当make执行遇到 Arguments too long

1. 问题

Ubuntu20.04上make编译生成so的时候报错：

make[1]:execvp:/bin/sh:Arguments too long

对应makefile中的报错位置，仅仅是生成so的时候报错，伪代码如下

${build_tool} -shared -fpic -o "$@" ${OBJ_FILE} ${LDFLAGS}

然而如果不通过make执行，将后面的参数打印出来后，直接用交叉编译链执行是可以的，所以怀疑方向是在make

2. 分析：

（1）查看系统命令缓冲区大小，通过命令

xargs --show-limits

执行结果：

同时我也将这个库的合包段参数打出来看，确实很多，达到了 262 822（超过了系统命令缓冲区的大小: 131072）

（2）进行一系列查询，到了ubuntu官方去查询，在make的changelog中又有找到类似问题的修复说明：

进一步在4.1的新版本4.1.9中的diff里找到有对应的修复4.1.9-diff，但4.2.1的版本里却没看到相关补丁内容，看起来是没有合到4.2.1中，那接下来尝试回退版本试试

3. 更新make版本实验验证

搭建虚拟机，匹配到Ubuntu 20.04，先用安装make V4.2.1版本进行编译复现问题，再降级到补丁的make版本进行编译观察是否解决
####（1）make V4.2.1版本安装：装虚拟机后再 apt安装make即可

确认安装后Make版本一致，均为4.2.1，接下来进行make编译

编译结果现象一致

（2）补丁版本降级安装：

下载补丁版本：

https://mirrors.tscak.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/make-dfsg/

下载对应的deb，我的安装包：

ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso，uname -a

也看得到

root@ubuntu:~/make-4.1.9# uname -a Linux ubuntu 5.15.0-60-generic #66~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jan 25 09:41:30 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

所以下载：make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

下载到了直接编译好的deb，然后进行安装（中间遇到两次报错也记录了出来，也可以直接看最后一次正确安装）

root@ubuntu:~/make-4.1.9# sudo apt install make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

报错：

Unable to locate package make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

注意：（1）一定找对目录，到存在deb文件目录（2）要安装的文件需要真的在这个文件夹下，然后以相对路径去执行，即加上 ./

root@ubuntu:~/make-4.1.9# sudo apt install -y ./make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'make' instead of './make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb'
Suggested packages:
make-doc
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
make
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 0 to remove and 238 not upgraded.
E: Packages were downgraded and -y was used without --allow-downgrades.

报错：

Packages were downgraded and -y was used without --allow-downgrades.

正确安装：由于包已经下在本地了，所以不需要-y，去掉后重新装一次：

root@ubuntu:~/make-4.1.9# sudo apt install  ./make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'make' instead of './make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb'
Suggested packages:
make-doc
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
make
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 0 to remove and 238 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/154 kB of archives.
After this operation, 12.3 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 /root/make-4.1.9/make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb make amd64 4.1-9.1ubuntu1 [154 kB]
dpkg: warning: downgrading make from 4.2.1-1.2 to 4.1-9.1ubuntu1
(Reading database ... 238557 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking make (4.1-9.1ubuntu1) over (4.2.1-1.2) ...
Setting up make (4.1-9.1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
N: Download is performed unsandboxed as root as file '/root/make-4.1.9/make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
root@ubuntu:~/make-4.1.9# make --version
GNU Make 4.1
Built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Copyright (C) 1988-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
root@ubuntu:~/make-4.1.9#

这里就能看到，原本是 4.2.1-1.2 降级到了 4.1-9。接下来再进行make，就能通过了