介绍 (Introduction)

Picking the right programming language for you to learn next is always a tricky choice. Whether you are a newbie or an experienced developer, there are a lot of languages out there and it is hard to grasp which one may be worth your time.

选择正确的编程语言供您下一步学习总是一个棘手的选择。 无论您是新手还是经验丰富的开发人员，都有许多语言供您选择，很难把握哪种语言值得您花时间。

Therefore, in this post we will look at some facts and figures from Stackoverflow’s 2017 Annual Developer Survey to support your decision process.

因此，在本文中，我们将查看Stackoverflow的2017年度开发人员调查中的一些事实和数据，以支持您的决策过程。

The survey data covers 64,000 reviews from 213 countries and territories. It aims to understand multiple aspects of jobs related to software development and data analytics. There were more than 150 questions as a part of the survey, including:

调查数据涵盖来自213个国家和地区的64,000条评论。 它旨在了解与软件开发和数据分析相关的工作的多个方面。 作为调查的一部分，有150多个问题，包括：

Which of the following languages have you done extensive development work in over the past year? (HaveWorkedLanguage)

在过去的一年中，您从事以下哪种语言的广泛开发工作？ (已工作的语言)

Which of the following languages do you want to work in over the next year? (WantWorkLanguage)

您想在明年使用以下哪种语言？ (工作语言)

Overall, how satisfied are you with your current job? (JobSatisfaction)

总体而言，您对目前的工作满意吗？ (工作满意度)

What is your current annual base salary? (Salary)

您目前的基本年薪是多少？ (薪水)

Along 3 main questions we will analyze the answers to the questions above to find the answer which language you should pick.

沿着3个主要问题，我们将分析上述问题的答案，以找到您应该选择哪种语言的答案。

第一部分：哪种语言的工作满意度最高，并且获得的薪水最高？ (Part I: Which Language has the highest Job Satisfaction and is paid best?)

Naturally, the first thing you may ask yourself is:

自然，您可能会问自己的第一件事是：

“Which language will provide me with the most happiness (or satisfaction or fun or excitement …) ?”

“哪种语言会带给我最大的幸福(或满足，乐趣或兴奋……)？”

To answer that we can take the data about Job Satisfaction of developers from the survey and group that score (bigger=more satisfied) by the languages developers are working with.

要回答这个问题，我们可以从调查和小组中获得有关开发人员的工作满意度的数据，这些数据由开发人员正在使用的语言评分(更大=更满意)。

As happiness does not pay bills, maybe you did not ask yourself about happiness first but about the expected salary. So the other interesting might be:

由于幸福不支付账单，也许您不是首先问自己有关幸福的问题，而是有关期望薪水的问题。 因此，另一个有趣的可能是：

“Which language will provide me with the highest salary?”

“哪种语言可以为我提供最高的薪水？”

To answer that we can take the data about Salary of developers from the survey and also group it by the languages developers are working with.

要回答这个问题，我们可以从调查中获取有关开发人员薪水的数据，并按开发人员使用的语言对其进行分组。

The bar chart above scales all values from 0 to 1 where 0 is the smallest occurring value and 1 the biggest. Moreover, only languages which are known by at least 4% of the developers were considered for this chart.

上面的条形图将所有值从0缩放到1，其中0是最小的出现值，而1是最大的出现值。 此外，此图表仅考虑至少4％的开发人员已知的语言。

As you can see, Objective-C seems to satisfy developers very well and is not paid badly. Equally is Go very well paid and seems to satisfy the developers. Surprising to me are the very low placements of Java and SQL since they are the 3rd and 2nd most known languages of the developers who answered the survey.

如您所见，Objective-C似乎很好地满足了开发人员的需求，并且收入不菲。 同样，Go的报酬非常高，似乎令开发人员满意。 令我惊讶的是，Java和SQL的排名非常低，因为它们是回答调查的开发人员中第三，第二最知名的语言。

If we disregard the 4%-limit the chart becomes less concisely. But it also shows us that developers who know some niche languages seem to be pretty satisfied and well paid, i.e. Smalltalk, CoffeeScript, Hack, Swift, Elixir, Scala and Clojure.

