研究生综合英语上第五单元

yoga瑜伽
yogi瑜伽人
yogic adj
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/ec931c8e7a97417dace0c0914baab331.png

1.Yoga originated in ancient India and is one of the longest surviving philosophical systems in the world.
瑜伽起源于古印度，是世界上最古老的哲学体系之一。
Some scholars have estimated that yoga is as old as 5,000 years; artifacts detailing yoga postures have been found in India from over 3,000 B.C.
一些学者估计，瑜伽至少有5,000年的历史；印度曾出土过3,000年前的表现瑜伽姿势的手工艺品。
Yogis claim that it is a highly developed science of healthy living that has been tested and perfected for all these years.
瑜伽师们认为，经过几千年的考验和完善，瑜伽已经发展成为一门养生的成熟科学。
Yoga was first brought to America in the late 1800s when Swami Vivekananda, an Indian teacher and yogi, presented a lecture on meditation in Chicago.
19世纪晚期，印度学者、瑜伽师斯瓦米·维韦卡南达在芝加哥做了一场关于冥想的演讲，从此瑜伽传人了美国。
Yoga slowly began gaining followers, and flourished during the 1960s when there was a surge of interest in Eastern philosophy.
慢慢地有人开始练习瑜伽，并在20世纪60年代东方哲学热盛行的时候形成了学习瑜伽的高潮。
There has since been a vast exchange of yoga knowledge in America, with many students going to India to study and many Indian experts coming here to teach, resulting in the establishment of a wide variety of schools.
从此，瑜伽知识在美国传播开来，许多学徒专程前往印度学习，很多印度瑜伽师也来到美国教学，创办了大量瑜伽学校。
Today, yoga is thriving, and it has become easy to find teachers and practitioners throughout America.
天的美国，瑜伽已十分盛行，瑜伽教练和练习者随处可见。
A recent Roper poll, commissionedby Yoga Journal, found that 11 million Americans do yoga at least occasionally\arly.
今最近一项由《瑜伽月刊》委托洛普民调机构所做的调查显示，有1,100万的美国人至少会偶尔做一次瑜伽，另有600万的美国人会经常做瑜伽。
Yoga stretches are used by physical therapists and professional sports teams, and the benefits of yoga are being touted by movie stars and Fortune 500 executives.
瑜伽已被广泛应用于身体治疗和专业运动队的日常训练，做瑜伽的好处也被电影明星和《财富》杂志世界500强企业的总裁们争相吹捧。
Many prestigious schools of medicine have studied and introduced yoga techniques as proven therapies for illness and stress.
许多医学名校已经研究并提出能够有效缓解疾病和压力的瑜伽术了。
Some medical schools, like UCLA, even offer yoga classes as part of their physician training program. 17
包括加州大学洛杉矶分校在内的一些医学院甚至还为内科医学专业的学生开设了瑜伽课程。

2、There are several different schools of hatha yoga in America; the two most prevalent流行的 ones are Iyengar and Ashtanga yoga.
美国有许多不同的哈他(传统)瑜伽学派，其中最流行的是艾扬格派和阿斯汤加派。
Iyengar yoga was founded by Iyengar, who is widely considered as被广泛的认为 one of the great living innovators创新者/在世的 of yoga.
艾扬格瑜伽的创立者是·艾扬格，他是世界上目前仍健在的最伟大的瑜伽改革者之一。
Iyengar yoga puts strict emphasis on严格强调 form and alignment, and uses traditional hatha yoga techniques in new manners and sequences.
艾扬格瑜伽十分注重姿势和协调性，它采用新的方式和顺序练习传统瑜伽。
Iyengar yoga can be god for physical therapy身体理疗 because it allows the use of props like straps and blocks to make it easier for some people to get into the yoga postures.
艾扬格瑜伽有助于身体治疗，因为它允许练习者使用瑜伽伸展带、瑜伽砖等辅助器材来减少做瑜伽动作的难度。
Ashtanga yoga can be a more vigorous routine, using a flowing and dance-like sequence of一系列in按顺序/out不按顺序 hatha postures to generate发热 body heat, which purifies净化 the body through sweating and deep breathing.
阿斯汤加瑜伽有着更精准的要求，练习者要用舞蹈般流畅的动作来练习传统瑜伽，从而使身体发热，并通过出汗和深呼吸来净化自己的身体。

3 Yoga routines瑜伽动作 can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation.
做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。
Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous费力的 as the most difficult workout,and some routines merely stretch and align平衡 the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady.
根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。
Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a dailydiscipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept内行的熟练的.
每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度，这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。

The basic positions can increase a person’s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being幸福感 almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect方面facet/respect/side of yoga for many.
练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。

