如何在Swift中发出HTTP请求？

本文翻译自：How to make an HTTP request in Swift?

I read The Programming Language Swift by Apple in iBooks, but cannot figure out how to make an http request (something like CURL) in Swift. 我在iBooks中阅读了Apple的The Programming Language Swift，但无法弄清楚如何在Swift中发出http请求（例如CURL）。 Do I need to import Obj-C classes or do I just need to import default libraries? 我需要导入Obj-C类还是只需要导入默认库？ Or is it not possible to make an HTTP request based on native swift code? 还是无法基于本机快速代码发出HTTP请求？

#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/1clh8/如何在Swift中发出HTTP请求

#2楼

You can use URL , URLRequest and URLSession or NSURLConnection as you'd normally do in Objective-C. 您可以像在Objective-C中通常那样使用URL ， URLRequest和URLSession或NSURLConnection 。 Note that for iOS 7.0 and later, URLSession is preferred. 请注意，对于iOS 7.0和更高版本， URLSession是首选。

Using `URLSession` 使用`URLSession`

Initialize a URL object and a URLSessionDataTask from URLSession . 初始化一个URL对象和URLSessionDataTask从URLSession 。 Then run the task with resume() . 然后使用resume()运行任务。

let url = URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com")!let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) inguard let data = data else { return }print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
}task.resume()

Using `NSURLConnection` 使用`NSURLConnection`

First, initialize a URL and a URLRequest : 首先，初始化一个URL和一个URLRequest ：

let url = URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com")!
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "POST"

Then, you can load the request asynchronously with: 然后，您可以使用以下方式异步加载请求：

NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: OperationQueue.main) {(response, data, error) inguard let data = data else { return }print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
}

Or you can initialize an NSURLConnection : 或者，您可以初始化NSURLConnection ：

let connection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate:nil, startImmediately: true)

Just make sure to set your delegate to something other than nil and use the delegate methods to work with the response and data received. 只要确保将您的委托设置为nil以外的其他值，并使用委托方法来处理响应和接收到的数据即可。

For more detail, check the documentation for the NSURLConnectionDataDelegate protocol 有关更多详细信息，请查看有关NSURLConnectionDataDelegate协议的文档。

Testing on an Xcode playground 在Xcode游乐场进行测试

If you want to try this code on a Xcode playground, add import PlaygroundSupport to your playground, as well as the following call: 如果要在Xcode游乐场上尝试此代码，请将import PlaygroundSupport添加到游乐场，以及以下调用：

PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true

This will allow you to use asynchronous code in playgrounds. 这将允许您在操场上使用异步代码。

#3楼

I am using this guy's wrapper with good results so far https://github.com/daltoniam/swiftHTTP . 到目前为止，我正在使用这个家伙的包装器，效果很好https://github.com/daltoniam/swiftHTTP 。 No big leaky abstractions so far 到目前为止，没有大的泄漏抽象

Example 例

    do {let opt = try HTTP.GET("https://google.com")opt.start { response inif let err = response.error {print("error: \(err.localizedDescription)")return //also notify app of failure as needed}print("opt finished: \(response.description)")//print("data is: \(response.data)") access the response of the data with response.data}} catch let error {print("got an error creating the request: \(error)")}

#4楼

 var post:NSString = "api=myposts&userid=\(uid)&page_no=0&limit_no=10"NSLog("PostData: %@",post);var url1:NSURL = NSURL(string: url)!var postData:NSData = post.dataUsingEncoding(NSASCIIStringEncoding)!var postLength:NSString = String( postData.length )var request:NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url1)request.HTTPMethod = "POST"request.HTTPBody = postDatarequest.setValue(postLength, forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Length")request.setValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")request.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")var reponseError: NSError?var response: NSURLResponse?var urlData: NSData? = NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request, returningResponse:&response, error:&reponseError)if ( urlData != nil ) {let res = response as NSHTTPURLResponse!;NSLog("Response code: %ld", res.statusCode);if (res.statusCode >= 200 && res.statusCode < 300){var responseData:NSString  = NSString(data:urlData!, encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding)!NSLog("Response ==> %@", responseData);var error: NSError?let jsonData:NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(urlData!, options:NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers , error: &error) as NSDictionarylet success:NSInteger = jsonData.valueForKey("error") as NSInteger//[jsonData[@"success"] integerValue];NSLog("Success: %ld", success);if(success == 0){NSLog("Login SUCCESS");self.dataArr = jsonData.valueForKey("data") as NSMutableArrayself.table.reloadData()} else {NSLog("Login failed1");ZAActivityBar.showErrorWithStatus("error", forAction: "Action2")}} else {NSLog("Login failed2");ZAActivityBar.showErrorWithStatus("error", forAction: "Action2")}} else {NSLog("Login failed3");ZAActivityBar.showErrorWithStatus("error", forAction: "Action2")
}

it will help you surely 它一定会帮助你

#5楼

I am calling the json on login button click 我正在调用登录按钮上的json单击

@IBAction func loginClicked(sender : AnyObject) {var request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: kLoginURL)) // Here, kLogin contains the Login API.var session = NSURLSession.sharedSession()request.HTTPMethod = "POST"var err: NSError?request.HTTPBody = NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(self.criteriaDic(), options: nil, error: &err) // This Line fills the web service with required parameters.request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")var task = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request, completionHandler: {data, response, error -> Void invar strData = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)var err1: NSError?var json2 = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(strData.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding), options: .MutableLeaves, error:&err1 ) as NSDictionaryprintln("json2 :\(json2)")if(err) {println(err!.localizedDescription)}else {var success = json2["success"] as? Intprintln("Success: \(success)")}})task.resume()
}

Here, I have made a seperate dictionary for the parameters. 在这里，我为参数制作了单独的字典。

var params = ["format":"json", "MobileType":"IOS","MIN":"f8d16d98ad12acdbbe1de647414495ec","UserName":emailTxtField.text,"PWD":passwordTxtField.text,"SigninVia":"SH"]as NSDictionaryreturn params
}// You can add your own sets of parameter here.

