linux分区格式化命令

分区之后，并不能直接使用，需要格式化成特定的文件系统。

格式化(format)是指对磁盘或磁盘中的分区（partition）进行初始化的一种操作，这种操作通常会导致现有的磁盘或分区中所有的文件被清除。

1. mkfs

NAME

mkfs - build a Linux filesystem

SYNOPSIS

mkfs [options] [-t type] [fs-options] device [size]

DESCRIPTION

This mkfs frontend is deprecated in favour of filesystem specific

mkfs.<type> utils.

mkfs is used to build a Linux filesystem on a device, usually a hard

disk partition. The device argument is either the device name (e.g.

/dev/hda1, /dev/sdb2), or a regular file that shall contain the

filesystem. The size argument is the number of blocks to be used for

the filesystem.

In actuality, mkfs is simply a front-end for the various filesystem

builders (mkfs.fstype) available under Linux. The filesystem-specific

builder is searched for via your PATH environment setting only. Please

see the filesystem-specific builder manual pages for further details.

baoli@ubuntu:~$ mkfs -h

Usage:

mkfs [options] [-t <type>] [fs-options] <device> [<size>]

Make a Linux filesystem.

Options:

-t, --type=<type> filesystem type; when unspecified, ext2 is used

fs-options parameters for the real filesystem builder

<device> path to the device to be used

<size> number of blocks to be used on the device

-V, --verbose explain what is being done;

specifying -V more than once will cause a dry-run

-h, --help display this help

-V, --version display version

将sda1分区格式化为ext4格式:

mfks -t ext4 /dev/sda61

2. mke2fs

在磁盘分区上创建ext2、ext3、ext4文件系统，默认情况下会创建ext2。

mke2fs命令是专门用于管理ext系列文件系统的一个专门的工具。其还有像mkfs.ext2，mkfs.ext3，mkfs.ext4等衍生的命令，它们的用法mke2fs类似。

NAME

mke2fs - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem

SYNOPSIS

mke2fs [ -c | -l filename ] [ -b block-size ] [ -C cluster-size ] [ -d

root-directory ] [ -D ] [ -g blocks-per-group ] [ -G number-of-groups ]

[ -i bytes-per-inode ] [ -I inode-size ] [ -j ] [ -J journal-options ]

[ -N number-of-inodes ] [ -n ] [ -m reserved-blocks-percentage ] [ -o

creator-os ] [ -O [^]feature[,...] ] [ -q ] [ -r fs-revision-level ] [

-E extended-options ] [ -v ] [ -F ] [ -L volume-label ] [ -M last-

mounted-directory ] [ -S ] [ -t fs-type ] [ -T usage-type ] [ -U UUID ]

[ -V ] [ -e errors-behavior ] [ -z undo_file ] device [ fs-size ]

mke2fs -O journal_dev [ -b block-size ] [ -L volume-label ] [ -n ] [ -q

] [ -v ] external-journal [ fs-size ]

DESCRIPTION

mke2fs is used to create an ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem, usually in

a disk partition (or file) named by device.

The file system size is specified by fs-size. If fs-size does not have

a suffix, it is interpreted as power-of-two kilobytes, unless the -b

blocksize option is specified, in which case fs-size is interpreted as

the number of blocksize blocks. If the fs-size is suffixed by 'k',

'm', 'g', 't' (either upper-case or lower-case), then it is interpreted

in power-of-two kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, etc. If

fs-size is omitted, mke2fs will create the file system based on the

device size.

If mke2fs is run as mkfs.XXX (i.e., mkfs.ext2, mkfs.ext3, or mkfs.ext4)

the option -t XXX is implied; so mkfs.ext3 will create a file system

for use with ext3, mkfs.ext4 will create a file system for use with

ext4, and so on.

The defaults of the parameters for the newly created filesystem, if not

overridden by the options listed below, are controlled by the

/etc/mke2fs.conf configuration file. See the mke2fs.conf(5) manual

page for more details.

创建ext2 fs：

mke2fs /dev/sdb1

3. mkxxfs

mkntfs, the same as mkfs.ntfs

mkdosfs

mkinitramfs

mksquashfs

mkisofs

mkswap

mklost+found

mktemp

4. mkfs.xxx

mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext3 mkfs.fat mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat

mkfs.bfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.ntfs

4.1 mkfs.ext4

$ mkfs.ext4 -h

mkfs.ext4: invalid option -- 'h'

Usage: mkfs.ext4 [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size]

[-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options]

[-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes] [-d root-directory]

[-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os]

[-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory]

[-O feature[,...]] [-r fs-revision] [-E extended-option[,...]]

[-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-e errors_behavior][-z undo_file]

[-jnqvDFSV] device [blocks-count]

4.2 mkfs.vfat mkfs.fat

这个命令是格式化U盘的，vfat是文件系统类型，linux叫vfat, windows下叫FAT32 、这样格完后，windows linux 默认都都能认识了。

vFAT与FAT向后兼容，但允许文件具有更长的名称， mkfs.vfat并且mkfs.fat是相同的工具。

NAME

mkfs.fat - create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux

SYNOPSIS

mkfs.fat [OPTIONS] DEVICE [BLOCK-COUNT]

DESCRIPTION

mkfs.fat is used to create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux on a device

(usually a disk partition). DEVICE is the special file corresponding

to the device (e.g. /dev/sdXX). BLOCK-COUNT is the number of blocks on

the device. If omitted, mkfs.fat automatically determines the filesys‐

tem size.

$ mkfs.vfat --help

mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)

Usage: mkfs.fat [-a][-A][-c][-C][-v][-I][-l bad-block-file][-b backup-boot-sector]

[-m boot-msg-file][-n volume-name][-i volume-id]

[-s sectors-per-cluster][-S logical-sector-size][-f number-of-FATs]

[-h hidden-sectors][-F fat-size][-r root-dir-entries][-R reserved-sectors]

[-M FAT-media-byte][-D drive_number]

[--invariant]

[--help]

/dev/name [blocks]

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