[转载]Spring Boot Actuator 使用

作者：FlySheep_ly
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/af9738634a21
来源：简书

Spring Boot 的 Actuator 提供了很多生产级的特性，比如监控和度量Spring Boot 应用程序。Actuator 的这些特性可以通过众多 REST 接口、远程 shell 和 JMX 获得。

一、Actuator 的 REST 接口

Spring Boot Actuator 的关键特性是在应用程序里提供众多 Web 接口，通过它们了解应用程序运行时的内部状况。Actuator 提供了 13 个接口，可以分为三大类：配置接口、度量接口和其它接口，具体如下表所示。

HTTP 方法	路径	描述
GET	/autoconfig	提供了一份自动配置报告，记录哪些自动配置条件通过了，哪些没通过
GET	/configprops	描述配置属性(包含默认值)如何注入Bean
GET	/beans	描述应用程序上下文里全部的Bean，以及它们的关系
GET	/dump	获取线程活动的快照
GET	/env	获取全部环境属性
GET	/env/{name}	根据名称获取特定的环境属性值
GET	/health	报告应用程序的健康指标，这些值由HealthIndicator的实现类提供
GET	/info	获取应用程序的定制信息，这些信息由info打头的属性提供
GET	/mappings	描述全部的URI路径，以及它们和控制器(包含Actuator端点)的映射关系
GET	/metrics	报告各种应用程序度量信息，比如内存用量和HTTP请求计数
GET	/metrics/{name}	报告指定名称的应用程序度量值
POST	/shutdown	关闭应用程序，要求endpoints.shutdown.enabled设置为true
GET	/trace	提供基本的HTTP请求跟踪信息(时间戳、HTTP头等)

要启用 Actuator 的端点，只要在项目中引入 Actuator 的依赖即可。对于 Maven 依赖，引入的依赖是这样的：

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

1. 查看配置明细

Actuator 有一些接口不仅可以显示组件映射关系，还可以告诉你自动配置在配置 Spring 应用程序上下文时做了哪些决策。

1.1 获得 Bean 装配报告

要了解应用程序中 Spring 上下文的情况，最重要的接口就是 /beans。它会返回一个 JSON 文档，描述上下文里每个 bean 的情况，包括其 Java 类型以及注入的其它 bean。返回的信息如下所示：

[{"context": "application","parent": null,"beans": [{"bean": "demoApplication","aliases": [],"scope": "singleton","type": "com.example.DemoApplication$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$88686e04","resource": "null","dependencies": []},{"bean": "org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.internalCachingMetadataReaderFactory","aliases": [],"scope": "singleton","type": "org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory","resource": "null","dependencies": []}]}
]

所有的 Bean 条目都有五类信息：

bean：Spring 应用程序上下文中的 Bean 名称或 ID。
resource：.class 文件的物理位置，通常是一个 URL，指向构建出的 JAR 文件。这会随着应用程序的构建和运行方式发生变化。
dependencies：当前 Bean 注入的 Bean ID 列表。
scope：Bean 的作用域（通常是单例，这也是默认作用域）。
type：Bean 的 Java 类型。

1.2 详解自动配置

/autoconfig接口能告诉你为什么会有这个 bean ，或者为什么没有这个 bean。

{"positiveMatches": {"AuditAutoConfiguration#auditListener": [{"condition": "OnBeanCondition","message": "@ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.boot.actuate.audit.listener.AbstractAuditListener; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans"}],"MultipartAutoConfiguration#multipartConfigElement": [{"condition": "OnBeanCondition","message": "@ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: javax.servlet.MultipartConfigElement; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans"}]},"negativeMatches": {"AuditAutoConfiguration#authenticationAuditListener": {"notMatched": [{"condition": "OnClassCondition","message": "@ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'org.springframework.security.authentication.event.AbstractAuthenticationEvent'"}],"matched": []},"AuditAutoConfiguration#authorizationAuditListener": {"notMatched": [{"condition": "OnClassCondition","message": "@ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'org.springframework.security.access.event.AbstractAuthorizationEvent'"}],"matched": []}}
}

