c#串口通讯详解(附源码)

串口通讯

 串口通讯是计算机传输数据的一种通讯方式，只不过是以比特位来传输数据的

串口通讯的相关参数

波特率：
波特率的大小代表每秒钟可以传输多少个二进制位，如波特率是9600，能每秒传输9600二进制位
起始位、停止位
数据包从起始位开始，到停止位结束。起始信号用逻辑0的数据位表示，停止信号由0.5、1、1.5或2个逻辑1的数据位表示，只要双方约定一致即可。标识这本次通讯单元的结束
数据位
起始位之后便是传输的主体数据内容了，也称为有效数据，其长度一般被约定为5、6、7或8位长。表示一次通讯真正的要发送的有效数据
奇偶校验位
由于在通讯过程中易受到外部干扰导致传输数据出现偏差，所以在有效数据之后加上校验位解决。是串口通讯中的一周检错方式

界面展示

发送跟接收支持ASCII跟Hex格式

代码部分如下：
后端代码

    public partial class Comm : Form{public Comm(){InitializeComponent();ComHelper.Data += AddContent;ComHelper.ReceiveNum += AddNums;ComHelper.SendNum += AddNum;}//页面启动事件private void Comm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e){//读取计算机所有串口string[] strCom = SerialPort.GetPortNames();if (strCom == null){MessageBox.Show("本机没有串口！", "Error");return;}//GetPortNames()方法:获取当前计算机的串行端口名的数组foreach (string com in System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames()){com_port.Items.Add(com);}//默认选中第一个com_port.SelectedIndex = 0;com_jyw.SelectedIndex = 0;com_data.Text = "8";com_stop.SelectedIndex = 0;com_bps.Text = "4800";receive_ascii.Checked = true;send_ascii.Checked = true;}//选中保存目录private void receive_file_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){OpenFileDialog dialog = new OpenFileDialog();dialog.Multiselect = true;//该值确定是否可以选择多个文件dialog.Title = "请选择文件夹";dialog.Filter = "所有文件(*.*)|*.*";if (dialog.ShowDialog() == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK){receive_FileSrc.Text = dialog.FileName;}}private void AddNum(object content){int sendnum = int.Parse(content.ToString()); ;num1.Text = (int.Parse(num1.Text) + sendnum).ToString();}private void AddNums(object content){int sendnum = int.Parse(content.ToString()); ;num2.Text = (int.Parse(num2.Text) + sendnum).ToString();}//将接受到的内容显示出来private void AddContent(object content){this.BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate{string str = content as string;if (IsTime.Checked == true){string Title = DateTime.Now.ToString();bt_ReceiveData.AppendText("[" + Title + "]# RECV " + (receive_ascii.Checked == true ? "ASCII" : "HEX") + "\r\n");}bt_ReceiveData.AppendText(str + " ");if (IsLine.Checked == true){bt_ReceiveData.AppendText("\r\n");}bt_ReceiveData.Focus();//先获取焦点bt_ReceiveData.Select(bt_ReceiveData.TextLength, 0);//选中数据末尾0个字符bt_ReceiveData.ScrollToCaret();//将滚动条移动到当前位置//记录收到的字符个数//toolStripStatusLabel1.Text += (int.Parse(toolStripStatusLabel1.Text) + content.Length).ToString();}));}//清空接收区private void receive_clean_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){this.bt_ReceiveData.Text = "";}//清空发送区private void send_clean_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){this.bt_SendData.Text = "";}/// 打开串口private void com_open_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){//实例化串口配置ComClass com = new ComClass(){PortName = com_port.Text,BaudRate = int.Parse(this.com_bps.Text),Databit = int.Parse(com_data.Text),Stopbit = float.Parse(com_stop.Text),Paritybit = this.com_jyw.Text};//判断端口是否打开if (!ComHelper.port.IsOpen){ComHelper.SerialClass(com);//判断是否已经打开串口控件禁用if (ComHelper.OpenPart()){this.com_state.Checked = true;this.com_port.Enabled = false;this.com_bps.Enabled = false;this.com_data.Enabled = false;this.com_stop.Enabled = false;this.com_jyw.Enabled = false;this.com_open.Text = "关闭串口";}}else{ComHelper.closePort();this.com_port.Enabled = true;this.com_bps.Enabled = true;this.com_data.Enabled = true;this.com_stop.Enabled = true;this.com_jyw.Enabled = true;this.com_state.Checked = false;this.com_open.Text = "打开串口";}}//发送数据private void bt_send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){string SendData = this.bt_SendData.Text.Trim();//判断是否是HEX发送if (send_hex.Checked == true){if (!ComHelper.IsHexadecimal(SendData)) { MessageBox.Show("输入非16进制数据"); }ComHelper.SendData(SendData, true);}else{ComHelper.SendData(SendData, false);}}//选中HEX时判断输入内容是否为HEX数据，如果不是将其转换成Hexprivate void send_hex_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (send_hex.Checked == true && !ComHelper.IsHexadecimal(this.bt_SendData.Text)){this.bt_SendData.Text = ComHelper.GetHexFromChs(bt_SendData.Text);}}//接收是否为Hex格式private void receive_hex_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e){if (receive_hex.Checked == true){ComHelper.ReceiveIsHex = true;}else{ComHelper.ReceiveIsHex = false;}}private void send_file_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){OpenFileDialog dialog = new OpenFileDialog();dialog.Multiselect = true;//该值确定是否可以选择多个文件dialog.Title = "请选择文件夹";dialog.Filter = "所有文件(*.*)|*.*";if (dialog.ShowDialog() == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK){this.bt_SendData.Text = ComHelper.fileToString(dialog.FileName);}}}
}