4、Yoga is usually best learned from a yoga teacher or physical therapist, but yoga is simple enough that one can learn the basics基础的技能 from good books on the subject, which are plentiful很多.
能向瑜伽教练或身体治疗师学习瑜伽是最好不过了，但因为瑜伽入门并不难，所以也可以从大量的介绍瑜伽的正规书籍中自学它的基本动作。

Yoga classes are generally inexpensive, averaging around 10 dollars per class, and students can learn basic postures in just a few classes.
瑜伽课的学费一般不贵，平均一堂课10美元，学员们在几节课内就能学会基础的瑜伽动作。

Many YMCAs, colleges, and community healthorganizations offer beginning yoga classes as well, often for nominal名义上 fees.
许多地方的基督教青年会、大学和社区健康协会都开办有瑜伽入门学习班，而且通常只象征性地收取一点儿费用。
If yoga is part of a physical therapy program, it can be reimbursed报销 by insurance.
如果是作为身体治疗项目的一部分，瑜伽费用还能算在医疗保险的范围之内。

5、 Yoga can also provide the same benefits as any well-designed exercise program, increasing general health and stamina耐力 reducing stress, and improving those conditions brought about by sedentary久坐不动 lifestyles.
瑜伽还能带来和精心设计的练习一样的效果，使人增强体质、焕发活力，并帮助人们舒缓压力和久坐带来的疲劳。
Yoga has the added另外的 advantage of being a low- impact activity低强度的活动 that uses only gravity as resistance, which makes it an excellent physical therapy routine:
瑜伽的另一个优点是，除了地心引力外，它不需承担额外的阻力，这使它成为身体治疗方法的不二之选；
certain yoga postures can be safelyused to strengthen and balance all parts of the body.
特定的瑜伽动作能安全有效地增强人的力量，提高身体的平衡度。

6、Meditation has been much studied and approved for its benefits in reducing stresses- related压力有关的 conditions.
研究表明，冥想能帮助人们缓解压力。
The landmark标志性的 book, The Relaxation Response, by Harvard cardiologist心脏病学家 Herbert Benson, showed that meditation and breathing techniques for relaxation could have the opposite effect of stress, reducing blood pressure and other indicators指标,
哈佛心脏医学家赫伯特·班森在他划时代的著作《放松反应》里说道，冥想和呼吸技巧能使身体放松，达到与压力相反的效果，并使血压等一系列指标回落。
Since then, much research has reiterated重申 the benefits of meditation for stress reduction and general health.
从那以后，越来越多的研究都重申了冥想对减压和身体健康的积极影响。
Currently, the American Medical Association recommends meditation techniques as a first step before medication for borderline 疑似的hypertension高血压 cases.
现在，美国医学协会已推荐把冥想疗法替代药物治疗用于治疗疑似高血压的第一步了。

7、 Modern psychological Studies have shown that even slight facial expressions can cause changes in the involuntary不自觉地 nervous system; yoga utilizes使用 the mind/body connection.
现代心理学研究表明，即使细微的表情变化也会引起神经系统的自主改变；而瑜伽正是身体和心灵的绝妙结合.
That is, yoga practice contains the central ideas that physical posture and alignment平衡 can influence a person’s mood and self-esteem, and also that the mind精神 can be used to shape and heal治疗 the body.
瑜伽练习的中心思想就是，身体的姿态将影响人的心情和自我意识，而人的精神又能塑造和治愈人的身体。
Yoga practitioners claim that the strengthening of mind/body awareness can bring eventual improvements in all facets of a person’s life.
瑜伽练习者认为，精神体质的加强最终将为生活的各方面都带来好处。

8.Yoga can be performed by those of any age and condition, although not all poses should be attempted by everyone.
虽然有些姿势并不适合所有人练习，但是任何年龄段的人在任何条件下都能练习瑜伽。
Yoga is also a very accessible易于达到的 form of exercise; all that is needed is a flat floor surface一个平面 large enough to stretch out on, a mat or towel, and enough overhead space to full raise the arms.
练瑜伽的准备工作也很简单；只需一块可以伸展肢体的平地、一块垫子或毛巾和一个足以抬起手臂的空间就可以展开练习了。
It is a good activity for those who can’t go to gyms, who don’t like other forms of exercise, or have, very busy schedules.
对去不了体育馆、不喜欢其他体育运动和十分忙碌的人来说，瑜伽是一项再好不过的活动了。
Yoga should be done on an empty stomach, and teachers recommend waiting three or more hours after meals. Loose and comfortable clothing should he worn.
练习时应穿着宽松舒适的服装并保持空腹，瑜伽师推荐饭后三小时以上为宜。

Beginners should exercise care and concentration when performing yoga postures, and not try to stretch too much too quickly, as injury could result.
初学者在练习时应集中注意力，小心动作不要做得太过太快，以免受伤。
Some advanced yoga postures, like the headstand and full lotus position, can be difficult and require strength, flexibility, and gradual preparation, so beginners should get the help of a teacher before attempting them.
一些高阶的瑜伽动作，如头倒立式和全莲花坐式，需要有很好的力量、柔韧性和日积月累的练习作准备，因此初学者应在瑜伽师的指导下做这些动作。

