一、视图三部曲

https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/7805382.html

使用混合（mixins）

之前得视图部分

# urls.pyfrom django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import adminfrom app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(),name="publish"),url(r'^publishes/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(),name="detail_publish"),url(r"^books/$", views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.BookDetailView.as_view(),name="detail_book")]------------------------------------------------------# views.pyfrom rest_framework.views import APIView, Response
from app01.serializers import *class PublishView(APIView):def get(self, request):publish_list = Publish.objects.all()ret = PublishModelSerializers(publish_list, many=True)return Response(ret.data)def post(self, request):ps = PublishModelSerializers(data=request.data)if ps.is_valid():ps.save()return Response(ps.data)else:return Response(ps.errors)class PublishDetailView(APIView):def get(self,request,pk):publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish)return Response(ps.data)def put(self,request,pk):publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish,data=request.data)if ps.is_valid():ps.save()return Response(ps.data)else:return Response(ps.errors)def delete(self,request,pk):Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()return Response()class BookView(APIView):def get(self, request):book_list = Book.objects.all()ret = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True,context={"request":request})return Response(ret.data)def post(self, request):bms = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data, many=False,context={"request":request})if bms.is_valid():bms.save()return Response(bms.data)else:return Response(bms.errors)class BookDetailView(APIView):def get(self,request,pk):book = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()# 序列化bms = BookModelSerializers(book,context={"request":request})return Response(bms.data)def put(self,request,pk):book = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()bms = BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data,context={"request":request})if bms.is_valid():bms.save()return Response(bms.data)else:return Response(bms.errors)def delete(self,reqeust,pk):Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()return Response()---------------------------------------------------
# serializers.py# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from .models import *
from rest_framework import serializersclass PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = Publishfields = "__all__"class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = Bookfields = "__all__"

from django.db import models# Create your models here.class Book(models.Model):title = models.CharField(max_length=32)price = models.IntegerField()pub_date = models.DateField()publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish")authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")def __str__(self):return self.titleclass Publish(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)email = models.EmailField()def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Author(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)age = models.IntegerField()def __str__(self):return self.name

models.py

1. mixin类编写视图

from rest_framework import mixins, generics

mixins.ListModelMixin,   mixins.CreateModelMixin,

mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,   mixins.DestroyModelMixin,

generics.GenericAPIView

   url(r'^authors/$',views.AuthorView.as_view(),name="author"),url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.AuthorDetailView.as_view(),name="detail_author"),-----------------------------------------#########################   mixin类编写视图  ##############################from rest_framework import mixins, genericsclass AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializersdef get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializersdef get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)------------------------------------------------class AuthorModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = Authorfields = "__all__"

2. 使用通用的基于类的视图

from rest_framework import generics

generics.ListCreateAPIView

generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

通过使用mixin类，我们使用更少的代码重写了这些视图，但我们还可以再进一步。REST框架提供了一组已经混合好（mixed-in）的通用视图，我们可以使用它来简化我们的views.py模块。

#########################   使用通用得基于类得视图  ##############################from rest_framework import genericsclass AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializersclass AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers

3. viewsets.ModelViewSet

views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})

views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"})

from rest_framework  import viewsets

viewsets.ModelViewSet

    url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"}), name="author"),url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"}), name="detail_author"),---------------------------------------------------#########################   viewsets.ModelViewSet  ##############################from rest_framework import viewsetsclass AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers

　　# 可重写，覆盖！　　　　# def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):pass

效果：

get  post  get  put  delete  都可访问！

  

http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8719520.html
视图三部曲
5中方法： 查（全部） 查（单条） 增 删 改
逻辑封装起来了-----------------------------------class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers(1):url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}), name='author'),
(2):url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}), name='author'),
(3):url(r'^authors/$', ViewsetMixin.View, name='author'),一旦用户 get 方式 访问 authors：
ViewsetMixin.View():for method, action in actions.items(): # {"get":"list","post":"create"}handler = getattr(self, action)    # self.list  self.createsetattr(self, method, handler)     # self.get = self.list  self.post = self.create# getattr(self,"get")  # self.list# getattr(self,"post") # self.createreturn self.dispatch()APIView.dispatch():if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower())response = handler(request,*args,**kwargs)  # self.list()return response(ViewSetMixin)