ComClass实体类

namespace MSComm
{public class ComClass{private string _portName;private int _baud;private float _stopbit;private int _databit;private string _paritybit;public string PortName { get => _portName; set => _portName = value; }//获取串口名public int BaudRate { get => _baud; set => _baud = value; }//波特率public float Stopbit { get => _stopbit; set => _stopbit = value; }//停止位public int Databit { get => _databit; set => _databit = value; }//数据位public string Paritybit { get => _paritybit; set => _paritybit = value; }//校验位}
}

ComHelper类

namespace MSComm
{public class ComHelper{public delegate void ReceiveData(object str);public static event ReceiveData Data;public static event ReceiveData ReceiveNum;public static event ReceiveData SendNum;//是否Hex接收public static bool ReceiveIsHex = false;//实例化串口public static SerialPort port = new SerialPort();//读取缓存区数据static   StringBuilder Datas = new StringBuilder("");static bool rest = true;//打开串口配置串口public static void SerialClass(ComClass p){port.PortName = p.PortName;port.BaudRate = p.BaudRate;port.DataBits = p.Databit;switch (p.Stopbit){case 1:port.StopBits = StopBits.One; //使用一个停止位break;case 1.5f:port.StopBits = StopBits.OnePointFive; //使用一个停止位break;case 2:port.StopBits = StopBits.Two; //使用一个停止位break;default:break;}switch (p.Paritybit){case "NONE":port.Parity = Parity.None;break;case "ODD":port.Parity = Parity.Odd;break;case "EVEN":port.Parity = Parity.Even;break;case "MARK":port.Parity = Parity.Mark;break;case "SPACE":port.Parity = Parity.Space;break;default:break;}//port.Handshake = Handshake.None;port.RtsEnable = true;port.DtrEnable = true;//获取或设置一个值，改值在串行通讯过程中启用数据终端就绪（DTR）信号。port.ReadTimeout = 2000;port.DataReceived += Sp1_DataReceived;}/// <summary>/// 打开串口/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>public static bool OpenPart(){bool ok = false;//如果串口是打开的，先关闭if (port.IsOpen) port.Close();try{//打开串口port.Open();ok = true;}catch (Exception Ex){throw Ex;}return ok;}/// <summary>/// 关闭串口/// </summary>public static void closePort(){if (port.IsOpen){port.Close();}}/// <summary>/// 数据发送/// </summary>/// <param name="Data">数据</param>/// <param name="IsHEX">是否Hex发送</param>public static void SendData(string Data, bool IsHEX){byte[] sendData = null;if (!port.IsOpen) //如果没打开{return;}String strSend = Data;try{if (IsHEX){sendData = ConvertHexStringToBytes(strSend.Trim());}else{sendData = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(strSend.Trim());}//sp1.WriteLine(txtSendStr.Text);    //写入数据SendNum(sendData.Length);port.Write(sendData, 0, sendData.Length);}catch (Exception ex){}}/// <summary>/// 监听返回值/// </summary>/// <param name="sender"></param>/// <param name="e"></param>private static void Sp1_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e){if (ComHelper.port.IsOpen)     //判断是否打开串口{string content = "";int Lengths = port.BaudRate/10;//输出当前时间DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;try{Byte[] receivedData = new Byte[port.BytesToRead];        //创建接收字节数组port.Read(receivedData, 