本文实例讲述了Python实现备份文件的方法，是一个非常实用的技巧。分享给大家供大家参考。具体方法如下：

该实例主要实现读取一个任务文件, 根据指定的任务参数自动备份.

任务文件的格式: (注意,分号后面注释是不支持的)

[task] ; 一项任务开始

dir=h:/Project ; 指定备份的目录

recusive=1 ; 是否递归子目录

suffix=h|cpp|hpp|c|user|filters|vcxproj|sln|css|gif|html|bmp|png|lib|dsw|dsp|htm|html|ico|ini|jpg|rc|vssscc ; 指定备份的扩展名

exclude=0 ; 指定是备份上面的参数指定的扩展名还是排除指定的扩展名

zip=Project.zip ; 备份后的文件路径名

python代码如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import sys

import os

import zipfile

class Task:

#dir str directory

#bsub BOOL include subdirectory

#sfx str postsuffix ,sepeated by '|'

#ecld BOOL include or execlude the postsuffix sfx

def __init__(self,dir,bsub,sfx,ecld,zip):

self.dir = dir

self.bsub = bsub

self.suffix = sfx.split("|")

self.exclude = ecld

self.zip = zip

@staticmethod

def isfilter(sfx,sfxs,bexcld):

bFound = False

for e in sfxs:

if e == sfx:

bFound = True

break

if bexcld:

return not bFound;

else:

return bFound;

class QBackup:

'''备份指定目录下具备指定扩展名的文件'''

def __init__(self):

self._list = []

def __del__(self):

pass

#tfile 任务文件

def ReadTask(self,tfile):

dir = ""

bsub = False

sfx = ""

becld = False

zip = ""

try:

f = open(tfile,'r')

while True:

line = f.readline()

if len(line) == 0:

break;

line = line.strip(" ")

if "[Task]/n".lower() == line.lower():

# 读取接下来的4行

iline = 1

while iline <= 5:

line = f.readline()

line = line.strip(" /t/n") # 去除前后的空白符

idx = line.find("=")

if -1 == idx:

break;

atti = line[0:idx]

value = line[idx+1:]

print(value)

if "dir" == atti:

dir = value

elif "recusive" == atti:

bsub = bool(int(value))

elif "suffix" == atti:

sufix = value

elif "exclude" == atti:

becld = bool(int(value))

elif "zip" == atti:

zip = value

else:

break

iline += 1

else:

t = Task(dir,bsub,sufix,becld,zip)

self._list.append(t)

except:

return False

return True

def DoBackup(self):

for e in self._list:

try:

zip = zipfile.ZipFile(e.zip,'w',zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)

self.ZipDir(zip,e.dir,e.bsub,e.suffix,e.exclude)

zip.close()

except:

print("exception raised!")

return False

return True

def ZipDir(self,zip,dir,bsub,sfxs,ecld):

subdir = ""

path = ""

if os.path.isdir(dir):

paths = os.listdir(dir)

#备份本目录

print("ZipDir: ",dir)

for e in paths:

path = dir + "/" + e

ext = os.path.splitext(e)[1][1:]

if os.path.isfile(path) and Task.isfilter(ext,sfxs,ecld):

print ("ZipFile: ",path)

zip.write(path)

#清理子目录

if bsub:

for e in paths:

subdir = dir + "/" + e

self.ZipDir(zip,subdir,bsub,sfxs,ecld)

def PrintTask(self):

for e in self._list:

print (e.dir,e.bsub,e.suffix,e.exclude,e.zip)

if '__main__' == __name__:

c = QBackup()

c.ReadTask("bkup.txt")

c.DoBackup()

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计的学习有所帮助。