nginx软件安装部署

一、下载
两种安装方式:
1、yum安装软件
a 使用官方yum源进行安装安装的是最新版本软件目录结构比较标准 (推荐)
b 使用非官方yum源进行安装安装的不是最新版目录结构会发生变化
2、编译安装软件
第一个步骤:
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
PS: 解决软件的依赖 openssl-devel pcre-devel

[root@ lb01 ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
--2021-05-22 14:59:38--  http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 3.125.197.172, 52.58.199.22, 2a05:d014:edb:5702::6, ...
Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|3.125.197.172|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1032345 (1008K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz’100%[===============================================================================>] 1,032,345    352KB/s   in 2.9s   2021-05-22 14:59:47 (352 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz’ saved [1032345/1032345]
[root@ lb01 ~]# rpm -qa nginx
nginx-1.16.1-3.el7.x86_64
[root@ lb01 ~]# yum install -y openssl-devel
[root@ lb01 ~]# yum install -y pcre-devel

二、解压相关软件进入其目录

[root@ lb01 ~]# mkdir -p /server/tools
[root@ lb01 ~]# mv nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz /server/tools
[root@ lb01 tools]# tar -xf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
[root@ lb01 tools]# ll
total 1012
drwxr-xr-x. 8 rsync rsync     158 Apr 23  2019 nginx-1.16.0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root  1032345 Apr 23  2019 nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
[root@ lb01 tools]# cd nginx-1.16.0/

第三个步骤:编译安装
编译安装三步曲
a 进行配置操作
./configure （命令）（–prefix= PATH）（–user=USER ）
用法：./configure --prefix= （写上参数信息比如：–user=USER ）
–prefix=PATH set installation prefix
指定程序安装路径
–user=USER set non-privileged user for worker processes
设置一个虚拟用户管理worker进程(安全)
–group=GROUP set non-privileged group for worker processes
设置一个虚拟用户组管理worker进程(安全)

[root@ lb01 nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --help--help                             print this message--prefix=PATH                      set installation prefix--sbin-path=PATH                   set nginx binary pathname--modules-path=PATH                set modules path--conf-path=PATH                   set nginx.conf pathname--error-log-path=PATH              set error log pathname--pid-path=PATH                    set nginx.pid pathname--lock-path=PATH                   set nginx.lock pathname
***可以看到很多具体参数的用法。***

b 进行软件的编译过程:
make
c 编译安装过程
make install
（接上nginx第二种安装方法）yum官方源安装方法:
第一个历程: 更新nginx官方yum源

[root@ lb01 nginx-1.16.0]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key

第二个历程: yum安装nginx软件

[root@ lb01 nginx-1.16.0]# yum install -y nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: mirrors.aliyun.com* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
nginx-stable                                 | 2.9 kB     00:00
nginx-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db               |  63 kB   00:06
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-3.el7 will be updated
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.0-1.el7.ngx will be an update
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved====================================================================Package   Arch       Version                Repository        Size
====================================================================
Updating:nginx     x86_64     1:1.20.0-1.el7.ngx     nginx-stable     790 kTransaction Summary
====================================================================
Upgrade  1 PackageTotal download size: 790 k
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nginx-stable/packages/nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
Public key for nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm is not installed
nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm              | 790 kB   00:13
Retrieving key from https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
Importing GPG key 0x7BD9BF62:Userid     : "nginx signing key <signing-key@nginx.com>"Fingerprint: 573b fd6b 3d8f bc64 1079 a6ab abf5 bd82 7bd9 bf62From       : https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transactionUpdating   : 1:nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64                  1/2
warning: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf created as /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf.rpmnew
warning: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf created as /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.rpmnewCleanup    : 1:nginx-1.16.1-3.el7.x86_64                      2/2 Verifying  : 1:nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64                  1/2 Verifying  : 1:nginx-1.16.1-3.el7.x86_64                      2/2 Updated:nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.0-1.el7.ngx                                   Complete!

