实验二贪吃蛇游戏的开发

1，项目概述

1.1项目目标和主要内容
目标：整体程序无bug，实现贪吃蛇游戏基本功能；

1）实现贪吃蛇游戏基本功能，屏幕上随机出现一个“食物”，称为豆子。玩家能利用上下左右键控制“蛇”的移动，“蛇”吃到“豆子”后“蛇”身体加长一节，得分增加，“蛇”碰到边界或蛇头与蛇身相撞，“蛇”死亡，游戏结束。

2）进行交互界面的设计，要有开始键、暂停键和停止退出的选项，能够控制游戏进程。对蛇吃到豆子进行分值计算，可以设置游戏速度，游戏音乐等拓展元素。

使用Java编程语言，在IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition上进行开发。

主要内容：屏幕上随机出现一个“食物”，称为豆子，上下左右控制“蛇”的移动，吃到“豆子”以后“蛇”的身体加长一点,得分增加，“蛇”碰到边界或，蛇头与蛇身相撞，蛇死亡，游戏结束。为游戏设计初始欢迎界面，游戏界面，游戏结束界面。

2.项目设计

3.程序运行结果及分析：

分析；

可以实现贪吃蛇游戏的基本功能；

具有计分（每吃一个食物加1分）功能，开始游戏计分为零。开始游戏界面，空格控制游戏的暂停/开始游戏功能，WASD控制方向。游戏结束界面。

完整代码

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.*;class Grid {int x;int y;public Grid(int x0, int y0) {x = x0;y = y0;}
}public class Snakes extends JComponent {private final int MAX_SIZE = 400;//蛇身体最长为400节private final Grid temp = new Grid(0, 0);private final Grid temp2 = new Grid(0, 0);private Grid head = new Grid(227, 170);//头部的位置初始化为(227,170)private final Grid[] body = new Grid[MAX_SIZE];private boolean first_launch = false;private int body_length = 5;//身体长度初始化为5private boolean isRun = true;private int RandomX, RandomY;private Thread run;private String direction = "R";//默认向右走private String current_direction = "R";//当前方向private final JLabel Score = new JLabel("0");private final JLabel Time = new JLabel("");private int hour = 0;private int min = 0;private int sec = 0;private boolean pause = false;public Snakes() {//布局JLabel label = new JLabel("POINT:");add(label);label.setBounds(5, 15, 80, 20);label.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, 15));add(Score);Score.setBounds(90, 15, 80, 20);Score.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, 15));JLabel label2 = new JLabel("TIME:");add(label2);label2.setBounds(5, 45, 80, 20);label2.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, 15));add(Time);Time.setBounds(90, 45, 80, 20);Time.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, 15));for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {body[i] = new Grid(0, 0);}addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {super.keyPressed(e);if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_D) {if (isRun && !current_direction.equals("L")) {direction = "R";}}if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_A) {if (isRun && !current_direction.equals("R")) {direction = "L";}}if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_W) {if (isRun && !current_direction.equals("D")) {direction = "U";}}if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_S) {if (isRun && !current_direction.equals("U")) {direction = "D";}}if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE) {direction = "R";//默认向右走current_direction = "R";//当前方向first_launch = false;isRun = true;body_length = 5;head = new Grid(227, 100);Score.setText("0");hour = 0;min = 0;sec = 0;for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {body[i].x = 0;body[i].y = 0;}System.out.println("Start again");}if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) {if (!pause)//暂停{pause = true;isRun = false;} else//开始{pause = false;isRun = true;}}}});new Timer();setFocusable(true);}public void paintComponent(Graphics g1) {super.paintComponent(g1);Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) g1;//画头g.setColor(Color.BLACK);g.fillRoundRect(head.x, head.y, 20, 20, 5, 5);if (!first_launch) {//初始化身体int x = head.x;for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {x -= 22;//相邻两个方块的间距为2个像素，方块宽度都为20像素body[i].x = x;body[i].y = head.y;g.fillRoundRect(body[i].x, body[i].y, 20, 20, 5, 5);}//初始化食物位置ProduceRandom();} else {//每次刷新身体for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {g.fillRoundRect(body[i].x, body[i].y, 20, 20, 5, 5);}if (EatFood())//被吃了重新产生食物{ProduceRandom();}}g.fillOval(RandomX, RandomY, 19, 19);first_launch = true;//墙g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(4, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT, BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL));g.setBackground(Color.WHITE);g.drawRect(2, 77, 491, 469);//网格线for (int i = 1; i < 22; i++) {g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT, BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL));g.setColor(Color.WHITE);g.drawLine(5 + i * 22, 79, 5 + i * 22, 542);//墙宽为4，预留1个像素，以免蛇蹭墙。