小总结 - 笔记

二、认证组件

生成随机字符串

import hashlib, timedef get_random_str(user):""" 生成随机 字符串 """ctime = str(time.time())md5 = hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding='utf-8'))md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf-8"))return md5.hexdigest()

update_or_create

#  update_or_create
Token.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":random_str})

返回json

# import json
# from  django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
# return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False))

# from django.http import JsonResponse
# return JsonResponse(res)return Response(res)

登录，生成随机token

url(r'^login/$', views.LoginView.as_view(), name="login")---------------------------------------------import hashlib, timedef get_random_str(user):""" 生成随机 字符串 """ctime = str(time.time())md5 = hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding='utf-8'))md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf-8"))return md5.hexdigest()class LoginView(APIView):def post(self,request):name = request.data.get("name")pwd = request.data.get("pwd")user = User.objects.filter(name=name,pwd=pwd).first()res = {"state_code":1000,"msg":None}if user:random_str = get_random_str(user.name)#  update_or_createToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":random_str})res["token"] = random_strelse:res["state_code"] = 1001 # 错误状态码res["msg"] = "用户名或密码错误"# import json# from  django.shortcuts import HttpResponse# return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False))# from django.http import JsonResponse# return JsonResponse(res)return Response(res)--------------------------------------------------------# models.py class User(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)class Token(models.Model):user = models.OneToOneField("User")token = models.CharField(max_length=128)def __str__(self):return self.token

效果图：

 

登录验证 - 局部

authentication_classes = [TokenAuth]

from rest_framework import exceptions

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication

def authenticate(self,request):

　　... ...

　　if not token_obj:

　　　　 raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败")

　　return (token_obj.user.name, token_obj)

from rest_framework import exceptions# class TokenAuth(object):
#     def authenticate(self,request):
#         token = request.GET.get("token")
#         token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
#         if not token_obj:
#             raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败")
#
#         return (token_obj.user.name, token_obj)
#
#     def authenticate_header(self,request):
#         passfrom rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthenticationclass TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication):def authenticate(self,request):token = request.GET.get("token")token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()if not token_obj:raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败")return (token_obj.user.name, token_obj)class BookView(APIView): authentication_classes = [TokenAuth]def get(self, request):book_list = Book.objects.all()ret = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True, context={"request": request})return Response(ret.data)def post(self, request):bms = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data, many=False, context={"request": request})if bms.is_valid():bms.save()return Response(bms.data)else:return Response(bms.errors)

登录验证 - 全局

settings 配置

　　'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth']

# settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth']
}-------------------------------------------
# app01.utilsfrom .models import *
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthenticationclass TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication):def authenticate(self,request):token = request.GET.get("token")token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()if not token_obj:raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败")return (token_obj.user.name, token_obj)--------------------------------------------
# views.pyclass BookView(APIView):def get(self, request):book_list = Book.objects.all()ret = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True, context={"request": request})return Response(ret.data)def post(self, request):bms = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data, many=False, context={"request": request})if bms.is_valid():bms.save()return Response(bms.data)else:return Response(bms.errors)

-----------------------------------------
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): authentication_classes = []   # 加上这个，前提是全局有认证；加上这个，就走自己得，不认证了，自己没有，才走全局配置得！

    queryset = Author.objects.all()    serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers

效果图:

     

三、权限组件

权限 - 局部

permission_classes = [SVIPPermission]

has_permission(self,request,view):pass   # 固定得写法，根据源码来写得！

authentication_classes = []                       # 登录页面 不需要验证，在全局配置得前提下

class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):authentication_classes = [TokenAuth]  permission_classes = [SVIPPermission]queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers----------------------------------------------
# app01.utils.SVIPPermission
class SVIPPermission(object):message = "只有超级用户才能访问"def has_permission(self,request,view):username = request.useruser_type = User.objects.filter(name=username).first().user_typeif user_type == 3:return Trueelse:return False----------------------------------------------class LoginView(APIView):authentication_classes = []......

