ubuntu18.04上安装anaconda-python深度学习环境

Anaconda是一套Python的发行版，发行版集成了必要的库，使用户可以一次性完成安装.Anaconda是一个侧重于数据分析的发行版，一些有助于数据分析的库，比如Numpy,Matplotlib,SciPy等都包括于其中，下面介绍如何在ubuntu18.04上安装anaconda.

安装过程可能并不复杂，但是细节很多，下面开始技术流水帐:

1.下载安装包

访问anaconda官网的下载通道

https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual#Downloads

最新版是给小白鼠用的，我不想做小白鼠，所以选择往期版本：

https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/

我们选择支持python3.5的anaconda.

Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh  406.3M  2016-07-08 11:20:02     d0dc08d241f83ffc763504db50008e5b

下载后：

增加可执行权限：

sudo chmod a+x Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh

2.安装：

执行sudo ./Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh

czl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~/anaconda$ sudo ./Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh Welcome to Anaconda3 4.1.1 (by Continuum Analytics, Inc.)In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue
>>>
================
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>>>
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':
>>>
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':
>>> yesAnaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/czl/anaconda3- Press ENTER to confirm the location- Press CTRL-C to abort the installation- Or specify a different location below[/home/czl/anaconda3] >>>
PREFIX=/home/czl/anaconda3
installing: python-3.5.2-0 ...
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Python 3.5.2 :: Continuum Analytics, Inc.
creating default environment...
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to prepend the Anaconda3 install location
to PATH in your /home/czl/.bashrc ? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yesPrepending PATH=/home/czl/anaconda3/bin to PATH in /home/czl/.bashrc
A backup will be made to: /home/czl/.bashrc-anaconda3.bakFor this change to become active, you have to open a new terminal.Thank you for installing Anaconda3!Share your notebooks and packages on Anaconda Cloud!
Sign up for free: https://anaconda.orgczl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~/anaconda$

根据安装LOG，可以看到，Numpy,Matplotlib,SciPy三个包都自动安装上了。

3.验证

安装结束后，重启系统，打开控制台，输入Python.可以看到系统的默认Python变成了anaconda，而不再是默认系统路径下的Python. 这可以解释为，既然anaconda是Python的一个发行版，类似于Ubuntu是Linux的一个发行版，所以必然存在其它的Python发行版，比如UBUNTU下通过APT 安装的 /usr/bin/python也算是一个发行版，所以，当系统Python从来源的实现变成anaconda之后，之前安装的包可能失效，需要在anaconda下重新安装或者配置。

然后，我们打开anaconda-navigator这个应用

Anaconda 其实是有图形界面的，叫 Anaconda Navigator,打开后的界面如下,可以看到启动launcher中包含三个主要应用，一个是jupyter,qtconsole以及spyder。 spyder是一个编辑器，从安装到使用都做了相关的集成。qtconsole是一个基于QT开发的python图形界面控制台。jupyter notebook，在深度学习中，有好多代码都被做成扩展名为ipynb的文件，这是一个关于jupyter的notebook文件，既可以做说明文档，也可以包含可运行的python代码，jupyter notebook是BS结构，启动时，会先启动一个Web服务器，然后再启动一个浏览器，通过浏览器来访问本机服务，在这里面可以上传，下载，并编写自己的ipynb代码。

打开jupyter，它是一个基于WEB的网页编辑器，同时还具备本地资源管理器的作用。

jupyter notebook非常有用，打开后，可以选择new->python3创建一个python文件，编辑程序,创建cell，并且执行cell中的程序。

运行快捷键Alt+Enter.

jupyterlab中包含一个控制台，功能上相当于一个shell console.

qtconsole则是一个基于QT的Python命令行控制台程序：

spyder就厉害了，它集程序编辑，调试，运行，仿真于一身，是开发人员接触最频繁的一个工具。

下面我们就在spyder中运行一段程序，利用系统预先安装的数学库和绘图包，绘制一幅傅立叶变换的图像

运行上图这段程序，我们有额外安装任何的Python包，这和UBUNTU原生的python环境手搓很多包，解决依赖的方式是很不同的，anaconda更加方便。

如何卸载?

