openssl简介

OpenSSL 是一个开源项目，其组成主要包括一下三个组件：

openssl：多用途的命令行工具

libcrypto：加密算法库

libssl：加密模块应用库，实现了ssl及tls

openssl可以实现：密钥证书管理、对称加密和非对称加密等，想了解更多搜索查看官网。接下来主要围绕openssl生成RSA格式及pkcs1与pkcs8格式互相转换。

配置RSA密钥

支付宝配置密钥

生成命令使用说明：

RSA密钥生成命令

生成RSA私钥

openssl>genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024

生成RSA公钥

openssl>rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem

将RSA私钥转换成PKCS8格式

openssl>pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out pkcs8.pem

注意：“>”符号后面的才是需要输入的命令。

具体操作：

openssl默认使用的是PEM格式，经过base64。

生成pem格式的私钥：

openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 1024

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 1024

Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus

............................++++++

..................................................++++++

e is 65537 (0x10001)

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# ls

private_key.pem

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# cat private_key.pem

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

MIICXgIBAAKBgQDH2m9FfHSMZlT1t0PfQDCNHIzvnbhq6+WlxEWTHETVKe3wHR/E

7TgqIYVRU0M1X2Jb7AKtopqer2PqS+AnTC1dUWDtxcYWdvIaYAgTEyhlvaEpX8kc

g2TW+X1VfJuw02nbimfGPcRQFVrJW2UJkAuF3jVyhy0wnfovclcEEPmaWwIDAQAB

AoGBAIY/NdWQV13kc5em5oG1xadUkVt4L+Qq19V1NWMvbxFdnAZaGfgXfU3XvI03

iAL3MsQakmX+vyxvFofRNh5Prnw7sQVu0EIH4LLDb4M7xjxQJMhwsHC6hqzYjDr2

a5UCwEggg1UTidt3a7cZgO3RGocsM0b1RF1b77fDDjgpyGdZAkEA7RcSX0ZrvX+J

u6iGylQcaJV56r4vlXqzusjn4drgLOizFLF/QkQp/MqN9zqCOvZioPv4pzNaYsBS

Wj/gOnLvHQJBANfLDqB+sljmeXlJiKX6sejWQKElOZcvasgR0/b0dPGVBfWzXEc5

ypfTpNd/Z5NfU1xtCziht2LWnNCZYWWmndcCQQCSwPM4UiiidW1V4Sz91C55dfyv

FuXxSrAxb+ZIYOjeI3Ol3XB+Hh83QFG7tFWkFZpbN1xkcl8CPTU8c8lhpH7pAkEA

zK1T7VTessXAOBNQIiZbsv3tBSu6qTSXcra+NsF9Xlq78WUzRHeDOmjLNH8qbbT/

622eNBPnTj9DM/QXVoQntwJAAjNM2+FpeC+hJvyBFCk2bSt17pmJGTfiFDgn6/zK

cTvmQC1kIb524j1hLp15ZLneBB4lhpB0mFWJsaaXioWloA==

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

生成公钥：

openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -pubout -out public_key.pem

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -pubout -out public_key.pem

writing RSA key

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# ls

private_key.pem public_key.pem

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# cat public_key.pem

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----

MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDH2m9FfHSMZlT1t0PfQDCNHIzv

nbhq6+WlxEWTHETVKe3wHR/E7TgqIYVRU0M1X2Jb7AKtopqer2PqS+AnTC1dUWDt

xcYWdvIaYAgTEyhlvaEpX8kcg2TW+X1VfJuw02nbimfGPcRQFVrJW2UJkAuF3jVy

hy0wnfovclcEEPmaWwIDAQAB

-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

pkcs8格式私钥

某些语言需要pkcs8格式的私钥。 (php就不需要了)

使用openssl将刚才生成的私钥转为pkcs#8格式：

openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out private_key_pkcs8.pem

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out private_key_pkcs8.pem

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]#

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# ls

private_key.pem private_key_pkcs8.pem public_key.pem

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# cat private_key_pkcs8.pem

-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----

MIICeAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmIwggJeAgEAAoGBAMfab0V8dIxmVPW3