权限 - 全局

settings配置：

　　'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.SVIPPermission']

# settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth'],'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.SVIPPermission']
}

效果图：

四、频率组件

局部视图throttle

class BookView(APIView):# authentication_classes = [TokenAuth]# permission_classes = [SVIPPermission]throttle_classes = [VisitRateThrottle]。。。  。。。 -----------------------------------------------from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottleVISIT_RECORD={}
class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):def __init__(self):self.history=Nonedef allow_request(self,request,view):remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')print(remote_addr)import timectime=time.time()if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr]=[ctime,]return Truehistory=VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)self.history=historywhile history and history[-1]<ctime-60:history.pop()if len(history)<3:history.insert(0,ctime)return Trueelse:return Falsedef wait(self):import timectime=time.time()return 60-(ctime-self.history[-1])

全局视图throttle

REST_FRAMEWORK = {'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth'],'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.SVIPPermission'],'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.VisitThrottle'],
}

内置throttle类

REST_FRAMEWORK = {'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth'],'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.SVIPPermission'],'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.VisitThrottle'],"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES": {"visit_rate": "1/m",}
}------------------------------------from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):scope="visit_rate"def get_cache_key(self, request, view):return self.get_ident(request)

http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8719520.html

五、解析器

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser,FileUploadParser
"""
默认得是 JSONParser FormParser MultiPartParser
"""class BookView(APIView):parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser]...

request类

　　django的request类和rest-framework的request类的源码解析

局部视图

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser
class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):parser_classes = [FormParser,JSONParser]queryset = Publish.objects.all()serializer_class = PublshSerializersdef post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):print("request.data",request.data)return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

全局视图

REST_FRAMEWORK={"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",],"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",],"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{"visit_rate":"5/m",},"DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES":['rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',]
}

六、url路由控制

url(r'',include(routers.urls)),

from rest_framework import routers

routers = routers.DefaultRouter()

routers.register("authors",views.AuthorModelView)

# urls.pyfrom django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import adminfrom app01 import viewsfrom rest_framework import routers
routers = routers.DefaultRouter()
routers.register("authors",views.AuthorModelView)urlpatterns = [url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(), name="publish"),url(r'^publishes/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(), name="detail_publish"),url(r"^books/$", views.BookView.as_view(), name="books"),url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view(), name="detail_book"),# url(r'^authors/$',views.AuthorView.as_view(),name="author"),# url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.AuthorDetailView.as_view(),name="detail_author"),# url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"}), name="author"),# url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',#     views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"}), name="detail_author"),
url(r'',include(routers.urls)),url(r'^login/$', views.LoginView.as_view(), name="login")]------------------------------------------# views.pyfrom rest_framework import viewsetsclass AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers

效果图

  

七、分页

pnp = MyPageNumberPagination()

books_page = pnp.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,self)

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination, LimitOffsetPaginationclass MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):page_size = 2page_query_param = "page"page_size_query_param = "size"max_page_size = 2   # 限制 size 得大小 不能超过多少！！class MyLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):default_limit = 1---------------------------class BookView(APIView):def get(self, request):
book_list = Book.objects.all()pnp = MyPageNumberPagination()# pnp = MyLimitOffsetPagination()
books_page = pnp.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,self)# ret = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True, context={"request": request})ret = BookModelSerializers(books_page, many=True)# return Response(ret.data)　　　　
　　　　 return pnp.get_paginated_response(ret.data)

from rest_framework import viewsetsclass AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers pagination_class = MyPageNumberPagination

