Python实例一 12306抢票(二) 下单

第二篇刷票与下单

原文地址：http://www.tnblog.net/cz/article/details/241

解决"url":"/leftTicket/init","status":false,"httpstatus":200,"messages":["系统忙，请稍后重试"] 问题

1.记住登陆

上一篇写了登陆：http://www.tnblog.net/cz/article/details/162

为了方便调试不让每次登陆都去扫码一遍，做一个缓存登陆的。

登陆就是会话保持，一般依赖于cookie，token之类的信息保存到cookie中，请求的时候带着cookie去服务器，服务器就知道是同一个人。而请求使用的request库的session会自动保存每次服务器返回的cookie信息，下次请求带上该cookie ，所以能在运行时一直保持你登陆过的状态，但是重新运行程序就不行了，所以我们可以把上次的cookie信息存到文件中，下次运行的时候把cookie读取放到session中去就哦了！

登录前session的cookie信息

登陆成功的

把cookie信息存入文件，与读取出来：

# 保存cookie
def saveCookie():_cookies = session.cookies.get_dict()# 取到session的cookie信息 取出来是键值对把他转化成字符串类型保存下来cookieStr = json.dumps(_cookies)with open('./cookies.txt', 'w') as f:f.write(cookieStr)print('记录cookie成功')# 取出cookie
def getCookie():try:with open('./cookies.txt', 'r') as f:_cookie = json.load(f)# session的cookie是一个RequestsCookieJar类型的，把键值对转换为给他session.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(_cookie)except FileNotFoundError:print('还未登陆过..')

保存成功之后这样：

测试一下：

先登录

停止程序之后，直接读取cookie测试成功！！

好了开始进入刷票下单：

流程：

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2019-02-14&leftTicketDTO.from_station=CQW&leftTicketDTO.to_station=TVW&purpose_codes=ADULT # 查询
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest # 提交下单请求
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc # 获取一堆参数 后面的请求需要用到
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getPassengerDTOs # 获取购票人信息 (乘车人信息)
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/checkOrderInfo # 检查订单信息 (是否能购票，是否有未支付的订单)
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getQueueCount # 获取余票，与排队人数
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/confirmSingleForQueue #选座，确定提交
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/queryOrderWaitTime?random=1547780170175&tourFlag=dc&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=a8dc2ed1a814b3067cfc32550c17e0ed # 排队
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/resultOrderForDcQueue # 确定下单成功回执

