opencv-车辆牌照识别（一）

步骤：车辆牌照灰度化——车辆牌照二值化——遍历每一行像素，去掉上下边框及铆钉——遍历每一列像素，去掉左右边框——字符分割——字符匹配（字符匹配采用SSIM方法）

#include<iostream>
#include "stdio.h"
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include"match.h"
using namespace cv;int main()
{IplImage*src=cvLoadImage("C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\1.jpg");IplImage*dst = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);for (int i=0; i<src->height; i++) //将src灰度化得到dst,图像灰度化{                   for (int j=0; j<src->width; j++) {                    CvScalar s = cvGet2D(src, i, j);int grayscale = (int)(s.val[0] * 0.299 + s.val[1] * 0.587 + s.val[2] * 0.114);CvScalar ds;ds.val[0] = grayscale;cvSet2D(dst, i, j, ds);}                         }IplImage*erzhitu = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);for (int i = 0; i<dst->height; i++) //将dst二值化得到erzhitu,图像二值化{for (int j = 0; j<dst->width; j++){CvScalar ls = cvGet2D(dst, i, j);CvScalar ms;if (ls.val[0] > 125)//将阈值人为地定义为125{ms.val[0] = 255;cvSet2D(erzhitu, i, j, ms);}else{ms.val[0] = 0;cvSet2D(erzhitu, i, j, ms);}           }}printf("erzhitu->height=%d\n", erzhitu->height);int flag_height[1000] = {0};int flag = 0;int real_height1 = 0, real_height2 = 0;for (int i = 0; i<erzhitu->height; i++) //统计每一行白色像素的数目{for (int j = 0; j<erzhitu->width; j++){CvScalar ns = cvGet2D(erzhitu, i, j);if (ns.val[0] == 255){flag += 1;}}flag_height[i] = flag;flag = 0;}for (int i = 0; i < erzhitu->height; i++)//从第一行开始遍历，当某一行的像素数大于50且小于200的时候，认为是车牌的开始{if (flag_height[i]>50 && flag_height[i]<200){real_height1 = i;printf("real_height1=%d\n", real_height1);break;}}for (int i = erzhitu->height-1; i>0; i--)//从最后一行开始遍历，当某一行的像素数大于20且小于200的时候，认为是车牌的结束{if (flag_height[i]>50 && flag_height[i]<200){real_height2 = i;printf("real_height2=%d\n", real_height2);break;}}IplImage*erzhitu_xiuzheng = cvCreateImage(cvSize(erzhitu->width,real_height2 - real_height1 + 1), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);for (int i = real_height1; i<=real_height2; i++) //得到去掉铆钉后的图像{for (int j = 0; j<erzhitu->width; j++){CvScalar bs = cvGet2D(erzhitu, i, j);cvSet2D(erzhitu_xiuzheng, (i-real_height1), j, bs);}}int flag_width[1000] = { 0 };int flag1 = 0;int real_width1 = 0, real_width2 = 0;for (int i = 0; i<erzhitu_xiuzheng->width; i++) //统计每一列白色像素的数目{for (int j = 0; j<erzhitu_xiuzheng->height; j++){CvScalar ts = cvGet2D(erzhitu_xiuzheng, j, i);if (ts.val[0] == 255){flag1 += 1;}}flag_width[i] = flag1;flag1 = 0;}for (int i = 0; i < erzhitu_xiuzheng->width; i++)//从第一列开始遍历，当某一列的像素数大于100的时候，认为是车牌的开始{if (flag_width[i]>100){real_width1 = i;printf("real_width1=%d\n", real_width1);break;}}for (int i = erzhitu_xiuzheng->width - 1; i>0; i--)//从最后一列开始遍历，当某一列的像素数大于100的时候，认为是车牌的结束{if (flag_width[i]>100){real_width2 = i;printf("real_width2=%d\n", real_width2);break;}}IplImage*erzhitu_xiuzheng1 = cvCreateImage(cvSize(real_width2 - real_width1 - 5, erzhitu_xiuzheng->height), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);for (int i = 0; i < erzhitu_xiuzheng->height; i++) //得到去掉周边白框的图像{for (int j = real_width1 + 3; j <= real_width2 - 3; j++){CvScalar ws = cvGet2D(erzhitu_xiuzheng, i, j);cvSet2D(erzhitu_xiuzheng1, i, (j - real_width1 - 3), ws);}}int real_address[7][2];int real_wid1 = -1;int real_wid2 = 0;int record_number = 0;for (int i = 0; i < erzhitu_xiuzheng1->width; i++)//字符分割{int flag1 = 0;for (int j = 0; j < erzhitu_xiuzheng1->height; j++){CvScalar gs = cvGet2D(erzhitu_xiuzheng1, j, i);if (gs.val[0] == 255){if (real_wid1 == -1){real_wid1 = i;}flag1 = 1;break;}}if ((real_wid1 != -1) && flag1 == 0){real_wid2 = i;if ((real_wid2 - real_wid1) < 15){real_wid1 = -1;flag = 0;continue;}real_address[record_number][0] = real_wid1;real_address[record_number][1] = real_wid2;real_wid1 = -1;real_wid2 = 0;record_number += 1;}}for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++){printf("width1[%d]:%d,width1[%d]:%d\n", i, real_address[i][0], i, real_address[i][1]);}for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)//输出字符分割的结果，并输出匹配的结果{int first_width = real_address[i][0];int second_width = real_address[i][1];int word_width = second_width - first_width;int word_height = erzhitu_xiuzheng1->height;IplImage*word = cvCreateImage(cvSize(word_width, word_height), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);for (int j = 0; j < word_height; j++){for (int l = first_width; l < second_width; l++){CvScalar as = cvGet2D(erzhitu_xiuzheng1, j, l);cvSet2D(word, j, (l - first_width), as);}}IplImage*word1 = cvCreateImage(cvSize(20, 40), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);cvResize(word, word1, 1);cvNamedWindow("word1");cvShowImage("word1", word1);int final_result=match_ok(word1);match_result(final_result);}cvNamedWindow("src");cvShowImage("src", src);cvNamedWindow("dst");cvShowImage("dst", dst);cvNamedWindow("erzhitu");cvShowImage("erzhitu", erzhitu);cvNamedWindow("erzhitu_xiuzheng");cvShowImage("erzhitu_xiuzheng", erzhitu_xiuzheng);cvNamedWindow("erzhitu_xiuzheng1");cvShowImage("erzhitu_xiuzheng1", erzhitu_xiuzheng1);cvWaitKey(-1);return 0;
}