效果图

day991 CBV2 APIViewclass BookView（APIView）：passurl(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),url(r'^books/$', View类下的view,name="books"),一旦访问books/:  view(request)======APIView类下的dispatch()====请求方式对应的示例方法()3 def dispatch()：#一 初始化操作# (1) 构建新的request:self.request=self.initial_request()# self.request._request# self.request.GET# self.request.data# (2) 执行组件# 认证，权限，频率# 认证：request.userself.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)====   # 认证组件
                        self.perform_authentication(request)==== request.user=====for authenticator in self.authenticators:  # [TokenAuth(),]try:user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)except exceptions.APIException:self._not_authenticated()raiseif user_auth_tuple is not None:self._authenticator = authenticatorself.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuplereturn# 权限组件
                        self.check_permissions(request)===========for permission in self.get_permissions():if not permission.has_permission(request, self):self.permission_denied(request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None))# 频率组件
                        self.check_throttles(request)=============for throttle in self.get_throttles():  # [VisitRateThrottle(),]if not throttle.allow_request(request, self):self.throttled(request, throttle.wait()) # 受限制# 分发if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(),self.http_method_not_allowed)response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)return response4 序列化组件class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):name = serializers.CharField()email = serializers.CharField()class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model=Publishfields="__all__"# queryset或者model对象-------------》json数据ps=PublishSerializers(queryset,many=True)ps.data # [{},{},{}]
ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,many=False)ps.data # {}# json数据-------》记录# 添加操作ps=PublishSerializers(data=request.data)if ps.is_valid():ps.save()  # create# 更新操作
ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,data=request.data)if ps.is_valid():ps.save()  # update5 视图组件# 版本1：# Book表class BookView(APIView):def get(self,request):book_list=Book.objects.all()bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})return Response(bs.data)def post(self,request):# post请求的数据bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)if bs.is_valid():print(bs.validated_data)bs.save()# create方法return Response(bs.data)else:return Response(bs.errors)class BookDetailView(APIView):def get(self,request,id):book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})return Response(bs.data)def put(self,request,id):book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)if bs.is_valid():bs.save()return Response(bs.data)else:return Response(bs.errors)def delete(self,request,id):Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()return Response()# 版本2：mixInfrom rest_framework import mixinsfrom rest_framework import genericsclass AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):queryset=Author.objects.all()serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializersdef get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)def post(self,request, *args, **kwargs):return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializersdef get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs):return self.destroy(request,*args, **kwargs)def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs):return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)# 版本3：基于通用类from rest_framework import mixinsfrom rest_framework import genericsclass AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):queryset=Author.objects.all()serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializersclass AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers# 版本4class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializersurl(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put"流程：url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin类下的view),一旦访问 /authors/:ViewSetMixindef  view():for method, action in actions.items(): # {"get":"list","post":"create"}handler = getattr(self, action)    # self.list  self.create
                    setattr(self, method, handler)self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)APIView类下的self.dispatch# 分发if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(),self.http_method_not_allowed)response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.list()return response6 认证权限频率 组件request.META:{'ALLUSERSPROFILE': 'C:\\ProgramData','APPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming','COMMONPROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files','COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files','COMMONPROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files','COMPUTERNAME': 'PC201712041709','COMSPEC': 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe','DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE': 'restdemo.settings','FP_NO_HOST_CHECK': 'NO', 'HOMEDRIVE': 'C:','HOMEPATH': '\\Users\\Administrator','LOCALAPPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local','LOGONSERVER': '\\\\PC201712041709','NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS': '4', 'OS': 'Windows_NT','PATH': 'C:\\Windows\\system32;C:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\Scripts;C:\\Python27;E:\\MySQL Server 5.6\\bin;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\Scripts\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\atom\\bin','PATHEXT': '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC','PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE': 'AMD64','PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER': 'Intel64 Family 6 Model 60 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel','PROCESSOR_LEVEL': '6', 'PROCESSOR_REVISION': '3c03','PROGRAMDATA': 'C:\\ProgramData','PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files','PROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)','PROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files','PSMODULEPATH': 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\Modules\\','PUBLIC': 'C:\\Users\\Public', 'PYCHARM_HOSTED': '1', 'PYTHONIOENCODING': 'UTF-8','PYTHONPATH': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\PycharmProjects\\s9\\restdemo', 'PYTHONUNBUFFERED': '1','SESSIONNAME': 'Console', 'SYSTEMDRIVE': 'C:', 'SYSTEMROOT': 'C:\\Windows','TEMP': 'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', 'TMP': 'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp','USERDOMAIN': 'PC201712041709','USERNAME': 'Administrator','USERPROFILE': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator','WINDIR': 'C:\\Windows', 'WINDOWS_TRACING_FLAGS': '3','WINDOWS_TRACING_LOGFILE': 'C:\\BVTBin\\Tests\\installpackage\\csilogfile.log','RUN_MAIN': 'true', 'SERVER_NAME': 'PC201712041709','GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1', 'SERVER_PORT': '8000','REMOTE_HOST': '','CONTENT_LENGTH': '','SCRIPT_NAME': '','SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1','SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'WSGIServer/0.2','REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET','PATH_INFO': '/authors/','QUERY_STRING': 'token=8204b8e3ac40bf59ae480d17c146b51a','REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1','CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/plain','HTTP_HOST': '127.0.0.1:8000','HTTP_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive','HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36','HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS': '1','HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8','HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'HTTP_COOKIE': 'csrftoken=jtus3l4GJEc9TFXWYCWxkBIZprcOv7C1vFMIyOHs7Zkxt015FwVZ2KEEeDV6LOyN', 'wsgi.input': <_io.BufferedReader name=832>, 'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>, 'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 'wsgi.run_once': False, 'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http', 'wsgi.multithread': True, 'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 'wsgi.file_wrapper': <class 'wsgiref.util.FileWrapper'>}7 解析器-----数据解析器from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser,FileUploadParserparser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser]8 路由控制针对：url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailauthor"),class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializersurl(r'^books/$', views.BookModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailbook"),class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers9 分页10 响应器  Response