一、查询

地址:https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2019-02-14&leftTicketDTO.from_station=CQW&leftTicketDTO.to_station=TVW&purpose_codes=ADULT
参数：{leftTicketDTO.train_date:2019-02-14  #购票日期leftTicketDTO.from_station:CQW #起点站leftTicketDTO.to_station:TVW #终点站purpose_codes:ADULT #票类型，ADULT普通票 }
返回：{"data":{"flag":"1","map":{"CUW":"重庆北","CXW":"重庆西","TVW":"潼南"},"result":["|列车运行图调整,暂停发售|77000D51030J|D5103|CXW|ICW|CXW|TVW|24:00|24:00|99:59|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY||20190214||W3|01|03|0|1|||||||||||||||||0|0|null","|列车运行图调整,暂停发售|77000D51170A|D5117|CUW|NIW|CUW|TVW|24:00|24:00|99:59|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY||20190214||W2|01|03|0|1|||||||||||||||||0|0|null","IQEEzf7ymvboXyZSxb%2Bvno%2FvYNEZbmuqDINQp%2Bmnh3k4f0fECt06bHNQPKk4Hlpp8k%2FEY%2FHY1hMb%0Aua7x0jZi61wrCfaoT%2FPBfZMLd4iBVRZurosYHAz0E191H6A5Imnmwng39zx10jq6Bj5eBTTWbH4U%0Ag5a1RfO85IpYBCUAfwSajgMxulbU63F6m2rH%2Bn3QV2djAIrKzIDYwjfdFAuLAfzMa5Sb0cV3nEG7%0AnW43VHcCPF9qB%2BvHUSuHaQcbaHdYztBgPpKcWEXeSXZ0Hekt8%2BIORs8NXs%2FMiGi%2FLkbi5NdZYb%2BJ%0Ax36wYA%3D%3D|预订|710000K1420H|K143|NNZ|CDW|CXW|TVW|09:18|10:36|01:18|Y|t47JENLelAwrUH8jO7aObclgoEFHNBYIMu9USdXqyieI0PymUpkzmENrhno%3D|20190213|3|Z1|11|12|0|0||||2|||有||有|16|||||10401030|1413|0|0|null","MUyH%2FHTEfnPsZwsT%2B2JzqnO21xQ5sGp0nnfSH52Dxg82ZvrybT7nChBhBxb3TsvMjtJyUJx89uNQ%0AMCrH9ekzbik0zw54JI4FG7uavZBLFJwJFKM6jXIhI6akPir9cafU%2BO07Fq2oHvjihljCWeydEtMq%0AHltj9Cl6HqKGR9xxZS1UsSAWqyjFBxPFLPFkPjn1LwFH%2FnvW1li%2FMEDeRugFkjsdIzBNPnrhDB3I%0A%2Bi022Xdvfv8XW3YA0vrhyYKwZU%2FGAR52EgfaJAMKGomYC%2F6HFjCas%2BCl8big1Vkw%2FuIAObayl7Is%0AtwecSA%3D%3D|预订|710000K8720H|K873|ZJZ|ICW|CXW|TVW|09:24|10:52|01:28|Y|MtttfIDxq6HqNo9XM%2BstI4zCQgaSjr%2Fce9ZED1rem4EoS1%2FuzFDmxLqVGMs%3D|20190213|3|Z1|18|19|0|0||||无|||有||有|有|||||10401030|1413|0|0|null","|列车运行图调整,暂停发售|77000D514570|D5145|CUW|TVW|CUW|TVW|24:00|24:00|99:59|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY||20190214||W2|01|03|0|1|||||||||||||||||1|0|null","|预订|4e0000D63208|D633|WHN|CDW|CUW|TVW|13:59|14:51|00:52|N|1y9bvC04rZ6kAvLar8uM3MsUNOn3MncbI4gVoC5mFGj1Ltnz|20190214|3|N3|13|15|0|0|||||||无||||无|无|||O0M0O0|OMO|0|0|null","|列车运行图调整,暂停发售|77000D513908|D5139|CUW|NUW|CUW|TVW|24:00|24:00|99:59|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY||20190214||W2|01|03|0|1|||||||||||||||||0|0|null","|列车停运|71000D178202|D1783|NFZ|ICW|CXW|TVW|24:00|24:00|99:59|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY||20190214||Z1|17|18|0|1|||||||||||||||||0|0|null","|预订|6c000D180604|D1807|IZQ|ICW|CXW|TVW|16:01|16:48|00:47|N|0IsJRXfUvj4fKLm47STmvIB%2BzwWrdhrzCQqwSJd8lsG62utJ|20190214|3|Q9|13|14|0|0|||||||无||||无|||无|O0F0O0|OFO|0|0|null","43XpgRuIos5DmDfOdyu0HdaV7DDZSadtZ7uNBtK%2FIySnx0giFWZSvBddQ%2FPVAoKo%2FINIK7TD5jyE%0AGZv3ODius1%2BTL3IK6NIBVTdxysFwgmI3cKUME4TrOB2Pf1mw%2BFjSirjYyuvekN315V%2BbNGdVn62L%0Ai9%2FJxuXCZs8g0Akf1jhgE7VN6VNnxl8DGxwwz55RJ%2FGes5qp%2FvD2qa%2F%2FDf81Q4tSkXKCBlF5d2Oh%0ANjG49IAciQHLaX7gXTzzxY7HxJbmS7TBMNfxQCdtFa5%2Fm8NEAZem%2FLZqLU4%2BpDyZWyqoUO4%3D|预订|5l000D237340|D2373|NKH|ICW|CUW|TVW|16:56|17:47|00:51|Y|pp0%2Ft2%2BQaSwUfIh63Y%2FXtf%2FVMBxdG0SLx%2FK1MiAVidpk0ak%2B|20190214|3|H2|15|17|0|0|||||||无||||2|1|||O0M0O0|OMO|0|0|null","NwCfMpWhQYGrv9zKy%2FE2bJHhqOoVHXTgo5hTboBBIe%2FKzro2zxrnAiA4x1lswwh5upe5V31vZstu%0AK0eMiMwDCjgTeU4CwQtsJdOE%2FFN3yY6AN4D%2FS%2Fh1r1pC3QWwUfbXueeXWVrsXQuv7gxyz8wQjXDH%0Ah0%2Bfm2VUKochP2Te910gF9I5oWcUk4Gkih44Ey7u2hQmjW8QN%2BtYdmvCn5LZ7QW3GOZHWSzePrZJ%0ALr3Kyh2JqCZokd9MguNCNb99pGH5AV%2B97%2F3ek7cN1F872WL0HTRZsnS3wkhHwLowo4nWqmE%3D|预订|77000D514708|D5147|CUW|TVW|CUW|TVW|17:13|17:57|00:44|Y|CLy0iYHVYp2Mctmf3%2FRbBmuCCUGyeyU8JF%2Bjolnv%2FfplIrD2|20190214|3|W2|01|03|0|0|||||||有||||有|19|||O0M0O0|OMO|1|0|null","%2FCq%2FwdowS1S9VIqsBpnF2KRBh9cwXXdvrkE7Ni7Q2Yo%2F5hpvDoHAw%2FwYScidhgJuXAOY7%2B6E1Nln%0AfusLNDgv3zWGzFWW73htly%2Fo05MnO1hNMer5dhSDFMx3M2e2m4DYiSJ6wCdleKPb0%2FQc%2B46QGJbo%0A458zqWY%2F1CVFCWhCrd3w3RGHDQ2MqqzcaYkxvxSdcdpd3B1Xoy%2BBZjTNH6gEccvbvW%2BTmHZcP7S2%0ADLZg9NaARQD1cxGCc3VMnEE5kOxTDDuAL66PfFy%2B1hzHMz0kjLURhHrGie7rFzC%2Fzo64HxM%3D|预订|5l0000D35273|D353|AOH|ICW|CUW|TVW|18:11|18:56|00:45|Y|PEDp1LSroEHChj4TmdO54rOKNNaLWQ%2F3PWTrFnOf0Gmhulg9|20190214|3|H2|18|19|0|0|||||||无||||2|2|||O0M0O0|OMO|0|0|null","eZJHEjCjbrawzJcm8DtAxZjjT7uZZe%2Bw23ZW5o3WiK6sWUjGu4bAnn1AqRTGb0xoH4tUKbrjMQAz%0AyXb74lN6G3kDNrYCi66g%2BNKfci2BXK6Hd2fMEFi0PoAcBtOCXEFbXfA7x%2BSYaFxNh4P2nLtkQ46i%0AMY%2BTkporMHoy2I8Dq7MFekl%2FuPbLUlfEJlZ69NxPaYETZ3TPfW8aHKstvQ72CGjriLvdkpeK7sYj%0A9rRG5RB%2BzatWKpJYTJwC1pfiPXY7djOegP7Ifd2%2Frg6ZWfabP5faBnQxiyHsHWLX7Al8jHc%3D|预订......"]},"httpstatus":200,"messages":"","status":true}