如果我们忽略4％的限制，图表将变得不太简洁。 但是，这也向我们表明，了解某些特定语言的开发人员似乎非常满意且报酬丰厚，例如Smalltalk，CoffeeScript，Hack，Swift，Elixir，Scala和Clojure。

第二部分：哪种语言有光明的未来？ (Part II: Which Language has a promising future?)

The analysis in Part I was a snapshot of the current situation in 2017. When you decide to learn a new language you want to make sure it has an active community, it will still be used in the future and in best case even continues to grow.

第一部分中的分析是2017年当前情况的快照。当您决定学习一种新语言时，要确保它拥有一个活跃的社区，将来仍会使用它，并且在最佳情况下甚至会持续增长。 。

To look into that, first let us look at how well languages are known by developers in 2017 (languages which are known by less than 4% were disregarded).

为此，首先让我们看一下开发人员在2017年对语言的了解程度(忽略少于4％的语言)。

As you can see, the most popular languages are not the ones that we saw at the top of the satisfaction and salary chart before. Especially the very popular Java and SQL did not seem to be very satisfying or well paid. The best compromises between popularity, satisfaction and salary may be JavaScript, Python, TypeScript, Objective C, Ruby and Swift.

如您所见，最受欢迎的语言不是我们之前在满意度和薪资表顶部看到的语言。 特别是非常流行的Java和SQL似乎并不令人满意或报酬不高。 受欢迎程度，满意度和薪水之间的最佳折衷方案可能是JavaScript，Python，TypeScript，Objective C，Ruby和Swift。

Next let us look at which language developers want to work with next year (languages with values of less 5% were disregarded).

接下来，让我们看看明年要使用哪种语言开发人员(价值低于5％的语言将被忽略)。

JavaScript, SQL, C# and Java are still ranked highly but the situation changes drastically if we compare the Have Worked with with the Want work with numbers.

JavaScript，SQL，C＃和Java仍然排名很高，但是如果我们将“ 已工作”与“ 希望工作”与数字进行比较，情况将发生巨大变化。

Except for Python all of the 6 most popular languages right now are expected to see a massive decrease in usage if the developers could decide it themselves. Especially SQL, JavaScript, PHP and Java would lose more than 10% of their developers. The most promising growth seem to have Go, TypeScript, Swift, Rust and the already very popular Python.

如果开发人员可以自行决定，除了Python外，目前预计所有6种最流行的语言的使用率都将大幅下降。 特别是SQL，JavaScript，PHP和Java将会失去超过10％的开发人员。 最有希望的增长似乎是Go，TypeScript，Swift，Rust和已经非常流行的Python。

第三部分：现实检查-语言实际上是如何增长的？ (Part III: Reality check — How did languages actually grow?)

With the results from Part I and II the most promising languages seem to be Python, Go, TypeScript and Swift as all of them are not unsatisfying or badly paid, have at least some popularity (Go 4% to Python 31%) and are expected to grow the next year.

根据第I部分和第II部分的结果，最有前途的语言似乎是Python，Go，TypeScript和Swift，因为它们都不尽如人意或报酬不高，至少具有一定的知名度(Go 4％到Python 31％)并且可以预期明年增长。

Due to the data of 2018 being available to us already let us look at the actual development of the use of those four languages and check whether they would have been a good choice in terms of growing popularity. So let us compare the Want work with data from 2017 with the Have Worked with data from 2018.

由于我们已经掌握了2018年的数据，因此让我们看一下这四种语言使用的实际发展情况，并检查它们是否会成为越来越受欢迎的好选择。 因此，让我们比较从2018数据曾为 2017与有无数据旺旺工作 。

As you can see, this chart almost looks like a mirrored version of the former horizontal bar chart. This means that most languages expected to grow did not grow as much as expected and most languages expected to shrink did not shrink as much as expected. Actually SQL, JavaScript and Java even saw the biggest increase in usage besides TypeScript and Python although based on the Want work with data from 2017 we expected a decrease of more than 10%.

