在上一篇教程 Linux压缩和解压rar 中写了 rar 的压缩和解压，这里继续来写 7z 的压缩和解压。7z 是现在主流的一种压缩格式，它拥有极高的压缩比，我做过一个测试，用 rar 和 7z 压缩同一个文件，都选择最高质量，最终经过 7z 压缩的文件体积确实要比 rar 小一些，而且 7z 是开源免费的，现在很多压缩工具也都能解压 7z。

我用来演示的 Linux 版本是 CentOS7，因为 CentOS 的 yum 没有 p7zip，所以只能手动下载 rpm 安装。

下载 p7zip：wget https://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/p/p7zip-16.02-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

下载 p7zip-plugins：wget https://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/p/p7zip-plugins-16.02-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装 p7zip：rpm -ivh p7zip-16.02-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装 p7zip-plugins：rpm -ivh p7zip-plugins-16.02-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

如果要更详细的了解 rpm 包管理可以看 Linux rpm包管理，安装完成后输入 7z，如果出现帮助信息说明安装成功。

如果是 Ubuntu 这一类系统的话，直接输入下面的两条命令自动下载安装：apt-get install p7zip

apt-get install p7zip-full

关于使用方法 CentOS 和 Ubuntu 都是一样的。

压缩

压缩文件： 7z a 压缩包名 要压缩的文件名 ,下面把 1.php 压缩为 1.7z：[root@localhost home]# 7z a 1.7z 1.php

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21

p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=zh_CN.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz (506E3),ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive:

1 file, 35 bytes (1 KiB)

Creating archive: 1.7z

Items to compress: 1

Files read from disk: 1

Archive size: 153 bytes (1 KiB)

Everything is Ok

下面把 1.php 和 2.php 压缩为 file.7z：[root@localhost home]# 7z a file.7z 1.php 2.php

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21

p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=zh_CN.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz (506E3),ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive:

2 files, 224 bytes (1 KiB)

Creating archive: file.7z

Items to compress: 2

Files read from disk: 2

Archive size: 318 bytes (1 KiB)

Everything is Ok

下面把 dir 目录压缩为 dir.7z：[root@localhost home]# 7z a dir.7z dir

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21

p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=zh_CN.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz (506E3),ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive:

1 folder, 2 files, 224 bytes (1 KiB)

Creating archive: dir.7z

Items to compress: 3

Files read from disk: 2

Archive size: 338 bytes (1 KiB)

Everything is Ok

给压缩包添加文件： 7z u 压缩包名 要添加的文件名 ，下面把 2.php 添加到 1.7z：[root@localhost home]# 7z u 1.7z 2.php

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21

p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=zh_CN.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz (506E3),ASM,AES-NI)

Open archive: 1.7z

--

Path = 1.7z

Type = 7z

Physical Size = 153

Headers Size = 114

Method = LZMA2:12

Solid = -

Blocks = 1

Scanning the drive:

1 file, 189 bytes (1 KiB)

Updating archive: 1.7z

Items to compress: 1

Files read from disk: 1

Archive size: 336 bytes (1 KiB)

Everything is Ok

删除压缩包内的文件： 7z d 压缩包名 要删除的文件名 ，下面删除 1.7z 中的 2.php：[root@localhost home]# 7z d 1.7z 2.php

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21

p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=zh_CN.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz (506E3),ASM,AES-NI)

Open archive: 1.7z

--

Path = 1.7z

Type = 7z

Physical Size = 336

Headers Size = 161

Method = LZMA2:12

Solid = -

Blocks = 2

Updating archive: 1.7z

Items to compress: 0

Files read from disk: 0

Archive size: 153 bytes (1 KiB)

Everything is Ok

加密压缩： 7z a -p 压缩包名 要压缩的文件名 ，执行命令后会提示输入密码，输入密码的时候终端不会显示任何内容，下面把 1.php 加密压缩为 1.7z：[root@localhost home]# 7z a -p 1.7z 1.php

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21

p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=zh_CN.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz (506E3),ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive:

