程序实现汉字转换为拼音

做了一个讯飞语音识别的项目，API返回的识别结果是汉字格式。需要提取关键字与数据库中的数据进行匹配，为提高数据的识别率。考虑到需要将数据库中的文字和识别后的数据转换为拼音的形式进行匹配。但也没找到相关的转换api和转换库。因此只能自己实现，实现后发现识别速度和准确率也还不错。

原理：汉字转换为拼音的转换原理主要是利用了GB2312编码格式与拼音的对应关系。GB2312编码主要的部分是中文，当然也包含符号、数字、字母、日文、制表符等，它采用16位编码方式，简体中文的编码范围从B0A1一直到F7FE，完整编码表可以参考http://ash.jp/code/cn/gb2312tbl.htm。如果我们把该编码的每8位用十进制来表示就是[176 | 161]到[247 | 254]，这样对于每个中文字符，我们都可以通过两个值来表示它，如“啊”就是[176 | 161]，“我”则是[206 | 210]。通过上面的方法，我们就可以通过一个二维坐标对每一个中文字进行定位，从而建立一个二维表来实现中文和拼音的对应关系。当然我们会忽略一些特殊情况，比如汉字的多音字问题。由于一个拼音可能对应多个汉字，而拼音的组合本来就不多，因此我们需要建立一个拼音音节表。