1.3 查看配置属性

/env接口会生成应用程序可用的所有环境属性的列表，无论这些属性是否用到。这其中包括环境变量、JVM 属性、命令行参数，以及 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件提供的属性。

{"profiles": [],"server.ports": {"local.server.port": 8080},"servletContextInitParams": {},"systemProperties": {"java.runtime.name": "Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment","spring.output.ansi.enabled": "always","sun.boot.library.path": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib","java.vm.version": "25.121-b13","gopherProxySet": "false","java.vm.vendor": "Oracle Corporation","java.vendor.url": "http://java.oracle.com/","path.separator": ":","idea.launcher.port": "7532","java.vm.name": "Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM","file.encoding.pkg": "sun.io","user.country": "CN","sun.java.launcher": "SUN_STANDARD","sun.os.patch.level": "unknown","PID": "2716","java.vm.specification.name": "Java Virtual Machine Specification","user.dir": "/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/Code/ServerCode/SpringBoot_Demo/demo","java.runtime.version": "1.8.0_121-b13","java.awt.graphicsenv": "sun.awt.CGraphicsEnvironment","org.jboss.logging.provider": "slf4j","java.endorsed.dirs": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/endorsed","os.arch": "x86_64","visualvm.id": "11136812717769","java.io.tmpdir": "/var/folders/d6/zn9yrwns46j4pwbl1_mv_6hw0000gn/T/","line.separator": "\n","java.vm.specification.vendor": "Oracle Corporation","os.name": "Mac OS X","sun.jnu.encoding": "UTF-8","spring.beaninfo.ignore": "true","java.library.path": "/Users/FlySheep/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java:.","java.specification.name": "Java Platform API Specification","java.class.version": "52.0","sun.management.compiler": "HotSpot 64-Bit Tiered Compilers","os.version": "10.11","user.home": "/Users/FlySheep","catalina.useNaming": "false","user.timezone": "Asia/Shanghai","java.awt.printerjob": "sun.lwawt.macosx.CPrinterJob","file.encoding": "UTF-8","idea.launcher.bin.path": "/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin","java.specification.version": "1.8","catalina.home": "/private/var/folders/d6/zn9yrwns46j4pwbl1_mv_6hw0000gn/T/tomcat.6698906163877756728.8080","java.class.path": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/ant-javafx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-mx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/jconsole.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/packager.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/sa-jdi.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/Code/ServerCode/SpringBoot_Demo/demo/target/classes:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-web-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-logging-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.1.11/logback-classic-1.1.11.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.1.11/logback-core-1.1.11.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jcl-over-slf4j/1.7.24/jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.24.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/1.7.24/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.24.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/log4j-over-slf4j/1.7.24/log4j-over-slf4j-1.7.24.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.17/snakeyaml-1.17.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/8.5.11/tomcat-embed-core-8.5.11.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/8.5.11/tomcat-embed-el-8.5.11.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/8.5.11/tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.11.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/hibernate/hibernate-validator/5.3.4.Final/hibernate-validator-5.3.4.Final.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/javax/validation/validation-api/1.1.0.Final/validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/jboss/logging/jboss-logging/3.3.0.Final/jboss-logging-3.3.0.Final.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/classmate/1.3.3/classmate-1.3.3.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.8.7/jackson-databind-2.8.7.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.8.0/jackson-annotations-2.8.0.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.8.7/jackson-core-2.8.7.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-web/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-web-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-aop-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-context-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-webmvc-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-expression-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-actuator/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-actuator-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-actuator/1.5.2.RELEASE/spring-boot-actuator-1.5.2.RELEASE.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.24/slf4j-api-1.7.24.jar:/Users/FlySheep/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/4.3.7.RELEASE/spring-core-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar","user.name": "FlySheep","java.vm.specification.version": "1.8","sun.java.command": "com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain com.example.DemoApplication","java.home": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre","sun.arch.data.model": "64","user.language": "zh","java.specification.vendor": "Oracle Corporation","awt.toolkit": "sun.lwawt.macosx.LWCToolkit","java.vm.info": "mixed mode","java.version": "1.8.0_121","java.ext.dirs": "/Users/FlySheep/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java","sun.boot.class.path": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/sunrsasign.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/classes","java.awt.headless": "true","java.vendor": "Oracle Corporation","catalina.base": "/private/var/folders/d6/zn9yrwns46j4pwbl1_mv_6hw0000gn/T/tomcat.6698906163877756728.8080","file.separator": "/","java.vendor.url.bug": "http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/","sun.io.unicode.encoding": "UnicodeBig","sun.cpu.endian": "little","sun.cpu.isalist": ""},"systemEnvironment": {"PATH": "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_79.jdk/Contents/Home/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/JavaTools/apache-maven-3.3.9/bin/bin","SHELL": "/bin/zsh","PAGER": "less","LSCOLORS": "Gxfxcxdxbxegedabagacad","OLDPWD": "/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin","USER": "FlySheep","VERSIONER_PYTHON_PREFER_32_BIT": "no","ZSH": "/Users/FlySheep/.oh-my-zsh","TMPDIR": "/var/folders/d6/zn9yrwns46j4pwbl1_mv_6hw0000gn/T/","SSH_AUTH_SOCK": "/private/tmp/com.apple.launchd.vZEKsGdZ1T/Listeners","JAVA_MAIN_CLASS_2716": "com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain","XPC_FLAGS": "0x0","VERSIONER_PYTHON_VERSION": "2.7","__CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING": "0x1F5:0x19:0x34","Apple_PubSub_Socket_Render": "/private/tmp/com.apple.launchd.5VgRuDCQ5D/Render","LOGNAME": "FlySheep","LESS": "-R","LC_CTYPE": "","PWD": "/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/Code/ServerCode/SpringBoot_Demo/demo","XPC_SERVICE_NAME": "com.jetbrains.intellij.136992","HOME": "/Users/FlySheep"},"applicationConfig: [classpath:/application.properties]": {"management.security.enabled": "false"}
}

