一、requests库

Requests 是用Python语言编写，基于 urllib，采用 Apache2 Licensed 开源协议的 HTTP 库。它比 urllib 更加方便，可以节约我们大量的工作，完全满足 HTTP 测试需求。

二、发请求

response = requests.get(‘https://github.com/timeline.json’) #GET请求

response = requests.post(“http://httpbin.org/post”) #POST请求

response = requests.put(“http://httpbin.org/put”) #PUT请求

response = requests.delete(“http://httpbin.org/delete”) #DELETE请求

response = requests.head(“http://httpbin.org/get”) #HEAD请求

response = requests.options(“http://httpbin.org/get”) #OPTIONS请求

返回类型是一个HTTPresponse类型。

print(response.status_code) # 打印状态码

print(response.url) # 打印请求url

print(response.headers) # 打印头信息

print(response.cookies) # 打印cookie信息

print(response.text) #以文本形式打印网页源码

print(response.content) #以字节流形式打印

三、传参

1、方法

(1)直接将参数放在url内

response = requests.get(http://httpbin.org/get?name=gemey&age=22)

(2)先将参数填写在dict中，发起请求时params参数指定为dict

data = {

'name': 'tom',

'age': 20

}

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=data)

2、为你的请求添加头信息

heads = {}

heads['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 ' \

'(Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 ' \

'(KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50'

response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com',headers=headers)

3、使用代理

proxy = {

'http': '120.25.253.234:812',

'https' '163.125.222.244:8123'

}

req = requests.get(url,proxies=proxy)

4、不同于get请求，post请求可以在body里添加内容

data = {'name':'tom','age':'22'}

response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data)

5、异常捕获处理

import requests

from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,HTTPError,RequestException

try:

response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com',timeout=0.5)

print(response.status_code)

except ReadTimeout:

print('timeout')

except HTTPError:

print('httperror')

except RequestException:

print('reqerror')

四、会话保持

会话对象让你能够跨请求保持某些参数。它也会在同一个 Session 实例发出的所有请求之间保持 cookie。

session = requests.Session()

session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/12345')

response = session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')

五、查看和发送Cookie

具体见

requests官方中文文档

快速入门版 http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html

进阶版 http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/advanced.html#advanced