使用JAVA实现代码如下

public class ConvertPY {//汉语转换为拼音实现类private StringBuilder buffer;private String resource;private static ConvertPY chineseSpelling = new ConvertPY();private boolean IsFirst=false;private static int[] pyvalue = new int[] { -20319, -20317, -20304, -20295,-20292, -20283, -20265, -20257, -20242, -20230, -20051, -20036,-20032, -20026, -20002, -19990, -19986, -19982, -19976, -19805,-19784, -19775, -19774, -19763, -19756, -19751, -19746, -19741,-19739, -19728, -19725, -19715, -19540, -19531, -19525, -19515,-19500, -19484, -19479, -19467, -19289, -19288, -19281, -19275,-19270, -19263, -19261, -19249, -19243, -19242, -19238, -19235,-19227, -19224, -19218, -19212, -19038, -19023, -19018, -19006,-19003, -18996, -18977, -18961, -18952, -18783, -18774, -18773,-18763, -18756, -18741, -18735, -18731, -18722, -18710, -18697,-18696, -18526, -18518, -18501, -18490, -18478, -18463, -18448,-18447, -18446, -18239, -18237, -18231, -18220, -18211, -18201,-18184, -18183, -18181, -18012, -17997, -17988, -17970, -17964,-17961, -17950, -17947, -17931, -17928, -17922, -17759, -17752,-17733, -17730, -17721, -17703, -17701, -17697, -17692, -17683,-17676, -17496, -17487, -17482, -17468, -17454, -17433, -17427,-17417, -17202, -17185, -16983, -16970, -16942, -16915, -16733,-16708, -16706, -16689, -16664, -16657, -16647, -16474, -16470,-16465, -16459, -16452, -16448, -16433, -16429, -16427, -16423,-16419, -16412, -16407, -16403, -16401, -16393, -16220, -16216,-16212, -16205, -16202, -16187, -16180, -16171, -16169, -16158,-16155, -15959, -15958, -15944, -15933, -15920, -15915, -15903,-15889, -15878, -15707, -15701, -15681, -15667, -15661, -15659,-15652, -15640, -15631, -15625, -15454, -15448, -15436, -15435,-15419, -15416, -15408, -15394, -15385, -15377, -15375, -15369,-15363, -15362, -15183, -15180, -15165, -15158, -15153, -15150,-15149, -15144, -15143, -15141, -15140, -15139, -15128, -15121,-15119, -15117, -15110, -15109, -14941, -14937, -14933, -14930,-14929, -14928, -14926, -14922, -14921, -14914, -14908, -14902,-14894, -14889, -14882, -14873, -14871, -14857, -14678, -14674,-14670, -14668, -14663, -14654, -14645, -14630, -14594, -14429,-14407, -14399, -14384, -14379, -14368, -14355, -14353, -14345,-14170, -14159, -14151, -14149, -14145, -14140, -14137, -14135,-14125, -14123, -14122, -14112, -14109, -14099, -14097, -14094,-14092, -14090, -14087, -14083, -13917, -13914, -13910, -13907,-13906, -13905, -13896, -13894, -13878, -13870, -13859, -13847,-13831, -13658, -13611, -13601, -13406, -13404, -13400, -13398,-13395, -13391, -13387, -13383, -13367, -13359, -13356, -13343,-13340, -13329, -13326, -13318, -13147, -13138, -13120, -13107,-13096, -13095, -13091, -13076, -13068, -13063, -13060, -12888,-12875, -12871, -12860, -12858, -12852, -12849, -12838, -12831,-12829, -12812, -12802, -12607, -12597, -12594, -12585, -12556,-12359, -12346, -12320, -12300, -12120, -12099, -12089, -12074,-12067, -12058, -12039, -11867, -11861, -11847, -11831, -11798,-11781, -11604, -11589, -11536, -11358, -11340, -11339, -11324,-11303, -11097, -11077, -11067, -11055, -11052, -11045, -11041,-11038, -11024, -11020, -11019, -11018, -11014, -10838, -10832,-10815, -10800, -10790, -10780, -10764, -10587, -10544, -10533,-10519, -10331, -10329, -10328, -10322, -10315, -10309, -10307,-10296, -10281, -10274, -10270, -10262, -10260, -10256, -10254 };private static String[] pystr = new String[] { "a", "ai", "an", "ang","ao", "ba", "bai", "ban", "bang", "bao", "bei", "ben", "beng","bi", "bian", "biao", "bie", "bin", "bing", "bo", "bu", "ca","cai", "can", "cang", "cao", "ce", "ceng", "cha", "chai", "chan","chang", "chao", "che", "chen", "cheng", "chi", "chong", "chou","chu", "chuai", "chuan", "chuang", "chui", "chun", "chuo", "ci","cong", "cou", "cu", "cuan", "cui", "cun", "cuo", "da", "dai","dan", "dang", "dao", "de", "deng", "di", "dian", "diao", "die","ding", "diu", "dong", "dou", "du", "duan", "dui", "dun", "duo","e", "en", "er", "fa", "fan", "fang", "fei", "fen", "feng", "fo","fou", "fu", "ga", "gai", "gan", "gang", "gao", "ge", "gei", "gen","geng", "gong", "gou", "gu", "gua", "guai", "guan", "guang", "gui","gun", "guo", "ha", "hai", "han", "hang", "hao", "he", "hei","hen", "heng", "hong", "hou", "hu", "hua", "huai", "huan", "huang","hui", "hun", "huo", "ji", "jia", "jian", "