基本上，任何能给Spring Boot 应用程序提供属性的属性源都会列在 /env 的结果里，同时会显示具体的属性。
　为了避免敏感信息暴露到 /env 里，所有名为password、secret、key(或者名字中最后一段是这些)的属性在 /env 里都会加上“*”。举个例子，如果有一个属性名字是database.password，那么它在/env中的显示效果是这样的：

"database.password":"******"

/env 接口还能用来获取单个属性的值，只需要在请求时在 /env 后加上属性名即可。

1.4 查看属性的使用方法

/configprops 接口会生成一个报告，说明属性如何进行设置(注入或其他方式)。

{"endpoints-org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.EndpointProperties": {"prefix": "endpoints","properties": {"enabled": true,"sensitive": null}},"management.info-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.InfoContributorProperties": {"prefix": "management.info","properties": {"git": {"mode": "SIMPLE"}}},"metricsEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.metrics","properties": {"id": "metrics","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"spring.jackson-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonProperties": {"prefix": "spring.jackson","properties": {"propertyNamingStrategy": null,"defaultPropertyInclusion": null,"dateFormat": null,"timeZone": null,"locale": null,"jodaDateTimeFormat": null}},"heapdumpMvcEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.heapdump","properties": {"path": "/heapdump","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"endpoints.cors-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.EndpointCorsProperties": {"prefix": "endpoints.cors","properties": {"allowedOrigins": [],"maxAge": 1800,"exposedHeaders": [],"allowedHeaders": [],"allowedMethods": [],"allowCredentials": null}},"environmentMvcEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.env","properties": {"path": "/env"}},"environmentEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.env","properties": {"id": "env","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"spring.http.multipart-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartProperties": {"prefix": "spring.http.multipart","properties": {"maxRequestSize": "10MB","fileSizeThreshold": "0","location": null,"maxFileSize": "1MB","enabled": true,"resolveLazily": false}},"spring.info-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoProperties": {"prefix": "spring.info","properties": {"build": {"location": {}},"git": {"location": {}}}},"auditEventsEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.auditevents","properties": {"enabled": true}},"traceEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.trace","properties": {"id": "trace","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"metricsMvcEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.metrics","properties": {"path": "/metrics"}},"infoEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.info","properties": {"id": "info","sensitive": false,"enabled": true}},"auditEventMvcEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.auditevents","properties": {"path": "/auditevents","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"management.trace-org.springframework.boot.actuate.trace.TraceProperties": {"prefix": "management.trace","properties": {"include": ["COOKIES","REQUEST_HEADERS","RESPONSE_HEADERS","ERRORS"]}},"spring.resources-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ResourceProperties": {"prefix": "spring.resources","properties": {"cachePeriod": null,"addMappings": true,"chain": {"cache": true,"htmlApplicationCache": false,"gzipped": false,"strategy": {"fixed": {"enabled": false,"paths": ["/**"],"version": null},"content": {"enabled": false,"paths": ["/**"]}}},"staticLocations": ["/","classpath:/META-INF/resources/","classpath:/resources/","classpath:/static/","classpath:/public/"]}},"management.health.status-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.HealthIndicatorProperties": {"prefix": "management.health.status","properties": {"order": null}},"healthMvcEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.health","properties": {"path": "/health"}},"serverProperties": {"prefix": "server","properties": {"address": null,"maxHttpPostSize": 0,"undertow": {"maxHttpPostSize": 0,"bufferSize": null,"buffersPerRegion": null,"ioThreads": null,"workerThreads": null,"directBuffers": null,"accesslog": {"enabled": null,"pattern": "common","prefix": "access_log.","suffix": "log","dir": "/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/Code/ServerCode/SpringBoot_Demo/demo/logs","rotate": true}},"tomcat": {"accesslog": {"enabled": false,"pattern": "common","directory": "logs","prefix": "access_log","suffix": ".log","rotate": true,"renameOnRotate": false,"requestAttributesEnabled": false,"buffered": true},"internalProxies": "10\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|192\\.168\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|169\\.254\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|127\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|172\\.1[6-9]{1}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|172\\.2[0-9]{1}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|172\\.3[0-1]{1}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}","protocolHeader": null,"protocolHeaderHttpsValue": "https","portHeader": "X-Forwarded-Port","remoteIpHeader": null,"basedir": null,"backgroundProcessorDelay": 