【30天学会接口自动化测试】接口自动化测试之实际项目做接口测试（6)
2024-04-26 11:23:34
整理了一些软件测试方面的资料、面试资料（接口自动化、web自动化、app自动化、性能安全、测试开发等），有需要的小伙伴可以文末加入我的学习交流qun，无套路自行领取~
1.从实际项目出发分析测试结果处理方法
假设我们已经获取了JSON数据
# user_data.json
{"/api3/getbanneradvertver2": {"status": 0,"data": {"banner": [{"id": 2262,"type": 6,"type_id": 330,"name": "\u524d\u7aef\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u5f00\u53d1\u8bed\u8a00TypeScript \u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u5230axios\u5b9e\u6218","pic": "http:\/\/szimg.caichenwang.com\/5cf721df09fc2be500000000.jpg","links": ""}, {"id": 1648,"type": 6,"type_id": 169,"name": "Python3\u5165\u95e8\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60 \u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528","pic": "http:\/\/szimg.caichenwang.com\/5d0ed2d9085bd6ed09000300.jpg","links": ""}, {"id": 1875,"type": 6,"type_id": 316,"name": "\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u5230\u5b9e\u6218 \u624b\u628a\u624b\u5e26\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u65b0\u7248Webpack4.0","pic": "http:\/\/szimg.caichenwang.com\/5d0ed2ca086a9e6f09000300.jpg","links": ""}, {"id": 1999,"type": 6,"type_id": 342,"name": "\u7eaf\u6b63\u5546\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528 Node.js Koa2\u5f00\u53d1\u5fae\u4fe1\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u7aef","pic": "http:\/\/szimg.caichenwang.com\/5ceb5d370955f30f09000300.jpg","links": ""}, {"id": 2158,"type": 99,"type_id": 0,"name": "Spring Cloud\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u5f00\u53d1\u5b9e\u8df5","pic": "http:\/\/img2.caichenwang.com\/5d088c4009bbebc009000300.jpg","links": "https:\/\/www.caichen.com\/read\/37"}, {"id": 1709,"type": 6,"type_id": 354,"name": "Node.js\u5f00\u53d1\u4eff\u77e5\u4e4e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3RESTful API","pic": "http:\/\/szimg.caichenwang.com\/5d0ed27508f7d96909000300.jpg","links": ""}],"pic": [{"pic": "http:\/\/www.caichen.com\/static\/img\/andriod\/pic\/actual_day@3x.png","pic_night": "http:\/\/www.caichen.com\/static\/img\/andriod\/pic\/actual_night@3x.png","type": 2}, {"pic": "http:\/\/www.caichen.com\/static\/img\/andriod\/pic\/path_day@3x.png","pic_night": "http:\/\/www.caichen.com\/static\/img\/andriod\/pic\/path_night@3x.png","type": 6}, {"pic": "http:\/\/www.caichen.com\/static\/img\/andriod\/pic\/question_day@3x.png","pic_night": "http:\/\/www.caichen.com\/static\/img\/andriod\/pic\/question_night@3x.png","type": 3}, {"pic": "http:\/\/www.caichen.com\/static\/img\/andriod\/pic\/note_day@3x.png","pic_night": "http:\/\/www.caichen.com\/static\/img\/andriod\/pic\/note_night@3x.png","type": 4}, {"pic": "http:\/\/www.caichen.com\/static\/img\/andriod\/pic\/discover_day@3x.png","pic_night": "http:\/\/www.caichen.com\/static\/img\/andriod\/pic\/discover_night@3x.png","type": 5}]},"errorCode": 1001,"errorDesc": "\u6210\u529f","timestamp": 1561269343507}复制代码处理JSON结果
1.有些接口不是单一的请求接口，比如我们商品进行评价，我需要判断这个用户是否完成订单，支付等。
2.在上边的格式中我们发现格式基本是字段固定
{ "/api3/.....": {"status": 0, # 状态代表成功失败，根据项目决定"data": {"banner": [{"id": ....,"type": ....,"type_id": .....,"name": "...","pic": "....","links": "..."}.....]},"errorCode": ...,"errorDesc": "....","timestamp": .... }复制代码3.编写excel测试用例
2.通过接口获取对应得code和message
需求：通过message和errorcode获取匹配的消息，根据url获取结果# code_message.json
# 假设我访问每个端口，返回状态码与匹配信息如下，前期工作量较大
{
"api3/getbanneradvertver2":[{"1006":"token error"},{"1006":"用户名错误"},{"1006":"密码错误"}
],
"api3/beta4":[{"1006":"登陆成功"},{"1006":"用户名错误"},{"1006":"密码错误"}
],
"api3/getcourseintro":[{"1006":"token error"},{"10001":"用户名错误"},{"10002":"密码错误"}
]
}复制代码3.封装获取message的值
#handle_result.py
import sys
import os
import configparser
base_path = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(base_path)
import json
from deepdiff import DeepDiff
from Util.handle_json import get_value
#print(get_value('api3/getbanneradvertver2',"/Config/code_message.json"))