总结 - 笔记

REST_FRAMEWORK = {# 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth'],# 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.SVIPPermission'],# 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.VisitThrottle'],# "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES": {#     "visit_rate": "1/m",# }# "PAGE_SIZE":2
}

settings.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import adminfrom app01 import viewsfrom rest_framework import routers
routers = routers.DefaultRouter()
routers.register("authors",views.AuthorModelView)urlpatterns = [url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(), name="publish"),url(r'^publishes/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(), name="detail_publish"),url(r"^books/$", views.BookView.as_view(), name="books"),url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view(), name="detail_book"),# url(r'^authors/$',views.AuthorView.as_view(),name="author"),# url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.AuthorDetailView.as_view(),name="detail_author"),# url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"}), name="author"),# url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',#     views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"}), name="detail_author"),
url(r'',include(routers.urls)),url(r'^login/$', views.LoginView.as_view(), name="login")]

urls.py

from .models import *
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthenticationclass TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication):def authenticate(self,request):token = request.GET.get("token")token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()if not token_obj:raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败")return (token_obj.user.name, token_obj)class SVIPPermission(object):message = "只有超级用户才能访问"def has_permission(self,request,view):username = request.useruser_type = User.objects.filter(name=username).first().user_typeif user_type == 3:return Trueelse:return False# from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
#
# VISIT_RECORD={}
# class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):
#
#     def __init__(self):
#         self.history=None
#
#     def allow_request(self,request,view):
#         remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
#         print(remote_addr)
#         import time
#         ctime=time.time()
#
#         if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
#             VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr]=[ctime,]
#             return True
#
#         history=VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
#         self.history=history
#
#         while history and history[-1]<ctime-60:
#             history.pop()
#
#         if len(history)<3:
#             history.insert(0,ctime)
#             return True
#         else:
#             return False
#
#     def wait(self):
#         import time
#         ctime=time.time()
#         return 60-(ctime-self.history[-1])from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):scope="visit_rate"def get_cache_key(self, request, view):return self.get_ident(request)

utils.py

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponsefrom django.views import View
from .models import *
import json
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response# 为queryset，model 对象 做序列化得
# class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
#     name = serializers.CharField()
#     email = serializers.CharField()class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = Publishfields = "__all__"class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = Bookfields = "__all__"# 显示超链接publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='detailpublish', # 别名 含正则表达式lookup_field= 'publish_id',lookup_url_kwarg='pk')# publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk")# publish = serializers.CharField()# authors = serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")# authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()# def get_authors(self,obj):#     temp = []#     for obj in obj.authors.all():#         temp.append(obj.name)#     return temp# def create(self, validated_data):#     print('--->',validated_data)#     book = Book.objects.create(title=validated_data["title"],price=validated_data['price'],#                         pub_date=validated_data['pub_date'],publish_id=validated_data['publish']['pk'])#     book.authors.add(*validated_data['authors'])#
    #     return bookclass AuthorModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = Authorfields = "__all__"

serializer.py

from django.db import models# Create your models here.class User(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)type_choices = ((1,"普通用户"),(2,"VIP"),(3,"SVIP"))user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choices,default=1)class Token(models.Model):user = models.OneToOneField("User")token = models.CharField(max_length=128)def __str__(self):return self.tokenclass Book(models.Model):title = models.CharField(max_length=32)price = models.IntegerField()pub_date = models.DateField()publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish")authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")def __str__(self):return self.titleclass Publish(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)email = models.EmailField()def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Author(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)age = models.IntegerField()def __str__(self):return self.name