30,"maxThreads": 0,"minSpareThreads": 0,"maxHttpPostSize": 0,"redirectContextRoot": null,"uriEncoding": null,"maxConnections": 0,"acceptCount": 0,"additionalTldSkipPatterns": []},"displayName": "application","session": {"timeout": null,"trackingModes": null,"persistent": false,"storeDir": null,"cookie": {"name": null,"domain": null,"path": null,"comment": null,"httpOnly": null,"secure": null,"maxAge": null}},"contextPath": null,"error": {"path": "/error","includeStacktrace": "NEVER"},"ssl": null,"serverHeader": null,"useForwardHeaders": null,"port": null,"maxHttpHeaderSize": 0,"servletPath": "/","jspServlet": null,"jetty": {"maxHttpPostSize": 0,"acceptors": null,"selectors": null},"connectionTimeout": null}},"spring.metrics.export-org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.export.MetricExportProperties": {"prefix": "spring.metrics.export","properties": {"excludes": null,"statsd": {"host": null,"port": 8125,"prefix": null},"includes": null,"enabled": true,"redis": {"prefix": "spring.metrics.application.7a5b013db041f4a1b6c45b6456487d05","key": "******"},"aggregate": {"prefix": "application.7a5b013db041f4a1b6c45b6456487d05","keyPattern": "k.d"}}},"configurationPropertiesReportEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.configprops","properties": {"id": "configprops","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"healthEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.health","properties": {"timeToLive": 1000,"id": "health","sensitive": false,"enabled": true}},"loggersMvcEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.loggers","properties": {"path": "/loggers"}},"loggersEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.loggers","properties": {"id": "loggers","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"endpoints.metrics.filter-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.MetricFilterProperties": {"prefix": "endpoints.metrics.filter","properties": {"counterSubmissions": ["MERGED"],"gaugeSubmissions": ["MERGED"]}},"dumpEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.dump","properties": {"id": "dump","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"autoConfigurationReportEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.autoconfig","properties": {"id": "autoconfig","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"endpoints.jmx-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.EndpointMBeanExportProperties": {"prefix": "endpoints.jmx","properties": {"uniqueNames": false,"enabled": true,"domain": ""}},"spring.http.encoding-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingProperties": {"prefix": "spring.http.encoding","properties": {"charset": "UTF-8","force": false,"mapping": null,"forceRequest": false,"forceResponse": false}},"shutdownEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.shutdown","properties": {"id": "shutdown","sensitive": true,"enabled": false}},"beansEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.beans","properties": {"id": "beans","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"managementServerProperties": {"prefix": "management","properties": {"security": {"enabled": false,"roles": ["ACTUATOR"],"sessions": "STATELESS"},"address": null,"port": null,"addApplicationContextHeader": true,"contextPath": "","ssl": null}},"requestMappingEndpoint": {"prefix": "endpoints.mappings","properties": {"id": "mappings","sensitive": true,"enabled": true}},"endpoints.health-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.HealthMvcEndpointProperties": {"prefix": "endpoints.health","properties": {"mapping": {}}},"spring.mvc-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcProperties": {"prefix": "spring.mvc","properties": {"dateFormat": null,"servlet": {"loadOnStartup": -1},"staticPathPattern": "/**","dispatchOptionsRequest": true,"dispatchTraceRequest": false,"locale": null,"ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect": true,"logResolvedException": false,"async": {"requestTimeout": null},"messageCodesResolverFormat": null,"mediaTypes": {},"view": {"prefix": null,"suffix": null},"localeResolver": "ACCEPT_HEADER","throwExceptionIfNoHandlerFound": false}},"diskSpaceHealthIndicatorProperties": {"prefix": "management.health.diskspace","properties": {"path": "/Users/FlySheep/FlySheep/Code/ServerCode/SpringBoot_Demo/demo/.","threshold": 10485760}}
}