#6楼

Check Below Codes : 检查以下代码：

1. SynchonousRequest 1. SynchonousRequest

Swift 1.2 斯威夫特1.2

    let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!var request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)var response: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSURLResponse?>=nilvar dataVal: NSData =  NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request1, returningResponse: response, error:nil)!var err: NSErrorprintln(response)var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: &err) as? NSDictionaryprintln("Synchronous\(jsonResult)")

Swift 2.0 + 迅捷2.0 +

let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!let request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)let response: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSURLResponse?>=nildo{let dataVal = try NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request1, returningResponse: response)print(response)do {if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal, options: []) as? NSDictionary {print("Synchronous\(jsonResult)")}} catch let error as NSError {print(error.localizedDescription)}}catch let error as NSError{print(error.localizedDescription)}

2. AsynchonousRequest 2. AsynchonousRequest

Swift 1.2 斯威夫特1.2

let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!var request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void invar err: NSErrorvar jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionaryprintln("Asynchronous\(jsonResult)")})

Swift 2.0 + 迅捷2.0 +

let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!let request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse?, data: NSData?, error: NSError?) -> Void indo {if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data!, options: []) as? NSDictionary {print("ASynchronous\(jsonResult)")}} catch let error as NSError {print(error.localizedDescription)}})

3. As usual URL connection 3.照常URL连接

Swift 1.2 斯威夫特1.2

    var dataVal = NSMutableData()let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!var request: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)var connection: NSURLConnection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self, startImmediately: true)!connection.start()

Then 然后

 func connection(connection: NSURLConnection!, didReceiveData data: NSData!){self.dataVal?.appendData(data)
}func connectionDidFinishLoading(connection: NSURLConnection!)
{var error: NSErrorPointer=nilvar jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal!, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: error) as NSDictionaryprintln(jsonResult)}

Swift 2.0 + 迅捷2.0 +

   var dataVal = NSMutableData()let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!var request: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)var connection: NSURLConnection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self, startImmediately: true)!connection.start()

Then 然后

func connection(connection: NSURLConnection!, didReceiveData data: NSData!){dataVal.appendData(data)
}func connectionDidFinishLoading(connection: NSURLConnection!)
{do {if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal, options: []) as? NSDictionary {print(jsonResult)}} catch let error as NSError {print(error.localizedDescription)}}

4. Asynchonous POST Request 4.异步POST请求

Swift 1.2 斯威夫特1.2

    let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!var request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)request1.HTTPMethod = "POST"var stringPost="deviceToken=123456" // Key and Valuelet data = stringPost.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)request1.timeoutInterval = 60request1.HTTPBody=datarequest1.HTTPShouldHandleCookies=falselet queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void invar err: NSErrorvar jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionaryprintln("AsSynchronous\(jsonResult)")})

Swift 2.0 + 迅捷2.0 +

let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!let request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)request1.HTTPMethod = "POST"let stringPost="deviceToken=123456" // Key and Valuelet data = stringPost.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)request1.timeoutInterval = 60request1.HTTPBody=datarequest1.HTTPShouldHandleCookies=falselet queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse?, data: NSData?, error: NSError?) -> Void indo {if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data!, options: []) as? NSDictionary {print("ASynchronous\(jsonResult)")}} catch let error as NSError {print(error.localizedDescription)}})

5. Asynchonous GET Request 5.异步GET请求

Swift 1.2 斯威夫特1.2

    let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!var request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)request1.HTTPMethod = "GET"request1.timeoutInterval = 60let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void invar err: NSErrorvar jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionaryprintln("AsSynchronous\(jsonResult)")})

Swift 2.0 + 迅捷2.0 +

let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!let request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)request1.HTTPMethod = "GET"let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse?, data: NSData?, error: NSError?) -> Void indo {if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data!, options: []) as? NSDictionary {print("ASynchronous\(jsonResult)")}} catch let error as NSError {print(error.localizedDescription)}})

6. Image(File) Upload 6.图片（文件）上传

Swift 2.0 + 迅捷2.0 +

  let mainURL = "YOUR_URL_HERE"let url = NSURL(string: mainURL)let request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url!)let boundary = "78876565564454554547676"request.addValue("multipart/form-data; boundary=\(boundary)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")request.HTTPMethod = "POST" // POST OR PUT What you wantlet session = NSURLSession(configuration:NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration(), delegate: nil, delegateQueue: nil)let imageData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(UIImage(named: "Test.jpeg")!, 1)var body = NSMutableData()body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)// Append your parametersbody.appendData("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"name\"\r\n\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)body.appendData("PREMKUMAR\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: true)!)body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)body.appendData("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"description\"\r\n\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)body.appendData("IOS_DEVELOPER\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: true)!)body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)// Append your Image/File Datavar imageNameval = "HELLO.jpg"body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)body.appendData("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"profile_photo\"; filename=\"\(imageNameval)\"\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)body.appendData("Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)body.appendData(imageData!)body.appendData("\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)body.appendData("--\(boundary)--\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)request.HTTPBody = bodylet dataTask = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request) { (data, response, error) -> Void inif error != nil {//handle error}else {let outputString : NSString = NSString(data:data!, encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding)!print("Response:\(outputString)")}}dataTask.resume()