Python实现黑白棋人机对弈

规则

黑白棋的每颗棋子由黑白两色组成，一面白，一面黑。每次落子，把本方颜色的棋子放在棋盘的空格上，若在横、竖、斜八个方向的任一方向上有本方棋子，则被夹在中间的对手棋子全部翻转为本方棋子颜色；并且，仅在可以翻转棋子的地方才能落子。如果一方至少有一步合法棋步可下，他就必须落子，不得弃权。棋盘已满或双方都没有棋子可下时棋局结束，以棋子数目来计算胜负，棋子多的一方获胜。在棋盘还没有下满时，如果一方的棋子已经被对方吃光，则棋局也结束，将对手棋子吃光的一方获胜。

两位玩家轮流下棋，直到一方没有符合规则的落子位置，在这种情况下，剩下的一方继续下棋，直到对手有了可以落子的位置。此时，恢复两者轮流下棋的顺序。如果一方落子在非法位置，则视为放弃本次对弈，对方获胜。游戏结束的条件：1)整个棋盘满了；2)一方的棋子已经被对方吃光；3)两名玩家都没有可以落子的棋盘格；4)一方落子在非法位置。前3 种情况以棋子数目来计算胜负，棋子多的一方获胜；第4 种情况判定对方获胜。

计算机选择落子位置的策略

选择落子位置的策略 选择落子位置的策略对每个可能 的落子 位置,计算 该位置的 该位置的 “分值 ”(可以翻转的对手棋子数量 可以翻转的对手棋子数量 可以翻转的对手棋子数量.同分数选择行数小的。

实现思路

黑白棋玩家的子的坐标放在集合中，改变集合元素实现下棋。根据集合中元素打印棋盘。

亟待完善的地方

机器下棋策略可以改善，设计递推方法

不同的持棋方式写了重复的代码，可以进一步包装

无效代码可以删除，如cont，

命名

import time

import csv

class HeiBaiPlayer(object):

status = True # 是否有位置可以下

defeat = False # 是否赢了

R_LIST = [(i, j) for i in range(-1, 2) for j in range(-1, 2)]

R_LIST.remove((0, 0))

count = 0

def __init__(self, dim, players, _color): # _color只能是hei or bai ，players只能是com or peop

self.hei = {(dim//2+1, dim//2), (dim//2, dim//2+1)}

self.players = players

self.bai = {(dim//2, dim//2), (dim//2+1, dim//2+1)}

self.dim = dim

self._color = _color # dic

def qp_print(self):

'''

根据场中的hei和bai打印棋盘

:return:

'''

for i in range(self.dim + 1):

if i == 0:

print(" ", end='')

print(''.join([str(chr(97 + x)) for x in range(self.dim)]))

else:

for j in range(self.dim + 1):

if j == 0:

print(chr(96 + i), end='')

else:

if (i, j) in self.hei:

print('X', end='')

elif (i, j) in self.bai:

print('O', end='')

else:

# print((i,j))

print('.', end='')

print()

def legal_position(self,players):

'''

:param players:bai或者hei的集合

:return: 字典 {bai玩家或者hei玩家可以落子位置：反转对手子的位置}

'''

if players == self.hei:

_players = self.bai

else:

_players = self.hei

kong = [(i, j) for i in range(1, self.dim + 1) for j in range(1, self.dim + 1)]

kong = set(kong) - self.hei - self.bai

# print(kong)

p_players_list_in = {} # 如果落在p，会有的夹在中间的反色子集合

for p in kong:

all_r_players_list_in = [] # 所有方向的反色夹在中间子的集合

for r in self.R_LIST:

_players_list_in = [] # 某一方向夹在中间反色子的集合

i = 1

lst = []

while 1:

if (p[0] + i * r[0], p[1] + i * r[1]) in _players:

lst.append(tuple([p[0] + i * r[0], p[1] + i * r[1]]))

i += 1

if (p[0] + i * r[0], p[1] + i * r[1]) in players:

_players_list_in += lst

break

if i > self.dim + 1:

break

else:

break

if _players_list_in: # 如果这个方向有jiazai中间的反色子

all_r_players_list_in += _players_list_in

if all_r_players_list_in: # 如果落在p，会夹在中间的反色子集合【】

p_players_list_in[p] = all_r_players_list_in

# print(p_players_list_in,'这是测试')

return p_players_list_in

def callback(self):

'''

根据对象不同选择不同的下棋方式

:return: 机器下棋还是人工下棋

'''

if self.players == 'com':

return self.computer_xia

if self.players == 'peop':

return self.players_xia

def color(self):

if self._color == 'hei':

return self.hei

return self.bai

def hefa(self,players, p):

'''

测试某一位置是否合法，如果合法，返回相应反转的子的位置，不合法返回False

:param p: 位置元组

:return:列表

'''

if p in self.legal_position(players).keys():

return self.legal_position(players)[p]

return False

def defen(self, players, p):

'''

某一位置的得分

:param players:set

:param p:(,)

:return:

'''

return len(self.hefa(players, p))

def computer_xia(self,players): # 要么是黑，要么是白，players类型是集合

if not self.legal_position(players).keys():

print('com no Invalid move\n========')

self.status = False

else:

self.status = True

p_score = {}

for p in self.legal_position(players).keys():

p_score[p] = self.defen(players, p)

score = max(p_score.values())

for p in [(i, j) for i in range(1, self.dim + 1) for j in range(1, self.dim + 1)]:

if self.hefa(players, p):

if p_score[p] == score:

return {p: self.legal_position(players)[p]}

def players_xia(self, players): # 要么是黑，要么是白，players类型是集合

'''