1.5 生成接口道控制器的映射

在应用程序相对较小的时候，很容易搞清楚控制器都映射到了哪些接口上。如果Web界面的控制器和请求处理方法数量多，那最好能有一个列表，罗列出应用程序发布的全部接口。/mappings 接口就提供了这么一个列表。

{"/webjars/**": {"bean": "resourceHandlerMapping"},"/**": {"bean": "resourceHandlerMapping"},"/**/favicon.ico": {"bean": "faviconHandlerMapping"},"{[/error]}": {"bean": "requestMappingHandlerMapping","method": "public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)"},"{[/error],produces=[text/html]}": {"bean": "requestMappingHandlerMapping","method": "public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)"},"{[/env/{name:.*}],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EnvironmentMvcEndpoint.value(java.lang.String)"},"{[/env || /env.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"},"{[/beans || /beans.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"},"{[/auditevents || /auditevents.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<?> org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.AuditEventsMvcEndpoint.findByPrincipalAndAfterAndType(java.lang.String,java.util.Date,java.lang.String)"},"{[/autoconfig || /autoconfig.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"},"{[/loggers/{name:.*}],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.LoggersMvcEndpoint.get(java.lang.String)"},"{[/loggers/{name:.*}],methods=[POST],consumes=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.LoggersMvcEndpoint.set(java.lang.String,java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.String>)"},"{[/loggers || /loggers.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"},"{[/heapdump || /heapdump.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/octet-stream]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public void org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.HeapdumpMvcEndpoint.invoke(boolean,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse) throws java.io.IOException,javax.servlet.ServletException"},"{[/mappings || /mappings.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"},"{[/trace || /trace.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"},"{[/configprops || /configprops.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"},"{[/dump || /dump.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"},"{[/metrics/{name:.*}],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.MetricsMvcEndpoint.value(java.lang.String)"},"{[/metrics || /metrics.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"},"{[/health || /health.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.HealthMvcEndpoint.invoke(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,java.security.Principal)"},"{[/info || /info.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json || application/json]}": {"bean": "endpointHandlerMapping","method": "public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()"}
}