第三个历程: 启动nginx服务,检查服务是否安装正确

[root@ lb01 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@ lb01 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-05-22 17:15:04 CST; 11s agoDocs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/Process: 4452 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 4453 (nginx)CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service├─4453 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf└─4454 nginx: worker processMay 22 17:15:04 lb01 systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
May 22 17:15:04 lb01 systemd[1]: Can't open PID file /var/run/nginx.pid (yet?) after start: No such file or directory
May 22 17:15:04 lb01 systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.
[root@ lb01 ~]# systemctl enable nginx

测试访问nginx服务
在页面输入nginx的IP地址

查看软件的目录结构（不切割常年积累会很大，所以为了方便查看必须进行切割处理。）
1、/etc/logrotate.d
实现nginx日志文件定时切割处理
日志切割方法一: 利用脚本实现切割

[root@ lb01 ~]# vim /etc/logrotate.d#!/bin/bashmv /var/log/nginx/access.log  /var/log/nginx /access_$(date +%F).logsystemctl restart nginx

日志切割方法二: 利用专用文件切割程序–logrotate

[root@ lb01 ~]# vim /etc/logrotate.conf
# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly      --- 定义默认日志切割的周期# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4    --- 定义只保留几个切割后的文件# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create      --- 创建出一个相同的源文件# use date as a suffix of the rotated file
dateext     --- 定义角标(扩展名称信息)# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed
#compress   --- 是否对切割后的文件进行压缩处理# RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory
include /etc/logrotate.d    --- 加载包含/etc/logrotate.d/目录中文件配置
# no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'll rotate them here
/var/log/wtmp {             --- 单独对某个文件进行切割配置monthly                    *(主要就在这块代码切割。)*create 0664 root utmpminsize 1M          --- 最小大小为1M,小于1M不进行切割rotate 1
}/var/log/btmp {missingokmonthlycreate 0600 root utmp

总结:
01. /etc/nginx 配置文件
02. /var/log/nginx 日志文件
03. /usr/bin/nginx 命令文件
04. /usr/share/nginx/html 站点目录
图片附件信息音频视频等

nginx服务配置文件

[root@ lb01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf        --- 主配置文件
user  nginx;         --- 定义worker进程管理的用户
worker_processes  auto;error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;    --- 定义错误日志路径信息
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;                --- 定义pid文件路径信息events {worker_connections  1024;                ---一个worker进程可以同时接收1024访问请求
}http {include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;   --- 加载一个配置文件default_type  application/octet-stream;     --- 指定默认识别文件类型log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';     --- 定义日志的格式 access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;  --- 指定日志路径 sendfile        on;#tcp_nopush     on;keepalive_timeout  65;       --- 超时时间#gzip  on;include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;  --- 加载一个配置文件}

server区域信息

/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf  ------ 扩展配置(虚拟主机配置文件)[root@ lb01 conf.d]# cat default.conf
server {listen       80;            --- 指定监听的端口server_name  localhost;      --- 指定网站域名#access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;location / {root   /usr/share/nginx/html;   --- 定义站点目录的位置index  index.html index.htm;   --- 定义首页文件(访问的时候显示的页面)}#error_page  404              /404.html;# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html#error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;--- 优雅显示页面信息location = /50x.html {root   /usr/share/nginx/html;}# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80##location ~ \.php$ {#    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;#}# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000##location ~ \.php$ {#    root           html;#    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;#    fastcgi_index  index.php;#    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;#    include        fastcgi_params;#}# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root# concurs with nginx's one##location ~ /\.ht {#    deny  all;#}
}

切换到站点目录下

[root@ lb01 conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html
添加一张图片
[root@ lb01 html]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@ lb01 html]# ll
total 264
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    494 Apr 21 00:09 50x.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 260468 May 22 13:43 http.png
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    612 Apr 21 00:09 index.html

站点目录下存在了一张图片，我们尝试访问一下
成功！！

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