apt-get install 与 pkg-config

apt-get

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install libdrm-dev , 报告以下错误：

下列软件包有未满足的依赖关系：
libdrm-dev : 依赖: libdrm2 (= 2.4.67-1) 但是 2.4.91-2~16.04.1 正要被安装
              依赖: libdrm-intel1 (= 2.4.67-1) 但是 2.4.91-2~16.04.1 正要被安装
              依赖: libdrm-radeon1 (= 2.4.67-1) 但是 2.4.91-2~16.04.1 正要被安装
              依赖: libdrm-nouveau2 (= 2.4.67-1) 但是 2.4.91-2~16.04.1 正要被安装
              依赖: libdrm-amdgpu1 (= 2.4.67-1) 但是 2.4.91-2~16.04.1 正要被安装
E: 无法修正错误，因为您要求某些软件包保持现状，就是它们破坏了软件包间的依赖关系

上面的报错表示你想安装 libdrm-dev ，他依赖于版本 2.4.67-1。但是你的机器上这些依赖已经安装，但是版本是 2.4.91-2~16.04.1
因此你要做的是下载 libdrm-dev 2.4.91-2~16.04.1 的deb版本并安装

https://askubuntu.com/questions/581242/ubuntu-14-04-installation-of-libdrm-dev

I am trying to install mesa-common-dev (sudo apt-get install mesa-common-dev), however I get the following message:

mesa-common-dev: Depends: libdrm-dev(>= 2.4.52) but will not be installed.

So, when I tried to install libdrm-dev, I get the following output:

libdrm-dev: Depends: libdrm2 (= 2.4.52-1) but 2.4.56-1~ubuntu1 will be installed.
        Depends: libdrm-intel1 (= 2.4.52-1) but 2.4.56-1~ubuntu1 will be installed.
        Depends: libdrm-radeon1 (= 2.4.52-1) but 2.4.56-1~ubuntu1 will be installed.
        Depends: libdrm-nouveau2 (= 2.4.52-1) but 2.4.56-1~ubuntu1 will be installed.

So, I think that this means that alternative packages are installed? However, when I again try to install mesa-common-dev, I get the same error as above...

Can anyone help out a newbie at Ubuntu 14.04? Thanks!

Look at this line:

Depends: libdrm2 (= 2.4.52-1) but 2.4.56-1~ubuntu1 will be installed.

It says the libdrm-dev to be installed is 2.4.52-1 and requires its dependencies all versioned in 2.4.52-1. But your apt-get only has 2.4.56-1~ubuntu1 available.

Thus, you may try to 'upgrade' the version of libdrm-dev, that is version 2.4.56-1~ubuntu1, as same as its newer dependencies in your case. Now if you google again with keywords libdrm-dev 2.4.56-1~ubuntu1, and within a few clicks, the download link may pop up and wget it like so:

wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/192227986/libdrm-dev_2.4.56-1~ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Then, make sure the dependencies are installed:

sudo apt-get install libdrm2 libdrm-intel1 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm-nouveau2

Now install the freshly downloaded libdrm-dev:

sudo dpkg -i libdrm-dev_2.4.56-1~ubuntu1_amd64.deb
rm libdrm-dev_2.4.56-1~ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Hope everything goes smoothly!

指定安装某个软件包的特定版本

apt-cache search typora

apt-cache showpkg typora

apt-get install typora=x.xx.xx（指定版本安装）

apt-mark hold typora（指定以后不要升级typora）

pkg-config

查看所有系统已注册的安装包

pkg-config --list-all

pkg-config --list-all |grep FFmpeg

使用某个安装包，需要的头文件和lib (在makefile中很实用)

pkg-config --cflags --libs gstreamer-1.0

pkg-config --cflags --libs gstreamer-1.0 libavcodec

我们平时安装的软件包，尤其是源码安装的，若不在默认路径下，需要export到PKG_CONFIG_PATH:

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/home/fang/Desktop/python_install/lib/pkgconfig
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/fang/Desktop/python_install/lib
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/opencv/bin

这样使用

pkg-config --cflags --libs python3

才可以正常显示