这里我们可以看到不少接口的映射。每个映射的键都是一个字符串，其内容就是 Spring MVC 的 @RequestMapping 注解上设置的属性。实际上，这个字符串能让你清晰地了解控制器是如何映射的，哪怕不看源代码。每个映射的值都有两个属性：bean 和 method。bean 属性标识了 Spring Bean 的名字，映射源自这个Bean。method属性是映射对应方法的全限定方法签名。

2. 运行时指标

对运行时指标情况做一个快照，这对评估应用程序的健康情况很有帮助。Actuator 提供了一系列接口，让你能在运行时快速检查应用程序。

2.1 查看应用程序的指标值

关于运行中的应用程序，有很多有趣而且有用的信息。举个例子，了解应用程序的内存情况 (可用或空闲)有助于决定给JVM分配多少内存。对Web应用程序而言，不用查看Web服务器日志，如果请求失败或者是耗时太长，就可以大概知道内存的情况了。运行中的应用程序有诸多计数器和度量器，/metrics 接口提供了这些东西的快照。

{"mem": 365004,"mem.free": 153938,"processors": 8,"instance.uptime": 852279,"uptime": 855002,"systemload.average": 3.509765625,"heap.committed": 316928,"heap.init": 262144,"heap.used": 162989,"heap": 3728384,"nonheap.committed": 50816,"nonheap.init": 2496,"nonheap.used": 48077,"nonheap": 0,"threads.peak": 18,"threads.daemon": 16,"threads.totalStarted": 23,"threads": 18,"classes": 5974,"classes.loaded": 5974,"classes.unloaded": 0,"gc.ps_scavenge.count": 4,"gc.ps_scavenge.time": 35,"gc.ps_marksweep.count": 1,"gc.ps_marksweep.time": 27,"httpsessions.max": -1,"httpsessions.active": 0,"gauge.response.mappings": 4,"gauge.response.configprops": 155,"counter.status.200.mappings": 1,"counter.status.200.configprops": 1
}

对 /metrics 接口提供的信息进行简单分类如下表：

分类	前缀	报告内容
垃圾收集器	gc.*	已经发生过的垃圾收集次数，以及垃圾收集所耗费的时间，适用于标记-清理垃圾收集器和并行垃圾收集器(数据源自java.lang.management. GarbageCollectorMXBean)
内存	mem.*	分配给应用程序的内存数量和空闲的内存数量(数据源自java.lang. Runtime)
堆	heap.*	当前内存用量(数据源自java.lang.management.MemoryUsage)
类加载器	classes.*	JVM类加载器加载与卸载的类的数量(数据源自java.lang. management.ClassLoadingMXBean)
系统	processors、instance.uptime、uptime、systemload.average	系统信息，例如处理器数量(数据源自java.lang.Runtime)、运行时间(数据源自java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean)、平均负载(数据源自java.lang.management.OperatingSystemMXBean)
线程池	thread.*	线程、守护线程的数量，以及JVM启动后的线程数量峰值(数据源自 java.lang .management.ThreadMXBean)
数据源	datasource.*	数据源连接的数量(源自数据源的元数据，仅当Spring应用程序上下文里存在 DataSource Bean 的时候才会有这个信息)
Tomcat 会话	httpsessions.*	Tomcat的活跃会话数和最大会话数(数据源自嵌入式Tomcat的Bean，仅在使用嵌入式Tomcat服务器运行应用程序时才有这个信息)
HTTP	counter.status.、gauge.response.	多种应用程序服务HTTP请求的度量值与计数器