'''[{"1006,":"token error"},{"10001":"用户名错误"},{"10002":"密码错误"}]'''def handle_result(url,code):data = get_value(url,"/Config/code_message.json")if data !=None:for i in data:message = i.get(str(code))if message:return messagereturn Nonedef get_result_json(url,status):data = get_value(url,"/Config/result.json")if data !=None:for i in data:message = i.get(status)if message:return messagereturn Nonedef handle_result_json(dict1,dict2):'''校验格式'''if isinstance(dict1,dict) and isinstance(dict2,dict):#dict1={"aaa":"AAA","bbb":"BBBB","CC":[{"11":"22"},{"11":"44"}]}#dict2={"aaa":"123","bbb":"456","CC":[{"11":"111"},{"11":"44"}]}cmp_dict = DeepDiff(dict1,dict2,ignore_order=True).to_dict()if cmp_dict.get("dictionary_item_added"):return Falseelse:return Truereturn Falseif __name__ == "__main__":dict2 = {"aaa":"ddd","aaa1":"A1A","bbb":"BBBB","CC":[{"11":"22"},{"11":"44"}]}dict1={"aaa":"AAA","bbb":"BBBB","aaa3":"A1A","CC":[{"11":"22"},{"11":"44"}]}#print(handle_result('api3/getbanneradvertver2',"10002"))#print(handle_result_json(dict1,dict2))print(get_result_json("api3/newcourseskill","error"))复制代码4.操作cookie
- 操作cookie文件设计
#cookie.json
{"app": {"aosid":"LKJALKSJDKAHH1K2JH3J12V3HJ123HASBVABNSD"},"web": {"cookie":"123123123123123123123"}
}复制代码#handle_json.py
import sys
import os
import configparser
base_path = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(base_path)
import json
from jsonpath_rw import jsonpath,parsedef read_json(file_name=None):if file_name == None:file_path = base_path+"/Config/user_data.json"else:file_path = base_path+file_namewith open(file_path,encoding='UTF-8') as f:data = json.load(f)return datadef get_value(key,file_name=None):data = read_json(file_name)return data.get(key)#return data[key]def write_value(data,file_name=None):'''{url:{}}'''data_value = json.dumps(data)if file_name == None:path = base_path+"/Config/cookie.json"else:path = base_path+file_namewith open(path,"w") as f:f.write(data_value)if __name__ == "__main__":data = {"app":{"aaaa":"bbbbbb"} }复制代码- 更新cookie文件
#coding=utf-8
import sys
import os
import configparser
base_path = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(base_path)
import json
from Util.handle_json import get_value,read_json,write_valuedef get_cookie_value(cookie_key):'''获取cookie'''data = read_json("/Config/cookie.json")return data[cookie_key]def write_cookie(data,cookie_key):'''写入cookie'''data1 = read_json("/Config/cookie.json")data1[cookie_key] = datawrite_value(data1)if __name__ == "__main__":data = {"aaaa":"1111111111111111"}print(write_cookie(data,'web'))复制代码5.检查case是否通过
# handle_excel
#coding=utf8
import openpyxl
from openpyxl import workbook
import sys
from collections.abc import Iterable
import os
base_path = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(base_path)class HandExcel:def load_excel(self):'''加载excel'''open_excel = openpyxl.load_workbook(base_path+"/Case/imooc.xlsx")return open_exceldef get_sheet_data(self,index=None):'''加载所有sheet的内容'''sheet_name = self.load_excel().sheetnamesif index == None:index = 0data = self.load_excel()[sheet_name[index]]return datadef get_cell_value(self,row,cols):'''获取某一个单元格内容'''data = self.get_sheet_data().cell(row=row,column=cols).valuereturn datadef get_rows(self):'''获取行数'''row = self.get_sheet_data().max_rowreturn rowdef get_rows_value(self,row):'''获取某一行的内容'''row_list = []for i in self.get_sheet_data()[row]:row_list.append(i.value)return row_listdef excel_write_data(self,row,cols,value):'''写入数据'''wb = self.load_excel()wr = wb.activewr.cell(row,cols,value)wb.save(base_path+"/Case/imooc.xlsx")def get_columns_value(self,key=None):'''获取某一列得数据'''columns_list = []if key==None:key = 'A'columns_list_data = self.get_sheet_data()[key]for i in columns_list_data:columns_list.append(i.value)return columns_listdef get_rows_number(self,case_id):'''获取行号'''num = 1cols_data = self.get_columns_value()for col_data in cols_data:if case_id == col_data:return numnum = num+1return numdef get_excel_data(self):'''获取excel里面所有的数据'''data_list = []for i in range(self.get_rows()):data_list.append(self.get_rows_value(i+2))return data_listexcel_data = HandExcel()if __name__ == "__main__":handle = HandExcel()##print(handle.get_rows_number('imooc_001'))print(handle.get_excel_data())复制代码#run_main.py
#coding=utf-8
import sys
import os
base_path = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(base_path)
from collections.abc import Iterable
from Util.handle_excel import excel_data
import json
from Util.handle_header import get_header
from Util.handle_result import handle_result,handle_result_json,get_result_json
from Util.handle_cookie import write_cookie,get_cookie_value
from Util.codition_data import get_data
