大学英语A4 | 上海师范大学慕课《英汉互译》笔记

第一单元

verb->noun or adjective

我一看见他就紧张。
Every sight of him makes me nervous.
油漆未干
Wet Paint

形和意

人要脸，树要皮
The face is as important to a man as the bark to a tree.

impersonal ->personal

An idea suddenly stuck to me.
我突然想到一个好主意
A great elation overcame him.
他欣喜若狂
A wave of cigar smoke accompanied him in.
他进门时带着一缕雪茄烟。

翠翠在风日里长养着，故把皮肤变得黑黑的，触目为青山绿水，故眸子清明如水晶。（《边城》)
Wind and sun have tanned the girl’s skin;her eyes resting in the green hills are as clear as crystal.(Border Town)

翻译

跑得了和尚跑不了庙。

The monk may run away, but the temple cannot run away with him.

（形合与意合的差异。中文看似并列，实际 隐含了转折关系）
人穷志短。
When a man is poor , his ambition is not far-reaching.

（形合与意合的差异。中文看似并列，隐含条件成分。英文可以通过状语从句体现。）
这个问题必须马上解决。
This problem has to be solved immediately.

（主动与被动的差异）
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

（形合与意合的差异。同第二句。）
在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。
The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan.

（静态与动态的差异，中文倾向用动词，英文倾向用名词。）
You are wanted on the phone.
有人给你打电话。

（主动与被动的差异）
It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.
大家都认为这样做是不妥当的。

（主动与被动的差异）
You must come back before nine. Period!
你必须九点前回来，没得商量！

（静态与动态的差异。英文中的名词有时表示动作或行为）
Her name escaped me.
我记不起她的名字了。

（物称与人称的差异。英文经常使用名词作主语，中文习惯转成人称。）
“Coming！” Away she skimmed over the lawn，up the path，up the steps，across the verandah，and into the porch.
“来啦！” 她转身蹦跳着跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。

（静态与动态的差异。英文中用副词，中文需要用动词表达完整）

第二单元

一词多义

Never trouble till trouble troubles you.
上

 -  to hang oneself 上吊- to __rise to the bait 上钩__- to be addicted to 上瘾- to take up an offical post 上任- to be taken in 上当

The Chinese character “头” and the English word “head” are far from equivalent

You should use your head a bit.
The dinner costs us five dollors a head.每人五美元
Let’s discuss the question under five heads.分五个题目来讨论
Heads or tails? 正面还是背面
她在梳头 She was coming her hair.
一辆小车停在桥西头 A car was parked at the west end of the bridge.
让我从头讲起吧 Let me to tell the story from the very beginning.
他们是一头的 They are on the same side .
我们不能只顾一头 We mustn’t pay attention to only one aspect of the matter.

So,only by correct understanding,can a translator produce proper translations.

synonym(同义词)choose appropriate expressions,which involves the proper chioces of style,register,image and emotion.

直译和意译

Literal translation is also called direct translation or close transtion.Using this method,the image,figure of speech(修辞),word order,grammatical structure,etc. of the source language are maintained in the target language.

to show one’s cards 摊牌
to be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿
to shed crocodile tears 掉鳄鱼眼泪
an eyes for an eye,a tooth for a tooth 以眼还眼，以牙还牙
Bear in mind that literal translation is not rigid translation or word-for-word translation.
stand on one’s head. 倒立

Liberal translation is also called free translation.It gives up or changes the original image or vehicle(比喻词),or breaks through the word order,or the structure of the language in the riginal text and reorganizes the language so that the essence(本质，精华) or deep meaning of the source language is expressed in the target language.

Give a dog a bad name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患无辞

雪中送炭 to offer timely help

第三单元

增译

sematic completion 语义增译

The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王
The old man said , “They say his father was a fisherman.Maybe he was a poor man as we are now”. 老人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的，他过去也许和我们现在一样穷。
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。

syntactic construction 句法增译

If she were here.(it would be great)
( If there had been ) A timely treatment would have saved the child.

删译

Omission in content

She pulled herself to the full limit of her body. 他竭力将身体拉长
在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的错误。 We must avoid making (unncessary) mistake in our work.

in form

conversion

noun / adj / adv -> verb

sementic completion is out of the need of making the meaning complete

出于…的需要

change order

sth. dawned upon sb. == sb. realize sth.

比喻，拟人要直译

He doesn’t have a single defect in his whole body. Why,he doesn’t have a belly-button!

It was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity.

双关语

conform 符合

不全，因为偷懒！！！