Q99AMI0cjO+duGrr5aXERZMcRNUp7fAdH8TtOCohhVFTQzVfYlvsAq2imp6vY+pL

4CdMLV1RYO3FxhZ28hpgCBMTKGW9oSlfyRyDZNb5fVV8m7DTaduKZ8Y9xFAVWslb

ZQmQC4XeNXKHLTCd+i9yVwQQ+ZpbAgMBAAECgYEAhj811ZBXXeRzl6bmgbXFp1SR

W3gv5CrX1XU1Yy9vEV2cBloZ+Bd9Tde8jTeIAvcyxBqSZf6/LG8Wh9E2Hk+ufDux

BW7QQgfgssNvgzvGPFAkyHCwcLqGrNiMOvZrlQLASCCDVROJ23drtxmA7dEahywz

RvVEXVvvt8MOOCnIZ1kCQQDtFxJfRmu9f4m7qIbKVBxolXnqvi+VerO6yOfh2uAs

6LMUsX9CRCn8yo33OoI69mKg+/inM1piwFJaP+A6cu8dAkEA18sOoH6yWOZ5eUmI

pfqx6NZAoSU5ly9qyBHT9vR08ZUF9bNcRznKl9Ok139nk19TXG0LOKG3Ytac0Jlh

Zaad1wJBAJLA8zhSKKJ1bVXhLP3ULnl1/K8W5fFKsDFv5khg6N4jc6XdcH4eHzdA

Ubu0VaQVmls3XGRyXwI9NTxzyWGkfukCQQDMrVPtVN6yxcA4E1AiJluy/e0FK7qp

NJdytr42wX1eWrvxZTNEd4M6aMs0fypttP/rbZ40E+dOP0Mz9BdWhCe3AkACM0zb

4Wl4L6Em/IEUKTZtK3XumYkZN+IUOCfr/MpxO+ZALWQhvnbiPWEunXlkud4EHiWG

kHSYVYmxppeKhaWg

-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

pkcs1与pkcs8格式互相转换

传统私钥格式转PKCS8在文中上面已经给出 ，这里主要是PKCS8格式私钥转换为PKCS1(传统私钥格式)

命令：openssl rsa -in pkcs8.pem -out pri_key.pem

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# openssl rsa -in private_key_pkcs8.pem -out pri_key.pem