安装好anaconda后，如果像升级版本，那原来的版本怎么卸载呢？

直接删即可 :

rm -fr ~/anaconda3

然后将.bashrc中安装时自动添加的anaconda环境设置删除

下面是卸载后重新安装Anaconda3-5.0.1-Linux-x86_64.sh

4.安装Tensorflow GPU版

安装命令：

pip install tensorflow-gpu

czl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~$ pip install tensorflow-gpu
Collecting tensorflow-gpuRetrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /packages/8b/dc/922125284fb70d5ac17a3c3be87d8f1d95908bb5067977e7813bf7b7f712/tensorflow_gpu-1.14.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whlDownloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8b/dc/922125284fb70d5ac17a3c3be87d8f1d95908bb5067977e7813bf7b7f712/tensorflow_gpu-1.14.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (377.0MB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 377.0MB 4.7kB/s
Collecting google-pasta>=0.1.6 (from tensorflow-gpu)Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /simple/google-pasta/Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a3/de/c648ef6835192e6e2cc03f40b19eeda4382c49b5bafb43d88b931c4c74ac/google_pasta-0.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (57kB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 140kB/s
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six>=1.10.0 in ./anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from tensorflow-gpu)
Collecting protobuf>=3.6.1 (from tensorflow-gpu)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/f1/728216338c64b3a06e6ad27d39ace5ea31c83dedc303a533700d8bf2aa8f/protobuf-3.17.3-cp35-cp35m-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.0MB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.0MB 730kB/s
Collecting grpcio>=1.8.6 (from tensorflow-gpu)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/07/ea/398472e896f529d23fb58e33f01298dfc554a341d58f87c1ea5ad817208e/grpcio-1.39.0.tar.gz (21.3MB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 21.3MB 83kB/s
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): wheel>=0.26 in ./anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from tensorflow-gpu)
Collecting termcolor>=1.1.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/48/a76be51647d0eb9f10e2a4511bf3ffb8cc1e6b14e9e4fab46173aa79f981/termcolor-1.1.0.tar.gz
Collecting tensorflow-estimator<1.15.0rc0,>=1.14.0rc0 (from tensorflow-gpu)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3c/d5/21860a5b11caf0678fbc8319341b0ae21a07156911132e0e71bffed0510d/tensorflow_estimator-1.14.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (488kB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 491kB 72kB/s
Collecting keras-preprocessing>=1.0.5 (from tensorflow-gpu)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/79/4c/7c3275a01e12ef9368a892926ab932b33bb13d55794881e3573482b378a7/Keras_Preprocessing-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (42kB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 7.5MB/s
Collecting wrapt>=1.11.1 (from tensorflow-gpu)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/82/f7/e43cefbe88c5fd371f4cf0cf5eb3feccd07515af9fd6cf7dbf1d1793a797/wrapt-1.12.1.tar.gz
Collecting gast>=0.2.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ad/b0/a6c8bc1e77409b63755bb0788ac4d497d31b72082de5945c0122259c533e/gast-0.5.2-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting tensorboard<1.15.0,>=1.14.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/91/2d/2ed263449a078cd9c8a9ba50ebd50123adf1f8cfbea1492f9084169b89d9/tensorboard-1.14.0-py3-none-any.whl (3.1MB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.2MB 345kB/s
Collecting absl-py>=0.7.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/23/47/835652c7e19530973c73c65e652fc53bd05725d5a7cf9bb8706777869c1e/absl_py-0.13.0-py3-none-any.whl (132kB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 3.9MB/s
Collecting numpy<2.0,>=1.14.5 (from tensorflow-gpu)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3a/be/650f9c091ef71cb01d735775d554e068752d3ff63d7943b26316dc401749/numpy-1.21.2.zip (10.3MB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 10.3MB 163kB/s Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:Traceback (most recent call last):File "<string>", line 1, in <module>File "/tmp/pip-build-1swfqubc/numpy/setup.py", line 34, in <module>raise RuntimeError("Python version >= 3.7 required.")RuntimeError: Python version >= 3.7 required.----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-1swfqubc/numpy/
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 21.2.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
czl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~$

失败！TF和CUDA以及anaconda的关系比较复杂，后面有空再研究.

结束！