请注意，这里的一些度量值，比如数据源和Tomcat会话，仅在应用程序中运行特定组件时才有数据。你还可以注册自己的度量信息。
　HTTP的计数器和度量值需要做一点说明。counter.status 后的值是HTTP状态码，随后是所请求的路径。举个例子，counter.status.200.metrics 表明/metrics端点返回 200(OK) 状态码的次数。
　HTTP的度量信息在结构上也差不多，却在报告另一类信息。它们全部以gauge.response 开头,，表明这是HTTP响应的度量信息。前缀后是对应的路径。度量值是以毫秒为单位的时间，反映了最近处理该路径请求的耗时。
　这里还有几个特殊的值需要注意。root路径指向的是根路径或/。star-star代表了那些Spring 认为是静态资源的路径，包括图片、JavaScript和样式表，其中还包含了那些找不到的资源。这就是为什么你经常会看到 counter.status.404.star-star，这是返回了HTTP 404 (NOT FOUND) 状态的请求数。　　
　/metrics 接口会返回所有的可用度量值，但你也可能只对某个值感兴趣。要获取单个值，请求时可以在URL后加上对应的键名。例如，要查看空闲内存大小,可以向/metrics/mem.free发一个GET请求。

2.2 追踪 Web 请求

/trace 接口能报告所有Web请求的详细信息，包括请求方法、路径、时间戳以及请求和响应的头信息。

[{"timestamp": 1491279254447,"info": {"method": "GET","path": "/metrics","headers": {"request": {"host": "localhost:8080","connection": "keep-alive","upgrade-insecure-requests": "1","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36","accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8","accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch, br","accept-language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6","cookie": "JSESSIONID=24CCB83195B2A35F5193C97D2CD51D69"},"response": {"X-Application-Context": "application","Content-Type": "application/vnd.spring-boot.actuator.v1+json;charset=UTF-8","Transfer-Encoding": "chunked","Date": "Tue, 04 Apr 2017 04:14:14 GMT","status": "200"}}}}
]

2.3 导出线程活动

在确认应用程序运行情况时，除了跟踪请求，了解线程活动也会很有帮助。/dump 接口会生成当前线程活动的快照。

2.4 监控应用程序健康状况

如果你想知道自己的应用程序是否在运行,可以直接访问/health 接口。在最简单的情况下，该端点会显示一个简单的JSON，内容如下:

{"status": "UP","diskSpace": {"status": "UP","total": 48978722816,"free": 8812167168,"threshold": 10485760}
}

二、定制 Actuator

虽然Actuator提供了很多运行中Spring Boot应用程序的内部工作细节，但难免和你的需求有所偏差。也许你并不需要它提供的所有功能，想要关闭一些也说不定。或者，你需要对Actuator 稍作扩展，增加一些自定义的度量信息，以满足你对应用程序的需求。

1. 修改接口 ID

每个Actuator 接口都有一个ID用来决定接口的路径，比方说，/beans接口的默认ID就是beans。比如要修改 /beans 为 /instances，则设置如下：

endpoints.beans.id = instances

2. 启用和禁用接口

虽然Actuator的接口都很有用，但你不一定需要全部这些接口。默认情况下，所有接口(除了/shutdown)都启用。比如要禁用 /metrics 接口，则可以设置如下：

endpoints.metrics.enabled = false

如果你只想打开一两个接口，那就先禁用全部接口，然后启用那几个你要的，这样更方便。

endpoints.enabled = false
endpoints.metrics.enabled = true

3. 添加自定义度量信息

Actuator 自动配置有两个实例 CounterService 和 GaugeService 可以用来计数使用，我们所要做的就是把它们的实例注入所需的 bean 然后调用相应的方法。除此之外，我们还可以实现 PublicMetrics 接口，提供自己需要的度量信息。

4. 创建自定义跟踪仓库

默认情况下，/trace 接口报告的跟踪信息都存储在内存仓库里，100个条目封顶。一旦仓库满了，就开始移除老的条目，给新的条目腾出空间。在开发阶段这没什么问题，但在生产环境中，大流量会造成跟踪信息还没来得及看就被丢弃。我们可以将那些跟踪条目存储在其他地方——既不消耗内存，又能长久保存的地方。只需实现Spring Boot的TraceRepository接口即可。

5. 插入自定义的健康指示器

实现 HealthIndicator 接口则可以实现自定义的健康指示器。

6. 保护 Actuator 接口

很多Actuator端点发布的信息都可能涉及敏感数据，还有一些端点，(比如/shutdown)非常危险，可以用来关闭应用程序。因此，保护这些端点尤为重要,能访问它们的只能是那些经过授权的客户端。