Java模拟http请求

Java实现http请求主要有3种方式：URLConnection、HttpURLConnection、HttpClient

一

URLConnection 抽象类，属于Java发送http请求的原生api，操作简单

1. 构造URL对象

2. 获取URL对应的URLConnection对象

3. 设置URLConnection的属性值

4. 获取输出流写入数据

5. 获取输入流读取数据

6. 关闭连接

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// 参数可直接拼接到url后URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/zwfwxm/honor/getHonor.do");  URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setDoInput(true);conn.setUseCaches(false);// json格式的参数时JSONObject param = new JSONObject();param.put("name","Jessic");param.put("gender","female");PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());writer.print(param.toString());writer.flush();if(conn.getResponseCode() != 200){System.out.println("响应码："+conn.getResponseCode());System.out.println("请求失败："+conn.getResponseMessage());} else {BufferReader reader = new BufferReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer("");String line = "";while((line = reader.readLine() != null){buffer.append(line);}// 返回值是json格式时JSONObject result = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());  }
}

二

HttpURLConnection 是URLConnection 的抽象子类，请求步骤相差不多

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/zwfwxm/honor/getHonor.do"); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();conn.setDoOutput(true);// 写入服务器conn.setDoInput(true);// 读取服务器conn.setUseCaches(false);// 使用缓存conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);// 跟随重定向conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);// 控制socket等待建立连接的时间conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置请求方式conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json"); // 设置接收数据的格式conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json"); // 设置发送数据的格式conn.connect();// json格式的参数时JSONObject param = new JSONObject();param.put("name","Jessic");param.put("gender","female");OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");writer.write(param.toString());writer.flush();if(conn.getResponseCode() != 200){System.out.println("响应码："+conn.getResponseCode());System.out.println("请求失败："+conn.getResponseMessage());} else {BufferReader reader = new BufferReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer("");String line = "";while((line = reader.readLine() != null){buffer.append(line);}// 返回值是json格式时JSONObject result = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());    }
}

三

HttpClient

四

RestTemplate

RestTemplate是对HttpClient的再封装，简化了接口请求处理

RestTemplate的初始配置

依赖：

        <dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId><version>4.5.6</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.75</version></dependency>

连接配置：

#最大连接数
http.maxTotal=5
#并发数
http.defaultMaxPerRoute=20
#创建连接的最长时间
http.connectTimeout=1000
#从连接池中获取到连接的最长时间
http.connectionRequestTimeout=500
#数据传输的最长时间
http.socketTimeout=10000
#提交请求前测试连接是否可用
http.staleConnectionCheckEnabled=false
#可用空闲连接过期时间,重用空闲连接时会先检查是否空闲时间超过这个时间，如果超过，释放socket重新建立
http.validateAfterInactivity=3000000

package com.muchen.springboot.config;import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;/*** @author zhangfb* @create 2020-12-13 14:26*/
@Configuration
public class HttpRestConfig {@Value("${http.maxTotal}")private Integer maxTotal;@Value("${http.defaultMaxPerRoute}")private Integer defaultMaxPerRoute;@Value("${http.connectTimeout}")private Integer connectTimeout;@Value("${http.connectionRequestTimeout}")private Integer connectionRequestTimeout;@Value("${http.socketTimeout}")private Integer socketTimeout;@Value("${http.staleConnectionCheckEnabled}")private boolean staleConnectionCheckEnabled;@Value("${http.validateAfterInactivity}")private Integer validateAfterInactivity;@Beanpublic RestTemplate restTemplate() {RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(httpRequestFactory());// 把StringHttpMessageConverter编码改成UTF8格式restTemplate.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));return restTemplate;}@Beanpublic ClientHttpRequestFactory httpRequestFactory() {return new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient());}@Beanpublic CloseableHttpClient httpClient() {Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create().register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory()).register("https", SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory()).build();PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);connectionManager.setMaxTotal(maxTotal); // 最大连接数connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute);    //单个路由最大连接数connectionManager.setValidateAfterInactivity(validateAfterInactivity); // 最大空间时间RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout)        //服务器返回数据(response)的时间，超过抛出read timeout.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout)      //连接上服务器(握手成功)的时间，超出抛出connect timeout.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout)//从连接池中获取连接的超时时间，超时间未拿到可用连接，会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool.build();return HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setConnectionManager(connectionManager).build();}
}

方法：

// getForObject可互相切换使用getForEntitypublic void getTemplate(){String t = restTemplate.getForObject("http://101.23.111.136:2020/cabinet/cabinet/getNumBox?flag=1&areaCode=340500000000",String.class);// 无参数ResponseEntity<String> r1 = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://101.235.111.136:2020/cabinet/cabinet/getNumBox?flag=1&areaCode=340500000000",String.class);// uri动态参数ResponseEntity<String> r2 = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://101.235.111.136:2020/cabinet/cabinet/getNumBox?flag={num}&areaCode={code}",String.class,"1","340500000000");// 使用map封装参数Map map = new HashMap<String,String>();map.put("flag","1");map.put("areaCode","340500000000");ResponseEntity<String> r3 = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://101.235.111.136:2020/cabinet/cabinet/getNumBox",String.class,map);// outSystem.out.println(t);System.out.println(r1.getStatusCode());System.out.println(r1.getStatusCodeValue());System.out.println(r1.getBody());System.out.println(r2.getStatusCode());System.out.println(r2.getStatusCodeValue());System.out.println(r2.getBody());System.out.println(r3.getStatusCode());System.out.println(r3.getStatusCodeValue());System.out.println(r3.getBody());}// postForObject和postForEntity可切换使用public void postTemplate (){HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);// 可以用JSONObject和Map传参数JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();jsonObject.put("url","http://101.235.111.98:8000/share/jxjyxx");jsonObject.put("sfzhm","1234567890");Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();map.put("url","http://10.235.11.98:8000/share/jxjyxx");map.put("sfzhm","1234567890");HttpEntity request = new HttpEntity(map,httpHeaders);JSONObject s = restTemplate.postForObject("http://159.203.254.61:2014/MasTaskCenter/services/wst/getInfoFromXxb", request, JSONObject.class);ResponseEntity<JSONObject> jsonObjectResponseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity("http://159.203.254.61:2014/MasTaskCenter/services/wst/getInfoFromXxb", request, JSONObject.class);// 使用exchange指定请求方式ResponseEntity<JSONObject> exchange = restTemplate.exchange("http://159.203.254.61:2014/MasTaskCenter/services/wst/getInfoFromXxb", HttpMethod.POST, request, JSONObject.class);System.out.println(s);System.out.println(jsonObjectResponseEntity.getBody());System.out.println(exchange.getBody());}

服务端处理请求

服务端时正常的controller

@RequestMapping("/getHonor")private void getHonor(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
//      当请求参数拼接到url后时，可使用下面的取参方式，否则需从输入流中取值
//      String name = request.getParameter("name");
//      String age = request.getParameter("age");
//      System.out.println("=====name=="+name + "age=="+age);BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(request.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));String line = "";StringBuffer requestStr = new StringBuffer();while((line = br.readLine()) != null){requestStr.append(line);}System.out.println("requestStr=="+requestStr);JSONObject requestObj = JSONObject.fromObject(requestStr.toString());String name = requestObj.getString("name");String age = requestObj.getString("gender");JSONObject result = new JSONObject();result.put("Name", "resp:"+name);result.put("Age", "resp:"+age);response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();out.print(result.toString());}

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Java模拟http请求

一

二

三

四

服务端处理请求

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