如您所见，此图表几乎看起来像以前的水平条形图的镜像版本。 这意味着大多数预期增长的语言没有达到预期的增长，大多数预期萎缩的语言没有达到预期的收缩。 实际上，除TypeScript和Python之外，SQL，JavaScript和Java的使用量甚至出现了最大的增长，尽管基于旺旺对2017年以来的数据的研究，我们预计下降的幅度将超过10％。

What we can learn from this is that we have to view the Want work with data very carefully since it is based on what developers would like to do and not what they actually (have to) do. Nevertheless, the promising Python and TypeScript did exceed their already high expectations for 2018 in contrast to Go and Swift.

从中我们可以学到的是，我们必须非常仔细地查看旺旺的数据，因为它基于开发人员想要做的事情，而不是他们实际(必须要做)的事情。 尽管如此，与Go和Swift相比，有希望的Python和TypeScript确实超出了他们对2018年已经很高的期望。

结论 (Conclusion)

In this article, we took a look at different factors, based on Stackoverflow’s 2017 Annual Developer Survey, that may influence your choice on which programming language would be worth to learn next.

在本文中，我们根据Stackoverflow的2017年度开发人员调查研究了不同的因素，这些因素可能会影响您选择下一步值得学习的编程语言的选择。

1. We looked at two main factors relevant for people’s life: How satisfied are they with their job? and: How much do they get paid? We saw that some of the most popular languages like SQL and Java do not seem to provide high satisfaction or high salary but some more niche languages seem to do.

   我们研究了与人们生活相关的两个主要因素：他们对工作的满意度如何？ 并且：他们得到多少报酬？ 我们看到， 某些最流行的语言(例如SQL和Java)似乎并不能提供很高的满意度或高薪，但是似乎有些更合适的语言可以。

2. We then tried to find out, which languages seem to have a promising future. To do that we analyzed the Have Worked with data and the Want work with data and showed that Python, Go, TypeScript and Swift had at least some popularity already and were expected to grow strongly the next year.

   然后，我们试图找出哪种语言似乎有前途。 为此，我们分析了“ 已处理数据”和“ 旺旺数据”，并表明Python，Go，TypeScript和Swift已经至少具有一定的知名度，并有望在明年强劲增长。

3. In Part III we took the Have Worked with data from 2018 and compared it with our predictions based on the Want work with data from 2017. We saw that a lot of languages did not meet their expectations but Python and TypeScript did. Noticeable was also that very popular languages like SQL, Java and JavaScript which were expected to shrink in usage in contrast even grew further.

   在第三部分中，我们采用了2018年的数据进行过工作，并将其与基于2017年的数据进行旺旺工作的预测进行了比较。 我们看到许多语言没有达到他们的期望，但Python和TypeScript满足了。 还值得注意的是，与之相比，SQL，Java和JavaScript等非常流行的语言的使用率预计将下降，甚至还会进一步增长。

The findings here are observational, not the result of a formal study. Part III showed us that it is really hard to predict how the usage of programming languages will develop. Nevertheless, with Python and TypeScript we could find some very promising options. But of course there is no general definite answer to:

这里的发现是观察性的，不是正式研究的结果。 第三部分告诉我们，很难预测编程语言的用法将如何发展。 但是，使用Python和TypeScript，我们可以找到一些非常有前途的选项。 但是，当然，没有以下任何一种通用的明确答案：

Which Programming Language should YOU pick?

您应该选择哪种编程语言？

since it depends on so much more (personal) factors which could not be analyzed here.

因为它取决于更多(个人)因素，因此无法在此处进行分析。

To see more about this analysis, see the link to my Github available here.

要了解更多关于此分析，请参阅链接到我的Github上可用这里 。