Java实现websocket

最近一直在思考一个问题：服务器如何主动发消息给浏览器？传统的Web都是浏览器主动向服务器发送请求，服务器收到请求之后返回数据给浏览器。如果要实现服务器主动向浏览器发送消息，即实现Web版的即时通信应该怎么做？貌似没有答案。之前有考虑用轮询的方式实现伪即时通信，client1要发送消息给client2，只能先把消息发送给服务器，服务器等到client2来查询有没有新消息的时候才把client1发来的消息转发给client2.这样就必须在client页面定时向服务器发送查询请求，比如5秒一次或10秒一次，实现伪即时通信。

端午节放假逛51cto发现一种比较好的解决方案：Websocket，下面记录几个Java写的Websocket的栗子，真正的即时通信。

栗子1

前端如下

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript">var wsuri = "ws://localhost:8080/Websocket/Websocket?name=shang&password=123456";var ws = null;function startWebSocket() {if ('WebSocket' in window)ws = new WebSocket(wsuri);else if ('MozWebSocket' in window)ws = new MozWebSocket(wsuri);elsealert("not support");ws.onmessage = function(evt) {alert(evt.data);};ws.onclose = function(evt) {alert("close");};ws.onopen = function(evt) {alert("open");};}function sendMsg() {ws.send(document.getElementById('writeMsg').value);}
</script>
</head>
<body οnlοad="startWebSocket();"><input type="text" id="writeMsg" /><input type="button" value="send" οnclick="sendMsg()" />
</body>
</html>

后端如下

package com.websocket;import java.io.IOException;import javax.websocket.CloseReason;
import javax.websocket.Endpoint;
import javax.websocket.EndpointConfig;
import javax.websocket.MessageHandler;
import javax.websocket.RemoteEndpoint;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;@ServerEndpoint(value = "/Websocket")
public class Websocket extends Endpoint {private Session session;@Overridepublic void onOpen(Session session, EndpointConfig config) {RemoteEndpoint.Basic remote = session.getBasicRemote();System.out.println("pathParams:" + session.getPathParameters());System.out.println("requestParams" + session.getRequestParameterMap());session.addMessageHandler(new MyMessageHandle(remote));}@Overridepublic void onClose(Session session, CloseReason closeReason) {System.out.println("onClose");}@Overridepublic void onError(Session session, java.lang.Throwable throwable) {System.out.println("onError");}private class MyMessageHandle implements MessageHandler.Whole<String> {RemoteEndpoint.Basic remote = null;public MyMessageHandle(RemoteEndpoint.Basic remote) {this.remote = remote;}@Overridepublic void onMessage(String s) {System.out.println(s);try {remote.sendText("success");} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}

运测试运行在Tomcat7上正常

栗子2

前端如下

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript">var wsuri = "ws://localhost:8080/Websocket/Websocket1?name=shang&password=123456";var ws = null;function startWebSocket() {if ('WebSocket' in window) {ws = new WebSocket(wsuri);} else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {ws = new MozWebSocket(wsuri);} else {alert("not support");}ws.onmessage = function(evt) {alert(evt.data);};ws.onclose = function(evt) {alert("close");};ws.onopen = function(evt) {alert("open");};}function sendMsg() {ws.send(document.getElementById('writeMsg').value);}
</script>
</head>
<body οnlοad="startWebSocket();"><input type="text" id="writeMsg" /><input type="button" value="send" οnclick="sendMsg()" />
</body>
</html>

后端如下

package com.websocket;import java.io.IOException;import javax.websocket.EndpointConfig;
import javax.websocket.OnClose;
import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;@ServerEndpoint(value = "/Websocket1")
public class Websocket1 {private Session session;@OnOpenpublic void open(Session session, EndpointConfig config) {this.session = session;System.out.println("*** WebSocket opened from sessionId "+ session.getId());// sysLogger.info("*** WebSocket opened from sessionId " +// session.getId());}@OnMessagepublic void inMessage(Session session, String message) {// sysLogger.info("*** WebSocket Received from sessionId " +// this.session.getId() + ": " + message);System.out.println("WebSocket Received from sessionId:"+ session.getId() + "-->" + message);try {session.getBasicRemote().sendText("Server收到消息：" + message);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}@OnClosepublic void end(Session session) {// sysLogger.info("*** WebSocket closed from sessionId " +// this.session.getId());System.out.println("*** WebSocket closed from sessionId "+ this.session.getId());}
}

测试Tomcat7

栗子3

前端如下

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script language="JavaScript">var wsuri = "ws://localhost:8080/Websocket/Websocket2";var ws = null;function connectEndpoint() {ws = new WebSocket(wsuri);ws.onmessage = function(evt) {//alert(evt.data);document.getElementById("echo").value = evt.data;};ws.onclose = function(evt) {//alert("close");document.getElementById("echo").value = "end";};ws.onopen = function(evt) {//alert("open");document.getElementById("echo").value = "open";};}function sendmsg() {ws.send(document.getElementById("send").value);}
</script>
</head>
<body οnlοad="connectEndpoint()"><input type="text" size="20" value="5" id="send"><input type="button" value="send" οnclick="sendmsg()"><br><input type="text" id="echo">
</body>
</html>

后端如下

package com.websocket;import javax.websocket.OnClose;
import javax.websocket.OnError;
import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
import javax.websocket.RemoteEndpoint;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;@ServerEndpoint(value="/Websocket2")
public class Websocket2 {@OnOpen  public void start(Session session){  System.out.println("session "+session.getId()+" open.");  }  @OnMessage  public void process(Session session, String message){  System.out.println("rece:" + message);  RemoteEndpoint.Basic remote = session.getBasicRemote();  int c = Integer.valueOf(message);  for (int i=1; i<=c; i++){  try {  remote.sendText("response "+i);  Thread.sleep(50);  } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace();  }  }  }  @OnClose  public void end(Session session){  System.out.println("session "+session.getId()+" close.");  }  @OnError  public void error(Session session, java.lang.Throwable throwable){  System.err.println("session "+session.getId()+" error:"+throwable);  }
}

Layer有一款颜值很高的web聊天界面http://sentsin.com/layui/layim/

如果要实现网页在线聊天可以考虑结合layer的前端和websocket来实现...

2015年6月30日22:15:36 By:umgsai 湖北宜昌

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/shamrock/1669554

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