需要注意：

1.查询地址的queryZ会随机变化，有可能是queryA之类的，先随便传一个，如果不对的话他会返回正的给你，再带上正确的地址去查询就可以了

{'c_name': 'CLeftTicketUrl', 'c_url': 'leftTicket/queryZ', 'status': False}

2.起点站终点站的数据是个简码，可以去下载他的信息下来自己整理地址：https://www.12306.cn/index/script/core/common/station_name_v10015.js

是用@隔开的这样↓自己解析成一个json文件方便使用（自己写写）

3.把查询的信息配置到一个方法中，方便读取更改

TicketDTO = {}  # 封装请求参数
def initTicketDTO():with open('./city.json', encoding='utf-8') as f:CITY_DATA = json.load(f)TicketDTO['train_date'] = '2019-02-14' #日期TicketDTO['from_station_name'] = '重庆' #起点站TicketDTO['to_station_name'] = '潼南' #终点站TicketDTO['class'] = ['D5147'] #想购买车次  支持多个TicketDTO['holder'] = ['XX'] #谁买票 目前只支持单人TicketDTO['from_station'] = CITY_DATA[TicketDTO['from_station_name']] #起点站转换的简码TicketDTO['to_station'] = CITY_DATA[TicketDTO['to_station_name']] #终点站简码TicketDTO['passengerInfo'] = {} #购票人信息