字符匹配的程序如下所示：

#include "match.h"
using namespace std;
#define match_all 65const char *match_pic[match_all] = {"C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\0.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\1.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\2.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\3.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\4.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\5.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\6.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\7.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\8.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\9.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\A.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\B.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\C.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\D.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\E.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\F.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\G.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\H.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\J.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\K.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\L.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\M.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\N.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\P.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\Q.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\R.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\S.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\T.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\U.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\V.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\W.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\X.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\Y.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\Z.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw1.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw2.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw3.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw4.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw5.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw6.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw7.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw8.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw9.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw10.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw11.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw12.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw13.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw14.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw15.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw16.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw17.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw18.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw19.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw20.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw21.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw22.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw23.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw24.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw25.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw26.bmp","C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw27.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw28.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw29.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw30.bmp", "C:\\Users\\aoe\\Desktop\\chepai\\10_match\\10_match\\match_pic\\zw31.bmp",
};
double match_number[match_all];CvScalar getMSSIM(IplImage*i1, IplImage*i2)
{const double C1 = 6.5025, C2 = 58.5225;/***************************** INITS **********************************/if (i1 == NULL || i2 == NULL)return -1;IplImage *I1 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(i1), IPL_DEPTH_32F, i1->nChannels);IplImage *I2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(i2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, i2->nChannels);cvConvert(i1, I1);           // cannot calculate on one byte large valuescvConvert(i2, I2);IplImage *I1_2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I1), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I1->nChannels);IplImage *I2_2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I2->nChannels);IplImage *I1_I2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I2->nChannels);cvPow(I1, I1_2,2);        // I1^2cvPow(I2, I2_2, 2);        // I2^2cvMul(I1,I2,I1_I2,1);        // I1 * I2/*************************** END INITS **********************************/IplImage *mu1 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I1), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I1->nChannels);IplImage *mu2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I2->nChannels);cvSmooth(I1, mu1,CV_GAUSSIAN, 11,11,1.5);cvSmooth(I2, mu2, CV_GAUSSIAN, 11, 11, 1.5);IplImage *mu1_2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I1), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I1->nChannels);IplImage *mu2_2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I2->nChannels);IplImage *mu1_mu2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I2->nChannels);cvPow(mu1, mu1_2, 2);        // mu1^2cvPow(mu2, mu2_2, 2);        // mu2^2cvMul(mu1, mu2, mu1_mu2, 1);        // mu1 * mu2IplImage *sigma1_2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I1), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I1->nChannels);IplImage *sigma2_2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I2->nChannels);IplImage *sigma12 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I2->nChannels);cvSmooth(I1_2, sigma1_2,CV_GAUSSIAN,11, 11, 1.5);cvAddWeighted(sigma1_2, 1, I1_2, -1, 0,sigma1_2);cvSmooth(I2_2, sigma2_2, CV_GAUSSIAN, 11, 11, 1.5);cvAddWeighted(sigma2_2, 1, I2_2, -1, 0, sigma2_2);cvSmooth(I1_I2, sigma12, CV_GAUSSIAN, 11, 11, 1.5);cvAddWeighted(sigma12, 1, I1_I2, -1, 0, sigma12);/ FORMULA IplImage *t1 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I1), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I1->nChannels);IplImage *t2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I2->nChannels);IplImage *t3 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I2->nChannels);cvScale(mu1_mu2, t1, 2);cvAddS(t1, cvScalarAll(C1), t1);cvScale(sigma12, t2, 2);cvAddS(t2, cvScalarAll(C2), t2);cvMul(t1, t2, t3, 1);// t3 = ((2*mu1_mu2 + C1).*(2*sigma12 + C2))cvAdd(mu1_2, mu2_2, t1);cvAddS(t1, cvScalarAll(C1), t1);cvAdd(sigma1_2, sigma2_2, t2);cvAddS(t2, cvScalarAll(C2), t2);cvMul(t1, t2, t1, 1);   // t1 =((mu1_2 + mu2_2 + C1).*(sigma1_2 + sigma2_2 + C2))IplImage *ssim_map = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(I2), IPL_DEPTH_32F, I2->nChannels);cvDiv(t3, t1, ssim_map,1);      // ssim_map =  t3./t1;CvScalar mssim =cvAvg(ssim_map); // mssim = average of ssim mapcvReleaseImage(&i2);cvReleaseImage(&I1);cvReleaseImage(&I2);cvReleaseImage(&I1_2);cvReleaseImage(&I2_2);cvReleaseImage(&I1_I2);cvReleaseImage(&mu1);cvReleaseImage(&mu2);cvReleaseImage(&mu1_2);cvReleaseImage(&mu2_2);cvReleaseImage(&mu1_mu2);cvReleaseImage(&sigma1_2);cvReleaseImage(&sigma2_2);cvReleaseImage(&sigma12);cvReleaseImage(&t1);cvReleaseImage(&t2);cvReleaseImage(&t3);cvReleaseImage(&ssim_map);return mssim;
}int match_ok(IplImage*ii)
{int i, result = 0;CvScalar s;double k = 0;for (i = 0; i<match_all; i++){IplImage*img = cvLoadImage(match_pic[i],0);if (img == NULL)cout << "未载入图像";s = getMSSIM(ii, img);match_number[i] = s.val[0];}for (i = 0; i<match_all; i++){if (match_number[i] > k){k = match_number[i];result = i;}}cout << "k=" << k << endl;return result;
}void match_result(int number)
{char tmp = 'A';if (number<10){printf("%d", number);}else if (number < 35){if (number < 18){tmp = tmp + number - 10;printf("%c", tmp);}else if ((number >= 18) && (number <= 22)){tmp = tmp + number - 9;printf("%c", tmp);}else{tmp = tmp + number - 8;printf("%c", tmp);}}else{switch (number){case 35:printf("藏");break;case 36:printf("川");break;case 37:printf("鄂");break;case 38:printf("甘");break;case 39:printf("赣");break;case 40:printf("贵");break;case 41:printf("桂");break;case 42:printf("黑");break;case 43:printf("泸");break;case 44:printf("吉");break;case 45:printf("翼");break;case 46:printf("津");break;case 47:printf("晋");break;case 48:printf("京");break;case 49:printf("辽");break;case 50:printf("鲁");break;case 51:printf("蒙");break;case 52:printf("闽");break;case 53:printf("宁");break;case 54:printf("青");break;case 55:printf("琼");break;case 56:printf("陕");break;case 57:printf("苏");break;case 58:printf("皖");break;case 59:printf("湘");break;case 60:printf("新");break;case 61:printf("渝");break;case 62:printf("豫");break;case 63:printf("粤");break;case 64:printf("云");break;case 65:printf("浙");break;}}
}

此车辆牌照识别的效果并不是很理想。

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