人工下棋，先判断有无位置可以下，在让用户选择落子位置，如果位置出错 self.defeat = True

:param players: 人player拥有子位置的集合

:return: {落子位置:反转对面位置}

'''

if not self.legal_position(players).keys():

print('poeple no Invalid move\n========')

self.status = False

else:

self.status = True

try:

s = input("你的落子位置(例如ab：a行b列):?")

posintion = tuple([ord(s[0]) - 96, ord(s[1]) - 96])

if posintion in self.legal_position(players).keys():

return {posintion:self.legal_position(players=players)[posintion]}

else:

self.defeat = True

except Exception as e:

print('Sth Wrong, Try again',e)

s = input("你的落子位置:?")

posintion = tuple([ord(s[0]) - 96, ord(s[1]) - 96])

if posintion in self.legal_position(players).keys():

return {posintion: self.legal_position(players=players)[posintion]}

else:

self.defeat = True

def change(self, dic):

'''

下棋之后改变hei和bai中的元素

:param dic: {落子位置:反转对面位置}

:return: 新的hei和bai集合

'''

if self._color == 'hei':

self.hei = self.hei | set(list(dic.keys())) | set(list(dic.values())[0])

self.bai = self.bai - set(list(dic.values())[0])

else:

self.bai = self.bai | set(list(dic.keys())) | set(list(dic.values())[0])

self.hei = self.hei - set(list(dic.values())[0])

def com_turn():

'''

电脑下棋

:return:

'''

com.bai = peop.bai

com.hei = peop.hei

color_set = com.color() # 颜色集合

HeiBaiPlayer_function = com.callback() # 下棋方法传入集合

dic = HeiBaiPlayer_function(color_set) # 得到下棋位置和反转位置

if not com.status:

peop.qp_print()

else:

if peop.status == False:

peop.status = True

com.count = 0

print('==' * 5)

print('机器下棋位置：反转对方位置', dic)

com.change(dic)

# print(com.hei, com.bai)

com.qp_print()

if not peop.status:

peop.status = True

def peop_turn():

'''

人下棋

:return:

'''

peop.bai = com.bai

peop.hei = com.hei

color_set = peop.color()

HeiBaiPlayer_function = peop.callback() # 下棋的函数

dic = HeiBaiPlayer_function(color_set)

if not peop.status:

peop.qp_print()

elif not peop.defeat:

if com.status == False:

com.status = True

peop.count = 0

print('=='*5)

# print('人的下棋位置:反转对方位置', dic)

peop.change(dic)

# print('黑,白', peop.hei, peop.bai)

peop.qp_print()

else:

peop.qp_print()

peop.defeat = True

# print("人输了")

t1 = time.time()

begin_time = time.strftime('%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S')

Dimension = eval(input('Dimension:')) # 用户输入开始

OX = input('Computer plays (X/O):')

if OX == 'O':

com = HeiBaiPlayer(dim=Dimension, players='com', _color='bai')

peop = HeiBaiPlayer(dim=Dimension, players='peop', _color='hei')

hei_player = 'computer'

if OX == 'X':

com = HeiBaiPlayer(dim=Dimension, players='com', _color='hei')

peop = HeiBaiPlayer(dim=Dimension, players='peop', _color='bai')

hei_player = 'players'

if com._color == 'hei':

count = 0

peop.qp_print()

while 1:

com_turn()

if peop.status == False and com.status == False:

print("Both players have no valid move.")

print("Game Over")

print('com:{}**peop:{}'.format(com.color(), peop.color()))

if len(com.color()) > len(peop.color()):

print('com win!!')

elif len(com.color()) < len(peop.color()):

print('players win!!')

else:

print('0比0')

score = str(len(com.color())) +':'+ str(len(peop.color()))

break

peop_turn()

if peop.defeat:

print('Invalid move.\nGame over.')

print('com win')

score = 'Human give up'

break

if peop.status == False and com.status == False:

print("Both players have no valid move.")

print("Game Over")

print('com:{}**peop:{}'.format(com.color(), peop.color()))

if len(com.color()) > len(peop.color()):

print('com win!!')

elif len(com.color()) < len(peop.color()):

print('players win!!')

else:

print('0比0')

score = str(len(com.color())) +':'+ str(len(peop.color()))

break

peop.qp_print()

if peop._color == 'hei':

count = 0

peop.qp_print()

while 1:

peop_turn()

if peop.defeat:

print('Invalid move.\nGame over.')

print('com win')

score = 'Human give up'

break

if peop.status == False and com.status == False:

print("Both players have no valid move.")

print("Game Over")

print('com:{}**peop:{}'.format(com.color(), peop.color()))

if len(com.color()) > len(peop.color()):

print('com win!!')

elif len(com.color()) < len(peop.color()):

print('players win!!')

else:

print('0比0')

score = str(len(peop.color())) +':'+ str(len(com.color()))

break

com_turn()

if peop.status == False and com.status == False:

print("Both players have no valid move.")

print("Game Over")

print('com:{}**peop:{}'.format(com.color(), peop.color()))

if len(com.color()) > len(peop.color()):

print('com win!!')

elif len(com.color()) < len(peop.color()):

print('players win!!')

else:

print('0比0')

score = str(len(peop.color())) +':'+ str(len(com.color()))

break

peop.qp_print()

t2 = time.time()

time_sep = int(t2 - t1)

if hei_player == 'computer':

bai_player = 'players'

else:

bai_player = 'computer'

def save_info(begin_time, time_sep, dim, hei_player, bai_player, score):

with open('reversi.csv', 'a', newline='') as f:

writer = csv.writer(f)

writer.writerow([begin_time, time_sep, str(dim)+'*'+str(dim), hei_player, bai_player, score])

save_info(begin_time, time_sep, Dimension, hei_player, bai_player, score)

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