从头开始用树莓派做一个NAS【最新超详细教程】

一、概述

众所周知在办公的时候两台电脑之间经常倒数据资料非常麻烦，而NAS可以很好的解决这个问题。树莓派搭建NAS方法有很多，我们之前也拍过直接用Samba、FTP这些来实现NAS功能，但是这些需要你会在命令行进行配置，而且对于新手用起来并不直观方便对于一个NAS系统来说功能也不全，故我们这次用开源的OMV来搭建NAS系统！

目前网上普遍的OMV搭建NAS的教程都比较老了，照着做会出现各种问题，而我们本期教程是在最新树莓派官方系统上做的，大家照着做完全不会有问题，本期的精简视频教程在B站-杨坤树莓派爱好者基地中可以看到，VLOG全程记录视频可以在B站-玩派VLOG看到，欢迎大家三连～

视频教程地址：
哔哩哔哩bilibili：树莓派爱好者基地视频VLOG记录：
哔哩哔哩bilibili：玩派VLOG

二、教程内容

1、树莓派安装系统

这里我们用到的是最新的树莓派官方精简版系统（不能使用带桌面的版本！）

记得点这个设置，在里面需要开启SSH、设置pi账户的密码、配置WIFI的账号和密码

2、固定静态IP

打开路由器后台查看树莓派IP地址

在ssh软件中输入下面命令，配置DHCP文件

sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

文件中这个位置按照你自己的情况进行修改

然后重启树莓派

 sudo reboot

3、换源

 sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

把原来的注视掉，把下面的复制进去

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ bullseye main non-free contrib rpi
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ bullseye main non-free contrib rpi

继续

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list

把原来的注视掉，把下面的复制进去

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ bullseye main ui

然后记得更新一下

sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get upgrade

4、安装OMV

wget  https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/installScript@master/installchmod +x installsudo ./install -n

5、配置OMV

浏览器输入树莓派IP地址就可以进入NAS系统了。

用户名默认为admin，密码为openmediavault

首先在系统设置-工作台里面设置一下登出时间，之前的太短了

把硬盘插在树莓派上，然后快速擦除磁盘

创建文件系统

挂载

创建共享文件夹

配置SMB服务

配置一下一般登陆的用户pi

6、开始使用

WINDOWS上直接添加一个映射

然后就能用了

MAC上打开点前往，然后连接服务器就好了

7、给NAS安个小显示屏

启动树莓派的I2C功能

sudo apt-get install -y python3-smbus
sudo apt-get install -y i2c-tools
sudo raspi-config

按照下面的步骤设置开启i2c功能

重启树莓派

sudo reboot

安装Adafruit-SSD1306库
Adafruit-SSD1306库是基于Python的OLED库，可以用于１２８＊６４，１２８＊３２像素SSD1306芯片控制的屏幕

sudo apt-get remove  python3-pip
sudo apt-get install  python3-pip
sudo python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

安装PIL库,有一些图片处理的程序会用到这个。

sudo apt-get install python3-pil

使用pip安装Adafruit-SSD1306库

sudo pip install Adafruit-SSD1306

再下载一份包含代码示例的库后面用

cd  ~
sudo apt install git
git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_SSD1306.git