查询车票代码：

select_ticket_URL = 'leftTicket/queryA'  # 查票的地址是在queryA、queryZ啥的随机变化的
def select_ticket():initTicketDTO()global select_ticket_URL  # 也可以从查询的初始化界面的leftTicket/init中获取，这就不写了 还是用这种方式url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/'+select_ticket_URL +\'?leftTicketDTO.train_date='+TicketDTO['train_date'] + \'&leftTicketDTO.from_station=' + TicketDTO['from_station'] +\'&leftTicketDTO.to_station='+TicketDTO['to_station'] +\'&purpose_codes=ADULT'  # ADULT：单程普通票data = get(url)json_result = json.loads(data)if(not json_result['status']):select_ticket_URL = json_result['c_url']select_ticket()returncity_info = json_result['data']['map']  # 城市信息for item in json_result['data']['result']:classes = item.split('|')  # 被竖线隔开的canBuy = classes[11]  # 是否可购买secretStr = urllib.request.unquote(classes[0])  # 下单信息IsEnable = (classes[0] == "" and False or True)  # 有无预定信息train_no = classes[2]  # 班次TrainClass = classes[3]  # 班次FirstSeat = classes[31]  # 一等座SecondSeat = Convert(classes[30])   # 二等座print(canBuy+"=> 班次："+TrainClass+" 历程：" + classes[13]+" "+city_info[classes[6]]+"=>"+city_info[classes[7]] + " "+classes[8]+"-" + classes[9]+"["+classes[10] + "h] 一等座："+str(FirstSeat)+" 二等座："+str(SecondSeat))if(TrainClass in TicketDTO['class']):print(train_no+"：二等座余票："+str(SecondSeat))if(IsEnable and canBuy == 'Y'):  # 有提交信息 并且可以购买print('可购买，正在提交')if(SecondSeat > 0):while True:json_initDc = submitOrderRequest(secretStr)if(type(json_initDc) is dict):checkOrderInfo(json_initDc)time.sleep(2)else:print('不可购买')
def Convert(val):if(val == '无' or val == ''):return 0elif(val == '有'): #有一般是大于20return 20return int(val)

返回的车次信息是通过'|'分割的分割开来就可以看到了大致有用的信息的元素位置代码中已经标注了

二、提交下单请求

地址：https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest
参数：{secretStr:NwCfMpWhQYGrv9zKy/E2bJHhqOoVHXTgo5hTboBBIe/Kzro2zxrnAiA4x1lswwh5upe5V31vZwXQuv7gxy............  # 这个参数是第一步查询的第一个参数，那趟车可买票的时候才会有这个参数train_date:2019-02-14  # 发车日期back_train_date:2019-01-20 # 返程日期（不是往返票不用管他）一般默认是当天tour_flag:dc # 单程purpose_codes:ADULT # 普通票query_from_station_name:重庆 #起点站query_to_station_name:潼南 # 终点站undefined:  # 为空的参数}
返回：{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":"N","messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}

代码：

# 检测是否有未完成的订单，没有的话获取购票人
def submitOrderRequest(secretStr):reqdata = {"secretStr": secretStr,"train_date": TicketDTO['train_date'],"back_train_date": time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime(time.time())),"tour_flag": 'dc',"purpose_codes": 'ADULT',"query_from_station_name": TicketDTO['from_station_name'],"query_to_station_name": TicketDTO['to_station_name'],"undefined": ''}url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest'data = post(url, reqdata)json_result = json.loads(data)if(json_result['status']):if(json_result['data'] == 'N'):  # 无未完成的订单 去获取参数然后获取购票人json_initDc = getinitDc()if(getPassenge(json_initDc['REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN'])):return json_initDcelse:print(json_result['messages'])return False

如果你有票未支付的状态下，会返回有未完成的订单什么什么的叫你去处理，其他没啥

三、获取一些参数后面用到

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc #获取一堆参数 后面的请求需要用到
参数：{_json_att:'' # 空参数}
返回的是一个页面，需要用正则去取数据