0, receivedData.Length);         //读取数据ReceiveNum(receivedData.Length);//foreach (byte item in receivedData)//{//    Datas.Append(Convert.ToChar(item));//}//是否解析成16进制if (ReceiveIsHex){content = bytetohex(receivedData, receivedData.Length).Trim();}else{content = Encoding.Default.GetString(receivedData);}//委托传值Data(content);}catch (Exception ex){}}}/// <summary>/// 从汉字转换到16进制/// </summary>/// <param name="s"></param>/// <returns></returns>public static string GetHexFromChs(string s){if ((s.Length % 2) != 0){s += " ";//空格//throw new ArgumentException("s is not valid chinese string!");}System.Text.Encoding chs = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312");byte[] bytes = chs.GetBytes(s);string str = "";for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++){str += string.Format("{0:X}", bytes[i]) + " ";}return str;}/// <summary>/// byte[]转HEXString/// </summary>/// <param name="byteArray">byte数组</param>/// <param name="lenght">长度</param>/// <returns></returns>public static string bytetohex(byte[] byteArray, int lenght){// string str = "";var str = new System.Text.StringBuilder();int start = Environment.TickCount;//计时器Console.WriteLine("wait...");for (int i = 0; i < lenght; i++){str.Append(String.Format("{0:X2} ", byteArray[i]));//var拼接}string s = str.ToString();Console.WriteLine(Math.Abs(Environment.TickCount - start));//在调试窗口可查用时return s;}/// 判断是否十六进制格式字符串/// </summary>/// <param name="str"></param>/// <returns></returns>public static bool IsHexadecimal(string str){str = str.Replace(" ", "");bool IsHex = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.IsMatch(str, "^[0-9A-Fa-f]+$");return IsHex;}/// <summary>/// 16进制原码字符串转字节数组/// </summary>/// <param name="hexString">"AABBCC"或"AA BB CC"格式的字符串</param>/// <returns></returns>public static byte[] ConvertHexStringToBytes(string hexString){hexString = hexString.Replace(" ", "");if (hexString.Length % 2 != 0){throw new ArgumentException("参数长度不正确");}byte[] returnBytes = new byte[hexString.Length / 2];for (int i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++){returnBytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16);}return returnBytes;}/// <summary>/// 获取文件中的数据/// </summary>/// <param name="args"></param>public static string fileToString(String filePath){StringBuilder strData = new StringBuilder("");try{string line;// 创建一个 StreamReader 的实例来读取文件 ,using 语句也能关闭 StreamReaderusing (System.IO.StreamReader sr = new System.IO.StreamReader(filePath, System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"))){// 从文件读取并显示行，直到文件的末尾 while ((line = sr.ReadLine()) != null){//Console.WriteLine(line);strData.Append( line);}}}catch (Exception e){// 向用户显示出错消息Console.WriteLine("The file could not be read:");Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}return strData.ToString();}public static void WriteLog(string FileName){}}
}

源码链接

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c#串口通讯详解(附源码)

串口通讯

界面展示

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