from Base.base_request import request
#['imooc_001', '登陆', 'yes', None, 'login', 'post', '{"username":"111111"}', 'yes', 'message', None]
class RunMain:def run_case(self):rows = excel_data.get_rows()for i in range(rows):cookie=Noneget_cookie = Noneheader = Nonedepend_data = Nonedata = excel_data.get_rows_value(i+2)is_run = data[2]if is_run == 'yes':is_depend = data[3]data1 = json.loads(data[7])if is_depend:'''获取依赖数据'''depend_key = data[4]depend_data = get_data(is_depend)#print(depend_data)data1[depend_key] = depend_datamethod = data[6]url = data[5]is_header = data[9]excepect_method = data[10]excepect_result = data[11]cookie_method = data[8]if cookie_method == 'yes':cookie = get_cookie_value('app')if cookie_method == 'write':'''必须是获取到cookie'''get_cookie={"is_cookie":"app"}if is_header == 'yes':header = get_header()res = request.run_main(method,url,data1,cookie,get_cookie,header)#print(res)code = str(res['errorCode'])message = res['errorDesc']if excepect_method == 'mec': config_message = handle_result(url,code)if message == config_message:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,13,"通过")else:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,13,"失败")excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,14,json.dumps(res))if excepect_method == 'errorcode':if excepect_result == code:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,14,"通过")else:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,13,"失败")excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,14,json.dumps(res))if excepect_method == 'json':if code == 1000:status_str='sucess'else:status_str='error'excepect_result = get_result_json(url,status_str)result = handle_result_json(res,excepect_result)if result:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,13,"通过")else:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,13,"失败")excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,14,json.dumps(res)) if __name__ == "__main__":run = RunMain()run.run_case()复制代码6.发起请求更新cookie代码
#base_request.py
import sys
import os
import configparser
base_path = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(base_path)
import requests
import json
from Util.handle_cookie import write_cookie
from Util.handle_json import get_value
from Util.handle_init import handle_iniclass BaseRequest:def send_post(self,url,data,cookie=None,get_cookie=None,header=None):'''发送post请求'''response = requests.post(url=url,data=data,cookies=cookie,headers=header)if get_cookie !=None:'''{"is_cookie":"app"}'''cookie_value_jar = response.cookiescookie_value = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(cookie_value_jar)write_cookie(cookie_value,get_cookie['is_cookie'])res = response.textreturn resdef send_get(self,url,data,cookie=None,get_cookie=None,header=None):'''发视get请求'''response = requests.get(url=url,params=data,cookies=cookie,headers=header)if get_cookie !=None:cookie_value_jar = response.cookiecookie_value = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(cookie_value_jar)write_cookie(cookie_value,get_cookie['is_cookie'])res = response.textreturn resdef run_main(self,method,url,data,cookie=None,get_cookie=None,header=None):'''执行方法，传递method、url、data参数'''#return get_value(url)base_url = handle_ini.get_value('host')if 'http' not in url:url = base_url+urlif method == 'get':res = self.send_get(url,data,cookie,get_cookie,header)else:res = self.send_post(url,data,cookie,get_cookie,header)try:res = json.loads(res)except:print("这个结果是一个text")print("--->",res)return resrequest = BaseRequest()
if __name__ == "__main__":request = BaseRequest() request.run_main('get','http://www.baidu.com/login',"{'username':'11111'}")复制代码7.项目依赖数据
项目中通过Fiddler请求数据，查看哪些接口需要依赖数据，在excel中写明
#coding=utf-8
import sys
import os
base_path = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(base_path)
from Util.handle_excel import excel_data
from jsonpath_rw import parse
import jsondef split_data(data):'''拆分单元格数据'''#imooc_005>data:banner:idcase_id = data.split(">")[0]rule_data = data.split(">")[1]return case_id,rule_datadef depend_data(data):'''获取依赖结果集'''case_id = split_data(data)[0]row_number = excel_data.get_rows_number(case_id)data = excel_data.get_cell_value(row_number,14)return datadef get_depend_data(res_data,key):'''获取依赖字段'''res_data = json.loads(res_data)json_exe = parse(key)madle = json_exe.find(res_data)return [math.value for math in madle][0]def get_data(data):'''获取依赖数据'''res_data = depend_data(data)rule_data = split_data(data)[1]return get_depend_data(res_data,rule_data)if __name__ == "__main__":#print(depend_data("imooc_007>data:banner:id"))data = {"a":"a1","b":"b1","c":[{"d":"d1"},{"d":"d2"}]}key = 'c.[1].d'print(get_depend_data(data,key))