代码：

def getinitDc():html_data = post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc',{"_json_att: ": ""})REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN = re.findall(re.compile("var globalRepeatSubmitToken = '(.*?)';", re.S), html_data)key_check_isChange = re.findall(re.compile("'key_check_isChange':'(.*?)',", re.S), html_data)leftTicketStr = re.findall(re.compile("'leftTicketStr':'(.*?)',", re.S), html_data)tour_flag = re.findall(re.compile(",'tour_flag':'(.*?)',", re.S), html_data)purpose_codes = re.findall(re.compile(",'purpose_codes':'(.*?)',", re.S), html_data)train_location = re.findall(re.compile(",'train_location':'(.*?)'", re.S), html_data)train_no = re.findall(re.compile(",'train_no':'(.*?)',", re.S), html_data) station_train_code = re.findall(re.compile(",'station_train_code':'(.*?)',", re.S), html_data) from_station_telecode = re.findall(re.compile(",'from_station_telecode':'(.*?)',", re.S), html_data)to_station = re.findall(re.compile(",'to_station':'(.*?)',", re.S), html_data)json_initDc = {'REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN[0],'key_check_isChange': key_check_isChange[0],'leftTicketStr': leftTicketStr[0],'tour_flag': tour_flag[0],'purpose_codes': purpose_codes[0],'train_location': train_location[0],'train_no': train_no[0],'station_train_code': station_train_code[0],'from_station_telecode': from_station_telecode[0],'to_station': to_station[0]}return json_initDc

四、获取购票人信息

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getPassengerDTOs # 获取购票人信息 (乘车人信息)
参数：{_json_att:'', #为空REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN:1e4811cbf86e722b50c7cb4293d1969c # 第三步中获取的一个参数}
返回：{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"notify_for_gat":"","isExist":true,"exMsg":"","two_isOpenClick":["93","95","97","99"],"other_isOpenClick":["91","93","98","99","95","97"],"normal_passengers":[{"code":"2","passenger_name":"XX","sex_code":"M","sex_name":"男","born_date":"199....","country_code":"CN","passenger_id_type_code":"1","passenger_id_type_name":"中国居民身份证","passenger_id_no":"500223....","passenger_type":"1","passenger_flag":"0","passenger_type_name":"成人","mobile_no":"13...","phone_no":"","email":"...@qq.com","address":"","postalcode":"","first_letter":"CZ","recordCount":"7","total_times":"99","index_id":"0","gat_born_date":"","gat_valid_date_start":"","gat_valid_date_end":"","gat_version":""},{"code":"1","passenger_name":"XX","sex_code":"M","sex_name":"男","born_date":"2016-02-14 00:00:00","country_code":"CN","passenger_id_type_code":"1","passenger_id_type_name":"中国居民身份证","passenger_id_no":"500230....","passenger_type":"1","passenger_flag":"0","passenger_type_name":"成人","mobile_no":"","phone_no":"","email":"","address":"","postalcode":"","first_letter":"AJ","recordCount":"7","total_times":"99","index_id":"1","gat_born_date":"","gat_valid_date_start":"","gat_valid_date_end":"","gat_version":""},{"code":"4","passenger_name":"XXX","sex_code":"F","sex_name":"女","born_date":"1900-01-01 00:00:00","country_code":"CN","passenger_id_type_code":"1","passenger_id_type_name":"中国居民身份证","passenger_id_no":"51160........","passenger_type":"1","passenger_flag":"0","passenger_type_name":"成人","mobile_no":"15.....","phone_no":"","email":"","address":"","postalcode":"","first_letter":"DYM","recordCount":"7","total_times":"99","index_id":"3","gat_born_date":"","gat_valid_date_start":"","gat_valid_date_end":"","gat_version":""}]},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}

代码

def getPassenge(REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN):if(any(TicketDTO['passengerInfo'])): #如果获取过了就直接返回return Trueelse:url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getPassengerDTOs'reqdata = {"_json_att: ": "","REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN": REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN[0]}data = post(url, reqdata)json_result = json.loads(data)for item in json_result['data']['normal_passengers']:if item['passenger_name'] in TicketDTO['holder']:TicketDTO['passengerInfo'] = {'passengerTicketStr': 'O,'+item['passenger_flag']+','+item['passenger_type']+','+item['passenger_name']+','+item['passenger_id_type_code']+','+item['passenger_id_no']+','+item['mobile_no']+',N','oldPassengerStr': item['passenger_name']+','+item['passenger_id_type_code']+','+item['passenger_id_no'] + ',1_'} # 拼接下面要用到的参数if(any(TicketDTO['passengerInfo'])):print("购票人数据获取成功")return True

五、检查订单信息

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/checkOrderInfo # 检查订单信息 (是否能购票，是否有未支付的订单)
参数:{cancel_flag:2  # 固定参数bed_level_order_num:000000000000000000000000000000  # 固定参数passengerTicketStr:O,0,1,XX,1,500223...,132...,N   #购票人方法中拼接好的 购票人信息oldPassengerStr:XX,1,5002.....,1_   #购票人中拼接好的tour_flag:dc  #单程。。基本固定的，不过第三步中获取过randCode:''  #空参数whatsSelect:1  # 固定_json_att:''  #空参数REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN:1e4811cbf86e722b50c7cb4293d1969c #第三步中获取的
}
返回:{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"ifShowPassCode":"N","canChooseBeds":"N","canChooseSeats":"Y","choose_Seats":"OM","isCanChooseMid":"N","ifShowPassCodeTime":"1","submitStatus":true,"smokeStr":""},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}

