Oracle 11.2.0.2里新增了一个新特性——用户重命名(Rename User)，在这个版本之前要想重命名用户，需要按用户导出，再fromuser touser(imp)或remap_schem(impdp)。还可以通过修改数据字典user$的方式来重命名用户，但这种方法可能会带来风险。有了这个特性之后，可以通过alter user oldname rename to newname identified by "password";一条命令来重命名用户。

下面来看测试过程，使用Oracle版本11.2.0.4

sys@ORCL>select * from v$version;

BANNER

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

CORE    11.2.0.4.0  Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

1、创建测试用户及测试表

sys@ORCL>create user sq identified by "sq";

User created.

sys@ORCL>grant connect,resource to sq;

Grant succeeded

sys@ORCL>create table sq.t1 as select * from dba_tables;

Table created.

2、执行alter user语句

sys@ORCL>alter user sq rename to zlx identified by "zlx";

alter user sq rename to zlx identified by "zlx"

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00922: missing or invalid option

报错无效的操作，原来是需要修改隐含参数"_enable_rename_user"

3、修改隐含参数"_enable_rename_user"，并以restrict模式重启数据库

sys@ORCL>alter system set "_enable_rename_user"=true scope=spfile;

System altered.

sys@ORCL>startup restrict force;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1620115456 bytes

Fixed Size                    2253704 bytes

Variable Size                  956304504 bytes

Database Buffers          654311424 bytes

Redo Buffers                    7245824 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

4、再次执行alter user语句，重命名用户

sys@ORCL>alter user sq rename to zlx identified by "zlx";

User altered.

sys@ORCL>select count(*) from sq.t1;

select count(*) from sq.t1

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

sys@ORCL>select count(*) from zlx.t1;

COUNT(*)

----------

2864

sys@ORCL>conn zlx/zlx

ERROR:

ORA-01035: ORACLE only available to users with RESTRICTED SESSION privilege

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

sys@ORCL>conn / as sysdba

Connected.

sys@ORCL>alter system disable restricted session;

System altered.

sys@ORCL>conn zlx/zlx

Connected.

zlx@ORCL>select * from tab;

TNAME                                          TABTYPE                  CLUSTERID

------------------------------------------ --------------------- ----------

T1                                              TABLE

从上面的结果来看用户名重命名成功。

5、reset隐含参数"_enable_rename_user"并重启数据库

sys@ORCL>alter system reset "_enable_rename_user";

System altered.

下面来看直接修改数据字典user$的方法：

sys@ORCL>select user#,name from user$ where name='ZLX';

USER# NAME

---------- --------

94          ZLX

sys@ORCL>update user$ set name='SQ' WHERE USER#=94;

1 row updated.

sys@ORCL>commit;

Commit complete.

sys@ORCL>conn sq/zlx;

Connected.

网上还提到update完后，需要alter system checkpoint;和alter system flush shared_pool;，从上面的操作来看好象更简单一些，但user$作为oracle的核心基表之一，修改数据字典会不会造成系统不稳定产生ora-600错误等等都不好说，所以生产上一定要慎重。

参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/100166.htm