10.Yoga is not a competitive sport; it does not matter how a person does in comparison with于，，对比 others, but how aware and disciplined one becomes with one’s own body and limitations.
瑜伽不是竞技体育；练瑜伽不需要和别人比，练瑜伽的目的是提高自己的觉悟和身心自律能力。
Proper form and alignment should always be maintained during a stretch or posture, and the stretch or posture should be stopped when there is pain, dizziness, or fatigue.
做瑜伽必须保持姿势的正确，一旦感到疼痛、头晕或疲劳就必须停止。
The mental component心里成分 of yoga is just as important as the physical postures. Concentration andawareness breath should not be neglected.
做瑜伽时，身体和精神一样重要，要注意集中精力去感受呼吸。
Yoga should be done with an open, gentle, and non-critical mind: when one stretches into a position, it can be thought of as accepting and working on one’s limits.
练习时必须心胸开阔、平和；当你伸展肢体做每一个瑜伽动作时，你就是在接受挑战去达到自己的极限。
Impatience, self-criticism and comparing把，，比作 oneself to others will not help in this process of self-knowledge自我认识.
不耐烦、自责和与他人相比都不利于这一过程中自我认识的实现。
While performing the yoga of breathing (pranayama) and meditation (dyana), it is best to have an experienced teacher, as these powerful techniques技巧性很强的动作 can cause dizziness and discomfort when done improperly.
当练习呼吸法(调息)和冥想法(禅定)时，最好由经验丰富的瑜伽师来指导，因为一旦练习不当，这些技巧性很强的动作会使人感到头晕不适。

11.Although yoga originated in a culture very different from modern America, it has been accepted and its practice has spread relatively quickly.
虽然瑜伽的发源地与现代美国文化迥异，但它却得到了认同，并很快地传播开来。
Many yogis are amazed at how rapidly yoga’s popularity has spread in America, considering the legend that it was passed down流传 secretly by handfuls of为数不多的 adherents tor many centuries.
许多世纪以来，瑜伽只是在极少信徒的言传身教中得以流传，而今它在美国快速普及，这使许多瑜伽师感到很惊异。

12.There can still be found some resistance to对，，抵抗 yoga, for active and busy Americans sometimes find it hard to believe that an exercise program that requires them to slow down慢下来, concentrate, and breathe deeply can be more effective than lifting weights or running,
也有一些人反对瑜伽，因为勤奋忙碌的美国人很难相信这项要他们放慢速度、集中精力进行深呼吸的运动会比举重或慢跑更有效。
However, ongoing仍在进行 research in top medical schools is showing yoga’s effectiveness for overall全面的 health and for specific problems, making it an increasingly acceptable health practice.
然而，越来越多的来自顶尖医学院的研究结果表明，瑜伽对全身健康和特殊病症都有好处，这也使越来越多的人接受这项健康的运动。

1、The speaker announced the establishment of a new college. 发言人宣布了新学院的成立。 B
A、breakdown；B、setup；C、output；D、construction
A、击穿；B、设置；C、输出；D、建造，建筑物
2、He has traveled extensively in China，recording every facet of life. 他广泛游历中国，记录了生活的方方面面。D
A、detail；B、corner；C、step；D、aspect
A、细节；B、角；C、步；D、方面
3、This negative attitude is surprisingly prevalent among young boys. 在年轻男孩中这种消极的态度令人惊讶的常见。C
A、liberal；B、previous；C、common；D、definite
A、自由；B、以前的；C、常见；D、明确
4、At that point,the public sector deficit was estimated to be around ￡45 billion.在这一点上，公共部门赤字估计约为￡45 billion。 B
A、forecasted；B、judged；C、determined；D、boasted
A、预测；B、判断；C、确定；D、吹嘘
5、It was claimed that some doctors were working 80hs a week. 据说有些医生每周工作80hs。 C
A、revealed；B、required；C、stated；D、pleaded
A、透露；B、要求；c、表示；D、恳求
6、Widelife seems to flourish in the area. 野生动物似乎在该地区很繁荣。 A
A、grow well；B、pass out quickly；C、settle down easily；D、make up conveniently
A、生长良好；B、通快；C、定居地；D、弥补方便
7、He lives in Australia now,so we only see him very occasionally. 7、他现在住在澳大利亚，所以我们只偶尔看到他。B
A、regularly；B、sometimes；C、scarcely；D、often
A、定期；B、有时；C、几乎；D、经常
8、She has been commissioned to write a new national anthem.她被委托写一首新的国歌。 D
A、asked；B、required；C、ordered；D、contracted
A、要求；b、要求；c、有序；D、契约的
9、One of the most prestigious universities in the country is looking for a new president. 一个全国最有声望的大学正在寻找一位新总统。C
A、popular；B、prosperous；C、admired；D、aspect
A、流行；B、繁荣；C、钦佩；D、方面
10、He wouldn’t let me reimburse him for the cost of his journey.他不会让我偿还他旅途的费用。A
A、支付；B、电荷；C、开关；D、惩罚
A、pay；B、charge；C、switch；D、punish
11、Gaining confidence is a major component when developing leadership skills. 领导能力的提升是获得信心的一个重要组成部分。C
A、reason；B、legend；C、part；D、necessity.
A、原因；B、传奇；C、部分D、；必要性。
12、We need to be given greater flexibility in the use of resources.我们需要能非常灵活运用的资源。D
A、capacity to sustain；B、ability to maximize；C、rise of productivity；D、ability to make changes
A、维持的能力；B、最大限度利用的能力；C、提高生产力；D、做出改变的能力
13、He’ll never get anywhere working for himself —he lacks self-discipline. 他在任何地方都不可能靠自己得到工作——他缺乏自律。 B
A、military training；B、self control；C、a vivid imagination；D、a sense of belonging
A、军事训练；B、自我控制；C、生动的想象力；D、归属感