models.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse# Create your views here.from django.views import View
from .models import *
import json
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Responsefrom app01.serializer import *class PublishView(APIView):def get(self, request):publish_list = Publish.objects.all()ret = PublishModelSerializers(publish_list, many=True)return Response(ret.data)def post(self, request):ps = PublishModelSerializers(data=request.data)if ps.is_valid():ps.save()return Response(ps.data)else:return Response(ps.errors)class PublishDetailView(APIView):def get(self, request, pk):publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish)return Response(ps.data)def put(self, request, pk):publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish, data=request.data)if ps.is_valid():ps.save()return Response(ps.data)else:return Response(ps.errors)def delete(self, request, pk):Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()return Response()from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser,FileUploadParser
"""
默认得是 JSONParser FormParser  MultiPartParser
"""
# Book
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination,LimitOffsetPagination
class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):page_size = 1page_query_param = "page"page_size_query_param = "size"max_page_size = 2  # 限制 size 得大小 不能超过多少！！
# # http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/?page=2&size=2class MyLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):default_limit = 1# limit_query_param =
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/?limit=2&offset=2# 偏移class BookView(APIView):# authentication_classes = [TokenAuth]
parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser]def get(self,request):print("user:--->", request.user)print(request.auth)book_list = Book.objects.all()# 分页 page_size 配置 setting 全局得 单独怎么设置？  写个类# from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination# pnp = PageNumberPagination()# pnp = MyPageNumberPagination()pnp = MyLimitOffsetPagination()books_page = pnp.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,self)# bs = BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})bs = BookModelSerializers(books_page,many=True,context={'request': request})# return HttpResponse(bs.data)return Response(bs.data)def post(self,request):print('data:--->', request.data,type(request.data))# post 请求的数据bs = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data,context={'request': request})if bs.is_valid():bs.save()  # create 方法print(bs.validated_data)return Response(bs.data)else:return Response(bs.errors)class BookDetailView(APIView):def get(self,request,id):book = Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()# 序列化bs = BookModelSerializers(book)return Response(bs.data)def put(self,request,id):book = Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()bs = BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)if bs.is_valid():bs.save()return Response(bs.data)else:return Response(bs.errors)def delete(self,request,id):Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()return Response()# Author
# 逻辑复用
# 三种方法#########################   mixin类编写视图  ############################### from rest_framework import mixins, generics
#
# class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
#     queryset = Author.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
#
#     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#         return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)
#
#     def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#         return self.create(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
#
#
# class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
#     queryset = Author.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
#
#     def get(self,request,pk,*args,**kwargs):
#         return self.retrieve(request,pk,*args,**kwargs)
#
#     def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#         return self.destroy(request,*args,**kwargs)
#
#     def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#         return self.update(request,*args,**kwargs)#########################   使用得通用得基于类得视图  ############################### from rest_framework import mixins, generics
#
# class AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
#     queryset = Author.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
#
#
# class AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
#     queryset = Author.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers#########################   viewsets.ModelViewSet  ##############################
# url 需要是一趟线 走一个视图类
# url 中 利用参数 来指定 什么方式 用什么方法 执行
from .utils import TokenAuth,SVIPPermission
from rest_framework import viewsetsclass VisitRateThrottle(object):def allow_request(self,request,view):# 要求访问站点得频率不能超过每分钟20次if 1:# 每次来 存下来 比对一下，间隔多久 超过一分钟# IP, 请求首行(request.method request.path)#  请求头（request.meta） 请求体(request.body)print("meta:----->",request.META)print(request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR"))  # 客户端得ip 这里面 你要保存什么  ip 时间 记录下来；# 频率 限制 实现 功能！！！return Trueelse:return Falsefrom rest_framework.response import Responseclass AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):# authentication_classes = [TokenAuth,]# permission_classes = [SVIPPermission,]  取配全局八# throttle_classes = [VisitRateThrottle]
queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializerspagination_class = MyPageNumberPagination# 完美!  ok# 类得继承 ， 表示形式 需求 展示 数据 ，覆盖方法 单独写 类得继承 可重写 覆盖
#
#     def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#         pass# ------------------------------------------------------def get_random_str(user):import hashlib,timectime=str(time.time())md5=hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding="utf8"))md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf8"))return md5.hexdigest()class LoginView(APIView):authentication_classes = []def post(self,request):name = request.data.get("name")pwd = request.data.get("pwd")user = User.objects.filter(name=name,pwd=pwd).first()res = {"state_code":1000,"msg":None}if user:random_str = get_random_str(user.name)token = Token.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":random_str})res['token'] = random_strelse:res["status_code"] = 1001 # 错误状态码res['msg'] = "用户名或密码错误"import jsonreturn Response(json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False))

views.py

八、渲染器、版本

配置：

1.添加配置

REST_FRAMEWORK = {'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES':['rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer','rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer'],'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS': 'rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning','ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],  # 允许的版本'VERSION_PARAM': 'version',  # 参数'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',  # 默认版本
}

2.设置路由：

luffycity/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [# url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),url(r'^api/(?P<version>\w+)/', include('api.urls')),
]

api/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from api.views import courseurlpatterns = [url(r'^course/$', course.CourseView.as_view()),
]

3.获取版本

request.version 获取版本

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/alice-bj/p/9252207.html

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