Add an echo
- 多回声: Add a sequence of echos
- 法兰效应: Stereo flanger
- 过载: Non-linear distortion
- 相移: Phase shifter
- 重复: Loop the audio a number of times
- 混响: Add reverberation
- 翻转: Reverse the audio (to search for Satanic messages ;-)
- 颤音: Sinusoidal volume modulation
音量幅度特效
- 幅度变化: Signal level compression/expansion/limiting
- 对比化: Phase contrast volume enhancement
- 去直流: Apply or remove DC offset
- 淡入淡出: Apply a fade-in and/or fade-out to the audio
- 增益变化: Apply gain or attenuation; normalise/equalise/balance/headroom
- 响度控制: Gain control with ISO 226 loudness compensation
- 多带幅度变化: Multi-band compression/expansion/limiting
- 归一化: Normalise to 0dB (or other)
- 音量调节: Adjust audio volume
编辑特效
- 拉长: Pad (usually) the ends of the audio with silence
- 去除静音: Remove portions of silence from the audio
- 结合: Perform the equivalent of a cross-faded tape splice
- 裁剪: Cuts portions out of the audio
- VAD: Voice activity detector
混音特效
- 声道混音: Auto mix or duplicate to change number of channels
- 分声道: Divide sample values by those in the 1st channel (W.I.P.)
- 任意输出混音: Produce arbitrarily mixed output channels
- 翻转声道: Swap stereo channels
音调节拍特效
- 弯曲声调: Bend pitch at given times without changing tempo
- 变调: Adjust pitch (= key) without changing tempo
- 变速: Adjust pitch & tempo together
- 拉伸压缩: Adjust tempo without changing pitch (simple alg.)
- 变节拍: Adjust tempo without changing pitch (WSOLA alg.)
高级特效
- 加入噪声: Add dither noise to increase quantisation SNR
- 重采样: Change audio sampling rate
特殊滤波器和混音器
- 去加重: ISO 908 CD de-emphasis (shelving) IIR filter
- 耳机增强: Process CD audio to best effect for headphone use
- 去噪声: Filter out noise from the audio
- 卡拉ok效应: Out Of Phase Stereo (or `Karaoke') effect
- RIAA: RIAA vinyl playback equalisation
分析
- 噪声分析: Produce a DFT profile of the audio (use with noisered)
- 频谱分析: graph signal level vs. frequency & time (needs `libpng')
- 状态分析: Enumerate audio peak & RMS levels, approx. freq., etc.
- 多声道状态: Multichannel aware `stat'
多方面效应
- LADSPA : Apply LADSPA plug-in effects e.g. CMT (Computer Music Toolkit)
- 合成声音: Synthesise/modulate audio tones or noise signals
- 新文件: Create a new output file when an effects chain ends.
- 重试: Restart 1st effects chain when multiple chains exist.
低音量处理特效
- 滤波: 2nd-order IIR filter using externally provided coefficients
- 降采样: Reduce sample rate by discarding samples
- fir滤波: FFT convolution FIR filter using externally provided coefficients
- 升采样: Increase sample rate by zero stuffing

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