writing RSA key

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# cat pri_key.pem

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

MIICXgIBAAKBgQDH2m9FfHSMZlT1t0PfQDCNHIzvnbhq6+WlxEWTHETVKe3wHR/E

7TgqIYVRU0M1X2Jb7AKtopqer2PqS+AnTC1dUWDtxcYWdvIaYAgTEyhlvaEpX8kc

g2TW+X1VfJuw02nbimfGPcRQFVrJW2UJkAuF3jVyhy0wnfovclcEEPmaWwIDAQAB

AoGBAIY/NdWQV13kc5em5oG1xadUkVt4L+Qq19V1NWMvbxFdnAZaGfgXfU3XvI03

iAL3MsQakmX+vyxvFofRNh5Prnw7sQVu0EIH4LLDb4M7xjxQJMhwsHC6hqzYjDr2

a5UCwEggg1UTidt3a7cZgO3RGocsM0b1RF1b77fDDjgpyGdZAkEA7RcSX0ZrvX+J

u6iGylQcaJV56r4vlXqzusjn4drgLOizFLF/QkQp/MqN9zqCOvZioPv4pzNaYsBS

Wj/gOnLvHQJBANfLDqB+sljmeXlJiKX6sejWQKElOZcvasgR0/b0dPGVBfWzXEc5

ypfTpNd/Z5NfU1xtCziht2LWnNCZYWWmndcCQQCSwPM4UiiidW1V4Sz91C55dfyv

FuXxSrAxb+ZIYOjeI3Ol3XB+Hh83QFG7tFWkFZpbN1xkcl8CPTU8c8lhpH7pAkEA

zK1T7VTessXAOBNQIiZbsv3tBSu6qTSXcra+NsF9Xlq78WUzRHeDOmjLNH8qbbT/

622eNBPnTj9DM/QXVoQntwJAAjNM2+FpeC+hJvyBFCk2bSt17pmJGTfiFDgn6/zK

cTvmQC1kIb524j1hLp15ZLneBB4lhpB0mFWJsaaXioWloA==

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]#

根据结果可知和上面生成的私钥是一致的

加解密demo代码

PHP版

$pri = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

MIICXgIBAAKBgQDH2m9FfHSMZlT1t0PfQDCNHIzvnbhq6+WlxEWTHETVKe3wHR/E

7TgqIYVRU0M1X2Jb7AKtopqer2PqS+AnTC1dUWDtxcYWdvIaYAgTEyhlvaEpX8kc

g2TW+X1VfJuw02nbimfGPcRQFVrJW2UJkAuF3jVyhy0wnfovclcEEPmaWwIDAQAB

AoGBAIY/NdWQV13kc5em5oG1xadUkVt4L+Qq19V1NWMvbxFdnAZaGfgXfU3XvI03

iAL3MsQakmX+vyxvFofRNh5Prnw7sQVu0EIH4LLDb4M7xjxQJMhwsHC6hqzYjDr2

a5UCwEggg1UTidt3a7cZgO3RGocsM0b1RF1b77fDDjgpyGdZAkEA7RcSX0ZrvX+J

u6iGylQcaJV56r4vlXqzusjn4drgLOizFLF/QkQp/MqN9zqCOvZioPv4pzNaYsBS

Wj/gOnLvHQJBANfLDqB+sljmeXlJiKX6sejWQKElOZcvasgR0/b0dPGVBfWzXEc5

ypfTpNd/Z5NfU1xtCziht2LWnNCZYWWmndcCQQCSwPM4UiiidW1V4Sz91C55dfyv

FuXxSrAxb+ZIYOjeI3Ol3XB+Hh83QFG7tFWkFZpbN1xkcl8CPTU8c8lhpH7pAkEA

zK1T7VTessXAOBNQIiZbsv3tBSu6qTSXcra+NsF9Xlq78WUzRHeDOmjLNH8qbbT/

622eNBPnTj9DM/QXVoQntwJAAjNM2+FpeC+hJvyBFCk2bSt17pmJGTfiFDgn6/zK

cTvmQC1kIb524j1hLp15ZLneBB4lhpB0mFWJsaaXioWloA==

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";

$pub = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----

MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDH2m9FfHSMZlT1t0PfQDCNHIzv

nbhq6+WlxEWTHETVKe3wHR/E7TgqIYVRU0M1X2Jb7AKtopqer2PqS+AnTC1dUWDt

xcYWdvIaYAgTEyhlvaEpX8kcg2TW+X1VfJuw02nbimfGPcRQFVrJW2UJkAuF3jVy

hy0wnfovclcEEPmaWwIDAQAB

-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";

$data = "message";

echo "\n
\n";

openssl_public_encrypt($data, $crypted, $pub);

echo base64_encode($crypted);

echo "\n
\n";

openssl_private_decrypt($crypted, $decrypted, $pri);

echo $decrypted;

?>

Java版

import java.security.KeyFactory;

import java.security.PublicKey;

import sun.misc.*;

import java.security.PrivateKey;

import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;

import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;

public class TestRSA {

public static String PRIVATE_KEY = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----" + "\n" +

"MIICXAIBAAKBgQCd3V5+GjpOwqNks9ProDGaZT2qURAAuAodHcUM3P1mnhOh4l4u" + "\n" +

"VdvkXunUI7K6XDg6Xu9eL1WDQc6qKXs/OD91LS+RpkIAb2gMU8hGrNfR34izZh36" + "\n" +

"KdfWnEQpniAiFsHsg2ddAaPtGZZ8/jpjuPq32IVZJkgyKcWqnz5aL3FMXQIDAQAB" + "\n" +

"AoGAJFdkvGTvTVhTYwhe3dxn7uIlmwLES1YSxfcneLmbADedz2OcSNBtKZqL+9Eo" + "\n" +

"AOzf6NgYBLei2O+aUuPvwnMBcGyijFmRoZGVEj70UP0mngyAkvY/juA60QDe5kY5" + "\n" +

"rsqj4raHUf4iDK85nNwzXu7hIlPAn+ZmH+e2Eekwo1rmgQUCQQDJerucfBKk3qrV" + "\n" +

"xS5NRW99lKMomIsMH55Si+rbrnk8aU3SSRSD6uil3Dytv0erLZbc9d0Nr6SmBZgO" + "\n" +

"0qzOjXDDAkEAyJVGgHMNuMbpHnim93HAP7wcejmMx7rP4zutw4OCiHrWv3kN8WUC" + "\n" +

"u826taRFtOuiXhQ3X8+tb0l4ifae+vJ8XwJAEcmuKqChnMCz4G+qKNRKhZHL3dep" + "\n" +

"3wYjmjIUKBT9SyIY5sng78ybgZkyGjza/Pfna9ahD4ZESQwRYq2i6BGAtQJBAJyD" + "\n" +

"bmnYXQKro0e1mYNHbV3OKOJueZ139bM35BTFT1uzjlIF4Y1U5lco5uHJduL/YsjK" + "\n" +

"OZM3d/t4duggWlkyUT0CQBdsjc7eQ9roxphrW4Q/6Zwi0EQ4xxM4SgxPY1RvkKFu" + "\n" +

"i0HdYBj5KRdIbrAbisUyQeKzB7+6oTJH5+kZAU/pxao=" + "\n" +

"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";

public static String PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS8 = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----" + "\n" +

"MIICdgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmAwggJcAgEAAoGBAJ3dXn4aOk7Co2Sz" + "\n" +

"0+ugMZplPapREAC4Ch0dxQzc/WaeE6HiXi5V2+Re6dQjsrpcODpe714vVYNBzqop" + "\n" +

"ez84P3UtL5GmQgBvaAxTyEas19HfiLNmHfop19acRCmeICIWweyDZ10Bo+0Zlnz+" + "\n" +

"OmO4+rfYhVkmSDIpxaqfPlovcUxdAgMBAAECgYAkV2S8ZO9NWFNjCF7d3Gfu4iWb" + "\n" +

"AsRLVhLF9yd4uZsAN53PY5xI0G0pmov70SgA7N/o2BgEt6LY75pS4+/CcwFwbKKM" + "\n" +

"WZGhkZUSPvRQ/SaeDICS9j+O4DrRAN7mRjmuyqPitodR/iIMrzmc3DNe7uEiU8Cf" + "\n" +

"5mYf57YR6TCjWuaBBQJBAMl6u5x8EqTeqtXFLk1Fb32UoyiYiwwfnlKL6tuueTxp" + "\n" +

"TdJJFIPq6KXcPK2/R6stltz13Q2vpKYFmA7SrM6NcMMCQQDIlUaAcw24xukeeKb3" + "\n" +

"ccA/vBx6OYzHus/jO63Dg4KIeta/eQ3xZQK7zbq1pEW066JeFDdfz61vSXiJ9p76" + "\n" +

"8nxfAkARya4qoKGcwLPgb6oo1EqFkcvd16nfBiOaMhQoFP1LIhjmyeDvzJuBmTIa" + "\n" +

"PNr89+dr1qEPhkRJDBFiraLoEYC1AkEAnINuadhdAqujR7WZg0dtXc4o4m55nXf1" + "\n" +

"szfkFMVPW7OOUgXhjVTmVyjm4cl24v9iyMo5kzd3+3h26CBaWTJRPQJAF2yNzt5D" + "\n" +

"2ujGmGtbhD/pnCLQRDjHEzhKDE9jVG+QoW6LQd1gGPkpF0husBuKxTJB4rMHv7qh" + "\n" +

"Mkfn6RkBT+nFqg==" + "\n" +

"-----END PRIVATE KEY-----";

public static String PUBLIC_KEY = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----" + "\n" +

"MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCd3V5+GjpOwqNks9ProDGaZT2q" + "\n" +

"URAAuAodHcUM3P1mnhOh4l4uVdvkXunUI7K6XDg6Xu9eL1WDQc6qKXs/OD91LS+R" + "\n" +

"pkIAb2gMU8hGrNfR34izZh36KdfWnEQpniAiFsHsg2ddAaPtGZZ8/jpjuPq32IVZ" + "\n" +

"JkgyKcWqnz5aL3FMXQIDAQAB" + "\n" +

"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";

public static void main(String[] args) {

String text = "message";

try {

String priStr = PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS8.replaceAll("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n", "");

priStr = priStr.replaceAll("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "");

byte [] privateKeyBytes = new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(priStr);

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec privateKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKeyBytes);

KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");

PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(privateKeySpec);

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

byte[] crypted = cipher.doFinal(text.getBytes());

System.out.println(new BASE64Encoder().encode(crypted));

// decrypt blow.

String pubStr = PUBLIC_KEY.replaceAll("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n", "");

pubStr = pubStr.replaceAll("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "");

byte [] publicKeyBytes = new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(pubStr);

X509EncodedKeySpec pubKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKeyBytes);

keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");

PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(pubKeySpec);

cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal(crypted);

System.out.println(new String(bytes, "ISO-8859-1"));

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

需要注意的是，java的代码中的private key必须使用pkcs#8格式的。

java加密 php解密 也是没问题的！

感谢大家的阅读，也希望能转发并关注我的公众号(帝都小崔Cayden)或搜索code_cayden

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