代码：

def checkOrderInfo(json_initDc):reqdata = {'cancel_flag': '2', #固定'bed_level_order_num': '000000000000000000000000000000','passengerTicketStr': TicketDTO['passengerInfo']['passengerTicketStr'],'oldPassengerStr': TicketDTO['passengerInfo']['oldPassengerStr'],'tour_flag': json_initDc['tour_flag'],  # 基本固定'randCode': '','whatsSelect': '1',  # 固定'_json_att': '',  # 为空'REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': json_initDc['REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN']}data = post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/checkOrderInfo', reqdata)json_result = json.loads(data)print(json_result)if(json_result['status']):print('检查订单成功')else:print('检查订单失败'+json_result['messages'])return

返回的可选座位类型之类的东西

6.获取余票与排队人数

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getQueueCount # 获取余票，与排队人数
参数{train_date:Thu+Feb+14+2019+00:00:00+GMT+0800+(中国标准时间) #购票时间格式化出来的train_no:77000D514708 # 车次 第三步获取过stationTrainCode:D5147 #班次 第三步获取过seatType:O # O代表二等座，这儿有个固定字典的类型fromStationTelecode:CUW #起点站简码 第三步获取过toStationTelecode:TVW #终点站简码 第三步获取过leftTicket:CLy0iYHVYp2Mctmf3%2FRbBmuCCUGyeyU8JF%2Bjolnv%2FfplIrD2 #第三步获取的purpose_codes:00  #第三步获取的train_location:W2 #第三步获取的_json_att:''   #为空REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN:1e4811cbf86e722b50c7cb4293d1969c #第三步获取的
}
返回:{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"count":"0","ticket":"463,85","op_2":"false","countT":"0","op_1":"false"},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}

代码：

# 获取余票
def getQueueCount():reqdata = {'train_date': time.strftime("%a+%b+%d+%Y+00:00:00+GMT+0800", time.strptime(TicketDTO['train_date'], "%Y-%m-%d"))+'+(中国标准时间)','train_no': json_initDc['train_no'],  # 班次号'stationTrainCode': json_initDc['station_train_code'],  # 车次'seatType': 'O',# json_result['data']['choose_Seats'],  #  就是你选座的类型 二等座 O'fromStationTelecode': json_initDc['from_station_telecode'],  # 起点终点'toStationTelecode': json_initDc['to_station'],'leftTicket': json_initDc['leftTicketStr'],'purpose_codes': json_initDc['purpose_codes'],  # ?? 姑且认为是固定  没有取不到的参数！'train_location': json_initDc['train_location'],  # ??'_json_att': '','REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': json_initDc['REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN']}reqdata_Str= bytes.decode(urllib.parse.urlencode(reqdata).encode('utf-8')).replace('%2B','+').replace('GMT+0800','GMT%2B0800').replace('%28','(').replace('%29',')')_headers= {"Accept":"application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01","Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate, br","Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2","Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8","Host":"kyfw.12306.cn","Referer":"https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:64.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/64.0","X-Requested-With":"XMLHttpRequest"}data = post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getQueueCount',reqdata_Str,headers=_headers)json_result = json.loads(data)if(json_result['status']):print(json_result)print('提交下单信息成功，余票信息：'+json_result['data']['ticket']+'  排队人数：'+json_result['data']['count']) #T估计是票总数if(json_result['data']['op_2']=='true'):print('排队人数超过余票') # 应该需要重新发起请求之类的else:print('提交下单信息失败，'+json_result['messages'])return

需注意：

1.train_date 参数格式化的问题，在这卡了1天.......，转码不对提交的请求总会返回"url":"/leftTicket/init","status":false,"httpstatus":200,"messages":["系统忙，请稍后重试"]