cd ~/Adafruit_Python_SSD1306/examples/

对于屏幕的接线，一定不要接错，树莓派引脚(所有树莓派４０针引脚都是这样排列，不需要因为不同版本而改动)如下图所示：

根据屏幕 PCB 上引脚的功能标注接到树莓派上对应的 GPIO 上即可。

屏幕 GND 接树莓派 GND
屏幕 VCC 接树莓派 3V3
屏幕 SDA 接树莓派 SDA
屏幕 SCL 接树莓派 SCL

注意一定不要接反 VCC 和 GND，否则会烧坏屏幕!!!
接上之后通过命令检测是否识别到i2c设备

sudo i2cdetect -y 1

修改一下程序

cd ~
sudo cp ~/Adafruit_Python_SSD1306/examples/stats.py ~/
sudo nano stats.py

把文件里面的内容全替换成下面的内容

import timeimport Adafruit_GPIO.SPI as SPI
import Adafruit_SSD1306from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageDraw
from PIL import ImageFontimport subprocess# Raspberry Pi pin configuration:
RST = None     # on the PiOLED this pin isnt used
# Note the following are only used with SPI:
DC = 23
SPI_PORT = 0
SPI_DEVICE = 0# Beaglebone Black pin configuration:
# RST = 'P9_12'
# Note the following are only used with SPI:
# DC = 'P9_15'
# SPI_PORT = 1
# SPI_DEVICE = 0# 128x32 display with hardware I2C:
#disp = Adafruit_SSD1306.SSD1306_128_32(rst=RST)# 128x64 display with hardware I2C:
disp = Adafruit_SSD1306.SSD1306_128_64(rst=RST)# Note you can change the I2C address by passing an i2c_address parameter like:
disp = Adafruit_SSD1306.SSD1306_128_64(rst=RST, i2c_address=0x3C)# Alternatively you can specify an explicit I2C bus number, for example
# with the 128x32 display you would use:
# disp = Adafruit_SSD1306.SSD1306_128_32(rst=RST, i2c_bus=2)# 128x32 display with hardware SPI:
# disp = Adafruit_SSD1306.SSD1306_128_32(rst=RST, dc=DC, spi=SPI.SpiDev(SPI_PORT, SPI_DEVICE, max_speed_hz=8000000))
# 128x64 display with hardware SPI:
# disp = Adafruit_SSD1306.SSD1306_128_64(rst=RST, dc=DC, spi=SPI.SpiDev(SPI_PORT, SPI_DEVICE, max_speed_hz=8000000))# Alternatively you can specify a software SPI implementation by providing
# digital GPIO pin numbers for all the required display pins.  For example
# on a Raspberry Pi with the 128x32 display you might use:
# disp = Adafruit_SSD1306.SSD1306_128_32(rst=RST, dc=DC, sclk=18, din=25, cs=22)# Initialize library.
disp.begin()# Clear display.
disp.clear()
disp.display()# Create blank image for drawing.
# Make sure to create image with mode '1' for 1-bit color.
width = disp.width
height = disp.height
image = Image.new('1', (width, height))# Get drawing object to draw on image.
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)# Draw a black filled box to clear the image.
draw.rectangle((0,0,width,height), outline=0, fill=0)
# Draw some shapes.
# First define some constants to allow easy resizing of shapes.
padding = -2
top = padding
bottom = height-padding
# Move left to right keeping track of the current x position for drawing shapes.
x = 0# Load default font.
font = ImageFont.load_default()# Alternatively load a TTF font.  Make sure the .ttf font file is in the same directory as the python script!
# Some other nice fonts to try: http://www.dafont.com/bitmap.php
# font = ImageFont.truetype('Minecraftia.ttf', 8)
def get_cpu_temp():tempfile=open("/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp")cpu_temp=tempfile.read()tempfile.close()return float(cpu_temp)/1000
while True:# Draw a black filled box to clear the image.draw.rectangle((0,0,width,height), outline=0, fill=0)# Shell scripts for system monitoring from here : https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/119126/command-to-display-memory-usage-disk-usage-and-cpu-loadcmd = "hostname -I | cut -d' ' -f1"IP = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell = True ).decode("utf-8")cmd = "top -bn1 | grep load | awk '{printf \"CPU Load: %.2f\", $(NF-2)}'"CPU = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell = True ).decode("utf-8")cmd = "free -m | awk 'NR==2{printf \"Mem: %s/%sMB %.2f%% \", $3,$2,$3*100/$2 }'"MemUsage = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell = True ).decode("utf-8")cmd = "df -h | awk '$NF==\"/\"{printf \"Disk: %d/%dGB %s\", $3,$2,$5}'"Disk = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell = True ).decode("utf-8")# Write two lines of text.draw.text((x, top),       "IP: " + str(IP),  font=font, fill=255)draw.text((x, top+8),     str(CPU), font=font, fill=255)draw.text((x, top+16),    str(MemUsage),  font=font, fill=255)draw.text((x, top+25),    str(Disk),  font=font, fill=255)draw.text((x, top+35),    "Temp: "+str(get_cpu_temp()), font=font, fill=255)# Display image.disp.image(image)disp.display()time.sleep(.1)

为了让stats.py能够开机自动运行,我们可以做下面的配置，这样我们就可以不用通过工具或路由器去查找树莓派的IP地址等信息！！！
修改/etc/rc.local文件

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

在exit 0前面增加一行：

sudo python /home/pi/stats.py &

三、看看效果

sudo python stats.py