jiang", "jiao", "jie","jin", "jing", "jiong", "jiu", "ju", "juan", "jue", "jun", "ka","kai", "kan", "kang", "kao", "ke", "ken", "keng", "kong", "kou","ku", "kua", "kuai", "kuan", "kuang", "kui", "kun", "kuo", "la","lai", "lan", "lang", "lao", "le", "lei", "leng", "li", "lia","lian", "liang", "liao", "lie", "lin", "ling", "liu", "long","lou", "lu", "lv", "luan", "lue", "lun", "luo", "ma", "mai", "man","mang", "mao", "me", "mei", "men", "meng", "mi", "mian", "miao","mie", "min", "ming", "miu", "mo", "mou", "mu", "na", "nai", "nan","nang", "nao", "ne", "nei", "nen", "neng", "ni", "nian", "niang","niao", "nie", "nin", "ning", "niu", "nong", "nu", "nv", "nuan","nue", "nuo", "o", "ou", "pa", "pai", "pan", "pang", "pao", "pei","pen", "peng", "pi", "pian", "piao", "pie", "pin", "ping", "po","pu", "qi", "qia", "qian", "qiang", "qiao", "qie", "qin", "qing","qiong", "qiu", "qu", "quan", "que", "qun", "ran", "rang", "rao","re", "ren", "reng", "ri", "rong", "rou", "ru", "ruan", "rui","run", "ruo", "sa", "sai", "san", "sang", "sao", "se", "sen","seng", "sha", "shai", "shan", "shang", "shao", "she", "shen","sheng", "shi", "shou", "shu", "shua", "shuai", "shuan", "shuang","shui", "shun", "shuo", "si", "song", "sou", "su", "suan", "sui","sun", "suo", "ta", "tai", "tan", "tang", "tao", "te", "teng","ti", "tian", "tiao", "tie", "ting", "tong", "tou", "tu", "tuan","tui", "tun", "tuo", "wa", "wai", "wan", "wang", "wei", "wen","weng", "wo", "wu", "xi", "xia", "xian", "xiang", "xiao", "xie","xin", "xing", "xiong", "xiu", "xu", "xuan", "xue", "xun", "ya","yan", "yang", "yao", "ye", "yi", "yin", "ying", "yo", "yong","you", "yu", "yuan", "yue", "yun", "za", "zai", "zan", "zang","zao", "ze", "zei", "zen", "zeng", "zha", "zhai", "zhan", "zhang","zhao", "zhe", "zhen", "zheng", "zhi", "zhong", "zhou", "zhu","zhua", "zhuai", "zhuan", "zhuang", "zhui", "zhun", "zhuo", "zi","zong", "zou", "zu", "zuan", "zui", "zun", "zuo" };public void setFirst(boolean flag){this.IsFirst=flag;}public String toUpFirst(String str){//返回大写字母return str.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase();}public static ConvertPY getInstance() {return chineseSpelling;}public String getResource() {return resource;}public void setResource(String resource) {this.resource = resource;}private int getChsAscii(String chs) {int asc = 0;try {byte[] bytes = chs.getBytes("gb2312");if (bytes == null || bytes.length > 2 || bytes.length <= 0) { // 错误// logthrow new RuntimeException("illegal resource string");// System.out.println("error");}if (bytes.length == 1) { // 英文字符asc = bytes[0];}if (bytes.length == 2) { // 中文字符int hightByte = 256 + bytes[0];int lowByte = 256 + bytes[1];asc = (256 * hightByte + lowByte) - 256 * 256;}} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println("ERROR:ChineseSpelling.class-getChsAscii(String chs)"+ e);// e.printStackTrace();}return asc;}/*** 转换单个汉字* * @param str* @return*/public String convert(String str) {String result = null;int ascii = getChsAscii(str);if (ascii > 0 && ascii < 160) {result = String.valueOf((char) ascii);} else {for (int i = (pyvalue.length - 1); i >= 0; i--) {if (pyvalue[i] <= ascii) {result = pystr[i];break;}}}if(IsFirst)return toUpFirst(result);elsereturn result;}/*** 转换一个或多个汉字* * @param str* @return*/public String convertAll(String str) {String result = "";String strTemp = null;for (int j = 0; j < str.length(); j++) {strTemp = str.substring(j, j + 1);int ascii = getChsAscii(strTemp);if (ascii > 0 && ascii < 160) {result += String.valueOf((char) ascii);} else {for (int i = (pyvalue.length - 1); i >= 0; i--) {if (pyvalue[i] <= ascii) {if(IsFirst)result += toUpFirst(pystr[i]);elseresult += pystr[i];break;}}}}return result;}public String getSelling(String chs) {String key, value;buffer = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 0; i < chs.length(); i++) {key = chs.substring(i, i + 1);if (key.getBytes().length == 2) {value = (String) convert(key);if (value == null) {value = "unknown";}} else {value = key;}buffer.append(value);}return buffer.toString();}public String getSpelling() {return this.getSelling(this.getResource());}public static String trans2PinYin(String str) {return ConvertPY.getInstance().convertAll(str);}
}

参考文档：http://xsl2007.iteye.com/blog/992985

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