1 file, 35 bytes (1 KiB)

Creating archive: 1.7z

Items to compress: 1

Enter password (will not be echoed):

Verify password (will not be echoed) :

Files read from disk: 1

Archive size: 178 bytes (1 KiB)

Everything is Ok

解压

把文件解压到当前目录： 7z e 压缩包名 ，下面解压 1.7z：[root@localhost home]# 7z e 1.7z

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21

p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=zh_CN.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz (506E3),ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive for archives:

1 file, 153 bytes (1 KiB)

Extracting archive: 1.7z

--

Path = 1.7z

Type = 7z

Physical Size = 153

Headers Size = 114

Method = LZMA2:12

Solid = -

Blocks = 1

Everything is Ok

Size: 35

Compressed: 153

查看压缩包内的文件信息： 7z l 压缩包名 ,下面查看 1.7z 中的文件信息：[root@localhost home]# 7z l 1.7z

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21

p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=zh_CN.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz (506E3),ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive for archives:

1 file, 240 bytes (1 KiB)

Listing archive: 1.7z

--

Path = 1.7z

Type = 7z

Physical Size = 240

Headers Size = 158

Method = LZMA2:12

Solid = -

Blocks = 2

Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name

------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------

2019-02-24 10:41:29 ....A 35 39 1.php

2019-02-24 12:25:13 ....A 41 43 2.php

------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------

2019-02-24 12:25:13 76 82 2 files

下面是 p7zip 常用的一些参数：参数说明a压缩文件

d删除压缩包内的文件

e把文件解压到当前目录

h计算文件的哈希值

i显示有关支持格式的信息

l列出压缩包内的内容

m重命名压缩包内的文件

t测试压缩包的完整性

u添加文件到压缩包

p7zip 除了上面列出的参数外还有很多可选的选项，下面是 p7zip 的帮助说明：

a : Add files to archive

b : Benchmark

d : Delete files from archive

e : Extract files from archive (without using directory names)

h : Calculate hash values for files

i : Show information about supported formats

l : List contents of archive

rn : Rename files in archive

t : Test integrity of archive

u : Update files to archive

x : eXtract files with full paths

-- : Stop switches parsing

-ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include archives

-ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude archives

-ao{a|s|t|u} : set Overwrite mode

-an : disable archive_name field

-bb[0-3] : set output log level

-bd : disable progress indicator

-bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2} : set output stream for output/error/progress line

-bt : show execution time statistics

-i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include filenames

-m{Parameters} : set compression Method

-mmt[N] : set number of CPU threads

-o{Directory} : set Output directory

-p{Password} : set Password

-r[-|0] : Recurse subdirectories

-sa{a|e|s} : set Archive name mode

-scc{UTF-8|WIN|DOS} : set charset for for console input/output

-scs{UTF-8|UTF-16LE|UTF-16BE|WIN|DOS|{id}} : set charset for list files

-scrc[CRC32|CRC64|SHA1|SHA256|*] : set hash function for x, e, h commands

-sdel : delete files after compression

-seml[.] : send archive by email

-sfx[{name}] : Create SFX archive

-si[{name}] : read data from stdin

-slp : set Large Pages mode

-slt : show technical information for l (List) command

-snh : store hard links as links

-snl : store symbolic links as links

-sni : store NT security information

-sns[-] : store NTFS alternate streams

-so : write data to stdout

-spd : disable wildcard matching for file names

-spe : eliminate duplication of root folder for extract command

-spf : use fully qualified file paths

-ssc[-] : set sensitive case mode

-ssw : compress shared files

-stl : set archive timestamp from the most recently modified file

-stm{HexMask} : set CPU thread affinity mask (hexadecimal number)

-stx{Type} : exclude archive type

-t{Type} : Set type of archive

-u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] : Update options

-v{Size}[b|k|m|g] : Create volumes

-w[{path}] : assign Work directory. Empty path means a temporary directory

-x[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude filenames

-y : assume Yes on all queries

到这里关于 Linux 的压缩基本上就已经写完了。

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