返回的信息里ticket代表票的余量会返回2中票的余量 op_2为true时代表排队人数超过余票

六、选座，提交

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/confirmSingleForQueue
参数：{passengerTicketStr:O,0,1,XX,1,500....,132.....,N   # 拼接的购票人信息oldPassengerStr:XX,1,5002....,1_     # 拼接的购票人信息randCode:'' #空数据purpose_codes:00   # 第三步获取key_check_isChange:5EAB44C37C430901F5D2AA18462DD31BDADFE7DE17048A36906509CD   # 第三步获取leftTicketStr:Imh2yxCys%2Fo%2FhDX%2B3ZZOYgnkoNLrsZz6OFEYF5oGBrFRIB2p  # 第三步获取train_location:W2  # 第三步获取choose_seats:1D #选的座位，没有的话他会帮你随机选。。seatDetailType:000   # 固定whatsSelect:1  # 固定roomType:00   # 固定dwAll:N   # 固定_json_att:''  #空REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN:1e4811cbf86e722b50c7cb4293d1969c    # 第三步获取
}
返回:{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"submitStatus":true},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}

代码：

def confirmSingleForQueue():reqdata = {'passengerTicketStr': TicketDTO['passengerInfo']['passengerTicketStr'],'oldPassengerStr': TicketDTO['passengerInfo']['oldPassengerStr'],'randCode': '','purpose_codes': json_initDc['purpose_codes'],'key_check_isChange': json_initDc['key_check_isChange'],'leftTicketStr': json_initDc['leftTicketStr'],'train_location': json_initDc['train_location'],'choose_seats': '1D',  # ??  选择的座位'seatDetailType': '000', # 固定'whatsSelect': '1',# 固定'roomType': '00',# 固定'dwAll': 'N',# 固定'_json_att':'' ,# 固定'REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': json_initDc['REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN']}data = post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/confirmSingleForQueue', reqdata)print(data)json_result=json.loads(data)if(json_result['status']):if(json_result['data']['submitStatus']):print('选座成功！')else:print('选座失败。。 '+json_result['messages'])return

七、提交订单排队，获取订单id

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/queryOrderWaitTime?random=1547780170175&tourFlag=dc&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=a8dc2ed1a814b3067cfc32550c17e0ed # 排队
参数:{random1547780170175 #秒级时间戳tourFlag:dc # 固定的 普通票_json_att:'' REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN:1e4811cbf86e722b50c7cb4293d1969c  #第三步获取
}
返回：{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"queryOrderWaitTimeStatus":true,"count":0,"waitTime":-1,"requestId":6491860556856379439,"waitCount":0,"tourFlag":"dc","orderId":"E702546392"},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}

代码：

# 下单等待确定
def queryOrderWaitTime():orderId=''OrderWait_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/queryOrderWaitTime?random='+str(int(time.time()*1000))+'&tourFlag=dc&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN='+json_initDc['REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN']html_data = get(OrderWait_url)json_result = json.loads(html_data) #这边返回的订单ID 需要作为参数print(json_result)if(json_result['status'] and json_result['data']['queryOrderWaitTimeStatus']):print('等待提交订单信息成功')orderId=json_result['data']['orderId']while(orderId==None):time.sleep(json_result['data']['waitTime'])html_data = get(OrderWait_url) #需要等一会才能返回订单的idjson_result = json.loads(html_data)print(json_result)if(json_result['status'] and json_result['data']['queryOrderWaitTimeStatus']):orderId=json_result['data']['orderId']else:print('等待提交订单信息失败，'+json_result['messages'])return

需注意：返回的信息中有个等待时间waitTime代表需要等待这么久才能获取到orderid 否则是none，orderid下面需要用到

八、确定回执信息

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/resultOrderForDcQueue # 确定下单成功
参数{orderSequence_no:E702546390  #上一步返回的订单id_json_att:'' #空REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN:1e4811cbf86e722b50c7cb4293d1969c  #第三步的
}
返回:{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"submitStatus":true},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}

代码：

# 回执信息
def resultOrderForDcQueue():reqdata = {'orderSequence_no':orderId,'_json_att':'','REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': json_initDc['REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN']}data = post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/resultOrderForDcQueue', reqdata)print(data)json_result = json.loads(data)if(json_result['status']):if(json_result['data']['submitStatus']):print('下单成功！！！！！！！！！去付款吧')# Email提醒else:print('下单失败。。。。。。。 '+json_result['messages'])

五-八我是写在一个方法里的，这里为了展示，分出来

注意：

"submitStatus":true ！！！！说明下单成功了，去12306里支付就ok！！

源码地址：https://github.com/YuChenDayCode/Ticket