使用pcb-tools解码Gerber文件报错IndexError: list index out of range

问题描述：

基于Github提供的示例代码编写：

import gerber
from gerber.render.cairo_backend import GerberCairoContext# Read gerber and Excellon files
top_copper = gerber.read('Gerber.GBX')
# nc_drill = gerber.read('example.txt')# Rendering context
ctx = GerberCairoContext()# Create SVG image
top_copper.render(ctx, filename='res.png')
# nc_drill.render(ctx, 'composite.svg')

Gerber文件Gerber.GBX部分内容如下：

G04 Generated by CircuitCAM Version 4.0*
%FSLAX24Y24*%
%MOIN*%
%ADD10C,0.003937*%
%ADD888C,0.003937*%
%ADD913R,0.051181X0.031496*%
%AMROUNDED906*21,1,0.025000,0.012126,0,0*
*21,1,0.017126,0.020000,0,0*
*1,1,0.007874,0.008563,0.006063*
*1,1,0.007874,0.008563,-0.006063*
*1,1,0.007874,-0.008563,-0.006063*
*1,1,0.007874,-0.008563,0.006063*%
%ADD906ROUNDED906*%
%AMROUNDED903*21,1,0.020000,0.017126,0,0*
*21,1,0.012126,0.025000,0,0*
*1,1,0.007874,0.006063,0.008563*
*1,1,0.007874,0.006063,-0.008563*
*1,1,0.007874,-0.006063,-0.008563*
*1,1,0.007874,-0.006063,0.008563*%
%ADD903ROUNDED903*%
%ADD910R,0.021654X0.053150*%以下略去。。。

报错信息如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):File "D:/Project/RectClustering/pcb-tools-test.py", line 5, in <module>top_copper = gerber.read('Gerber.GBX')File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\pytorch_py37\lib\site-packages\gerber\common.py", line 41, in readreturn loads(data, filename)File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\pytorch_py37\lib\site-packages\gerber\common.py", line 65, in loadsreturn rs274x.loads(data, filename=filename)File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\pytorch_py37\lib\site-packages\gerber\rs274x.py", line 70, in loadsreturn GerberParser().parse_raw(data, filename)File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\pytorch_py37\lib\site-packages\gerber\rs274x.py", line 270, in parse_rawself.evaluate(stmt)File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\pytorch_py37\lib\site-packages\gerber\rs274x.py", line 498, in evaluateself._evaluate_param(stmt)File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\pytorch_py37\lib\site-packages\gerber\rs274x.py", line 616, in _evaluate_paramself._define_aperture(stmt.d, stmt.shape, stmt.modifiers)File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\pytorch_py37\lib\site-packages\gerber\rs274x.py", line 584, in _define_apertureaperture = self.macros[shape].build(modifiers)File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\pytorch_py37\lib\site-packages\gerber\gerber_statements.py", line 438, in buildself.primitives.append(AMCenterLinePrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\pytorch_py37\lib\site-packages\gerber\am_statements.py", line 888, in from_gerberrotation = float(modifiers[6])
IndexError: list index out of range

解决过程：

查看pcb-tools源码，发现报错信息来自如下代码：

class AMCenterLinePrimitive(AMPrimitive):......@classmethoddef from_gerber(cls, primitive):modifiers = primitive.strip(' *').split(",")code = int(modifiers[0])exposure = 'on' if float(modifiers[1]) == 1 else 'off'width = float(modifiers[2])height = float(modifiers[3])center = (float(modifiers[4]), float(modifiers[5]))rotation = float(modifiers[6])return cls(code, exposure, width, height, center, rotation)......

报错信息来自rotation = float(modifiers[6])这一行代码，在此处打断点以调试模式运行，发现传入的primitive参数21,1,0.025000,0.012126,0,0经strip和split操作后生成的list只有6个元素导致list越界。

查看报错的栈信息，发现primitive参数实际上是来自于Gerber文件内data的解码，于是在Gerber文件中搜索21,1,0.025000,0.012126,0,0，发现位于Gerber文件的第7和第8行处。报错根源在于，pcb-tools源码中需要7个参数，但Gerber文件此处只提供了6个参数。第7个参数是旋转角度，干脆自己手动添个0尝试下。同时注意到第14和第15行也是同样问题，顺手也都添了个0。

再次运行，问题解决。猜想可能是生成Gerber文件的软件问题导致Gerber文件不符合规范，同时也表明pcb-tools的源码鲁棒性有待加强，居然在源码中直接写死rotation = float(modifiers[6])。

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