if (i <= 20) {g.drawLine(4, 80 + i * 22, 491, 80 + i * 22);}}}public void ProduceRandom() {boolean flag = true;Random rand = new Random();RandomX = (rand.nextInt(21) + 1) * 22 + 7;RandomY = (rand.nextInt(20) + 1) * 22 + 82;while (flag) {for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {if (body[i].x == RandomX && body[i].y == RandomY) {RandomX = (rand.nextInt(21) + 1) * 22 + 7;RandomY = (rand.nextInt(20) + 1) * 22 + 82;flag = true;break;} else {if (i == body_length - 1) {flag = false;}}}}}public void HitWall() {//判断是否撞墙if (Objects.equals(current_direction, "L")) {if (head.x < 7) {new Snake().start();isRun = false;int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "提醒", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {direction = "R";//默认向右走current_direction = "R";//当前方向first_launch = false;isRun = true;body_length = 5;head = new Grid(227, 170);Score.setText("6");hour = 0;min = 0;sec = 0;for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {body[i].x = 0;body[i].y = 0;}System.out.println("Start again");}}}if (Objects.equals(current_direction, "R")) {if (head.x > 489) {new Snake().start();isRun = false;int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "提醒", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {direction = "R";//默认向右走current_direction = "R";//当前方向first_launch = false;isRun = true;body_length = 5;head = new Grid(227, 170);Score.setText("0");hour = 0;min = 0;sec = 0;for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {body[i].x = 0;body[i].y = 0;}System.out.println("Start again");}}}if (Objects.equals(current_direction, "U")) {if (head.y < 94) {new Snake().start();isRun = false;int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "提醒", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {direction = "R";//默认向右走current_direction = "R";//当前方向first_launch = false;isRun = true;body_length = 5;head = new Grid(227, 100);Score.setText("0");hour = 0;min = 0;sec = 0;for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {body[i].x = 0;body[i].y = 0;}System.out.println("Start again");}}}if (Objects.equals(current_direction, "D")) {if (head.y > 542) {new Snake().start();isRun = false;int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "提醒", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {direction = "R";//默认向右走current_direction = "R";//当前方向first_launch = false;isRun = true;body_length = 5;head = new Grid(227, 170);Score.setText("0");hour = 0;min = 0;sec = 0;for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {body[i].x = 0;body[i].y = 0;}System.out.println("Start again");}}}}public void HitSelf() {//判断是否撞到自己身上for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {if (body[i].x == head.x && body[i].y == head.y) {new Snake().start();isRun = false;int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Game over! Try again?", "提醒", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);if (result == JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION) {direction = "R";//默认向右走current_direction = "R";//当前方向first_launch = false;isRun = true;body_length = 5;head = new Grid(227, 170);Score.setText("0");hour = 0;min = 0;sec = 0;for (int j = 0; j < MAX_SIZE; j++) {body[j].x = 0;body[j].y = 0;}System.out.println("Start again");}break;}}}public boolean EatFood() {return head.x == RandomX && head.y == RandomY;}
public int s=0;public void Thread() {long millis = 300;//每隔300毫秒刷新一次run = new Thread(() -> {while (true) {try {Thread.sleep(millis);} catch (InterruptedException ex) {ex.printStackTrace();}if (!pause) {temp.x = head.x;temp.y = head.y;//头部移动if (Objects.equals(direction, "L")) {head.x -= 22;}if (Objects.equals(direction, "R")) {head.x += 22;}if (Objects.equals(direction, "U")) {head.y -= 22;}if (Objects.equals(direction, "D")) {head.y += 22;}current_direction = direction;//刷新当前前进方向//身体移动for (int i = 0; i < body_length; i++) {temp2.x = body[i].x;temp2.y = body[i].y;body[i].x = temp.x;body[i].y = temp.y;temp.x = temp2.x;temp.y = temp2.y;}if (EatFood()) {body_length++;s++;body[body_length - 1].x = temp2.x;body[body_length - 1].y = temp2.y;Score.setText("" + (s));new Snake().start();}repaint();HitWall();HitSelf();}}});run.start();}//计时器类class Timer extends Thread {public Timer() {this.start();}@Overridepublic void run() {while (true) {if (isRun) {sec += 1;if (sec >= 60) {sec = 0;min += 1;}if (min >= 60) {min = 0;hour += 1;}showTime();}try {sleep(1000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}}}private void showTime() {String strTime;if (hour < 10)strTime = "0" + hour + ":";elsestrTime = "" + hour + ":";if (min < 10)strTime = strTime + "0" + min + ":";elsestrTime = strTime + "" + min + ":";if (sec < 10)strTime = strTime + "0" + sec;elsestrTime = strTime + "" + sec;//在窗体上设置显示时间Time.setText(strTime);}}public static void main(String[] args) {Snakes t = new Snakes();t.Thread();JFrame game = new JFrame();game.setTitle("贪吃蛇.GluttonousSnake");game.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);game.setSize(510, 590);game.setResizable(false);game.setLocationRelativeTo(null);game.add(t);game.setVisible(true);}
}class Snake extends Thread {public Snake() {}
}

4.总结
4.1 项目的难点和关键点
显示界面需要JFrame和Jpanel来实现。使用一个全局变量记录当前蛇的长度，方便绘图时画出正确的蛇。在做碰撞检测时，只需要将蛇头节点的坐标和蛇身的坐标、食物的坐标、墙的坐标进行比较即可。当蛇在移动时，需要将储存蛇的数组的每一个元素赋给后一个元素，最后计算首元素，此时最后一个元素的值被丢弃。若吃到食物，则将最后一个元素继续向后赋值，同时设置蛇的长度加一。
4.2 项目的评价：
贪吃蛇的主要功能可以很好的实现，在其基础上加入有趣的图片使得游戏更具有可玩性。
4.3 心得体会
通过该项目，练习了frame框架和GUI编程的用法。
5.参考文献
用Java开发贪食蛇小游戏@阿雪狼

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