A. It’s one of the greatest masterpieces of Western art。
这是西方艺术中最伟大的杰作之一
B. I never quite mastered the art of walking in high heels。
我从来没有完全掌握过穿高跟鞋走路的艺术
C. He doesn’t have mastery of the basic rules of grammar.
他没有掌握语法的基本规则。

A. He has clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform。
他明确承诺，政府将继续沿着经济改革的道路前进
B。 You can commission them to paint something especially for you.
你可以委托他们为你画一些特别的东西。
C。 She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment。
她现在不想对史蒂夫做出巨大的情感承诺

A。 Franklin is in charge of executing the company’s reorganization plan。
富兰克林负责执行公司的重组计划
B. The solicitors are proceeding with the execution of her mother’s will。
律师们正在着手执行她母亲的遗嘱
C. He sits on the executive committee that manages the bank.
他是管理银行的执行委员会成员。

A. Bear’s Cafe needs to pay more attention to presentation and taste。
熊咖啡馆需要更加注意的展示和口味
B. The goddess is represented as a woman with cow’s horns。
女神被描绘成一个长着牛角的女人
C。 The sword was presented by the family to the museum。
这把剑是这家人送给博物馆的
D。 Were you present when the news was announced？
新闻公布时你在场吗

A。 The patent lists six inventors who worked on the system。
该专利列出了六名发明者，他们在该系统上工作
B。 Foreign investors have shown considerable interest in the venture。
外国投资者对该合资企业表现出相当大的兴趣
C。 Caesar planned vast projects and emerged as a great military innovators.
凯撒策划了庞大的项目，并成为一名伟大的军事创新者。
A. We had to stop for breath before we got to the top。
我们必须停下来喘口气，才能登上山顶
B。 She lay awake listening to her sister’s steady breathing。
她醒着躺在床上，听着她姐姐稳定的呼吸
C. The bank’s new on-line service is still growing at a breathtaking pace。
该银行新的在线服务仍在以惊人的速度增长
D. I was a little breathless and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast。
我有点气喘吁吁，心跳又快又颠簸
A. The emotional and physical strain of the previous day had left him exhausted。
前一天的情绪和身体压力让他筋疲力尽
B。 The drug produced no obvious physiological response。
该药物没有产生明显的生理反应
C。 Robyn’s loss of memory is a psychological problem, rather than a physical one.
罗宾的记忆力丧失是一个心理问题，而不是身体问题。
A. Martial arts teach respect， discipline， and cooperation.
武术教人尊重、纪律和合作。
B。 We are trying to get the baby into a routine of feeding and sleeping。
我们正试着让宝宝养成喂食和睡觉的习惯
C. You must discipline yourself to finish your work on time。
你必须约束自己按时完成工作
A。 You’re getting better—you just need a little more practice.
你越来越好了，你只需要多一点练习。
B。 The new drug has performed well in tests.
这种新药在测试中表现良好
C。 Gemma spent hours trying to perfect her technique。
杰玛花了几个小时试图完美她的技巧
D. In those days it was not thought entirely proper for a woman to be on the stage.
在那些日子里，一个女人站在舞台上是不完全合适的
A. The decision provoked an angry reaction from local residents.
这一决定引起了当地居民的愤怒反应。
B。 It took hours of negotiations to bring about a reconciliation between the two sides。
经过数小时的谈判，双方达成了和解
C. The demonstrators offered little or no resistance to the police。
示威者几乎没有或根本没有对警察进行抵抗
D。 There has been no response to his remarks from the government.
政府对他的言论没有回应

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研究生综合英语上第五单元

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