复制代码8.最终数据验证
9.数据驱动和生成报告
#案例
#coding=utf-8
import sys
import os
base_path = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(base_path)
import ddt
import unittest
from Util.handle_excel import excel_data
data = excel_data.get_excel_data()
#data = [[1,2,3,4,5],[2,3,4,5,6],[3,4,5,6,7],[4,5,6,7,8]]@ddt.ddt
class TestCase01(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):print("case开始执行")def tearDown(self):print("case执行结束")@ddt.data(*data)def test_01(self,data1):#case编号 作用 是否执行 前置条件 依赖key url method data cookie操作 header操作 预期结果方式 预期结果 result 数据function,is_run,condition,depend_key,url,method,request_data,cookie,header,execpet_method,execpet,result,result_data =data#casename,casenum,isrun,method,cookie = data1print("this is test case",function,is_run,condition,depend_key,url,method,request_data,cookie,header,execpet_method,execpet,result,result_data)if __name__ == "__main__":unittest.main()复制代码#run_case_ddt.py
#coding=utf-8
import sys
import os
base_path = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(base_path)
from collections.abc import Iterable
from Util.handle_excel import excel_data
import json
import unittest
#from ddt import ddt,data,file_data,unpack
import ddt
import HTMLTestRunner
from Util.handle_header import get_header
from Util.handle_result import handle_result,handle_result_json,get_result_json
from Util.handle_cookie import write_cookie,get_cookie_value
from Base.base_request import request
#['imooc_001', '登陆', 'yes', None, 'login', 'post', '{"username":"111111"}', 'yes', 'message', None]data = excel_data.get_excel_data()
@ddt.ddt
class TestRunMain(unittest.TestCase):@ddt.data(*data)def testrun_case(self,data):#rows = excel_data.get_rows()#for i in range(rows):cookie=Noneget_cookie = Noneheader = None#data = excel_data.get_rows_value(i+2)is_run = data[2]if is_run == 'yes':method = data[5]url = data[4]data1 = data[6]is_header = data[8]excepect_method = data[9]excepect_result = data[10]codition = data[3]if codition:passcookie_method = data[7]if cookie_method == 'yes':cookie = get_cookie_value('app')if cookie_method == 'write':'''必须是获取到cookie'''get_cookie={"is_cookie":"app"}if is_header == 'yes':header = get_header()res = request.run_main(method,url,data1,cookie,get_cookie,header)#print(res)code = str(res['errorCode'])message = res['errorDesc']if excepect_method == 'mec': config_message = handle_result(url,code)self.assertEqual(message,config_message)'''if message == config_message:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,12,"通过")else:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,12,"失败")excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,13,json.dumps(res))'''if excepect_method == 'errorcode':self.assertEqual(excepect_result,code)'''if excepect_result == code:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,12,"通过")else:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,12,"失败")excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,13,json.dumps(res))'''if excepect_method == 'json':if code == 1000:status_str='sucess'else:status_str='error'excepect_result = get_result_json(url,status_str)result = handle_result_json(res,excepect_result)self.assertTrue(result)'''if result:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,12,"通过")else:excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,12,"失败")excel_data.excel_write_data(i+2,13,json.dumps(res)) ''' def add_case():case_path = os.path.join(base_path, "Run")discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(case_path,pattern='test_run_*.py')return discoverif __name__ == "__main__":file_path = base_path+'/Report/report.html'with open(file_path,'wb') as f:runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=f,title="this is test",description="Mushishi test")runner.run(add_case())f.close()复制代码好了各位，以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，能看到这里人啊，都是人才。
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