Puppet 资源公有属性的其他描述方式

puppet的资源公有属性中还可以通过"->"和"~>"两种特殊符号来描述资源与资源之间的关系.

->：用于表示资源与资源之间的先后关系,等同于before和require两个资源公有属性.

~>：用于表示资源之间的通知,等同于notify和subscribe练个资源公有属性.

示例: "->"用法

安装httpd并运行httpd服务的puppet代码如下:

[root@sh-web1 ~]# cat httpd2.pp
package {"httpd":ensure => present,provider => 'yum',
}
service {"httpd":ensure => running,enable => true,
}
Package["httpd"] -> Service["httpd"]

运行结果:

[root@sh-web1 ~]# puppet apply httpd2.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-web1.localdomain in environment production in 0.06 seconds
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Package[httpd]/ensure: created
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[httpd]/ensure: ensure changed 'stopped' to 'running'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 3.02 seconds
[root@sh-web1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd status
httpd (pid  81254) is running...

示例: "~>"用法

[root@sh-web1 ~]# cat httpd.pp
package {"httpd":ensure => present,provider => 'yum',
}
service {"httpd":ensure => running,enable => true,
}
file {'/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf':ensure => file,
}
Package["httpd"] -> File ['/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf'] ~> Service["httpd"]

运行结果:

[root@sh-web1 ~]# puppet apply httpd.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-web1.localdomain in environment production in 0.07 seconds
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Package[httpd]/ensure: created
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[httpd]/ensure: ensure changed 'stopped' to 'running'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 3.25 seconds
[root@sh-web1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd status
httpd (pid  81493) is running...

生产上并不会像上面那样去写,一个资源可能很大，篇幅很长.

如下两种写法:

第一种:

[root@sh-web1 ~]# cat httpd2.pp
package {"httpd":ensure => present,
provider => 'yum',
}
->
service {"httpd":ensure => running,
enable => true,
}

第二种:

[root@sh-web1 ~]# cat httpd2.pp
package {"httpd":ensure => present,provider => 'yum',
} ->
service {"httpd":ensure => running,enable => true,
}

[root@sh-web1 ~]# puppet apply httpd2.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-web1.localdomain in environment production in 0.04 seconds
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Package[httpd]/ensure: created
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[httpd]/ensure: ensure changed 'stopped' to 'running'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 2.28 seconds

注意:大部分都是第二种写法，"->"或"~>"跟在花括号的后面,但是个人习惯用第一种反正更新puppet不报错也能得到想要结果就ok.

audit审计

audit资源公有属性主要用于资源属性的审计,当某资源状态变化时,它可以将变化的内容抓夹到系统日志中.

puppet代码如下:

[root@sh-web1 ~]# cat file.pp
file {"/etc/password":audit => [ owner,mode ],
}

运行过程,会看到改变通知.

[root@sh-web1 ~]# puppet apply file.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-web1.localdomain in environment production in 0.07 seconds
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/password]/owner: audit change: newly-recorded value absent
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/password]/mode: audit change: newly-recorded value absent
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.05 seconds