了解硬件的方法：Hardinfo (设备管理图形界面工具 )or lshw（设备浏览文本界面工具）

安装hardinfo  $ sudo apt-get install hardinfo

or

运行lshw后，下面是我的电脑硬件设备信息：

hui-compaq-cq45-notebook-pc

description: Notebook

product: Compaq CQ45 Notebook PC (D7P18PA#AB2)

vendor: Hewlett-Packard

version: 088D150000005910000600000

serial: 5CG3274Q0H

width: 64 bits

capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32

configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=normal chassis=notebook family=103C_5335KV G=N L=CON B=CO S=PRE X=MIN frontpanel_password=disabled keyboard_password=disabled power-on_password=disabled sku=D7P18PA#AB2 uuid=2900E584-D088-4FE1-70F9-59FA1E1A2A36

*-core

description: Motherboard

product: 1854

vendor: Hewlett-Packard

physical id: 0

version: 64.28

serial: PCWQU00WD4S3OS

slot: Type2 - Board Chassis Location

*-firmware

description: BIOS

vendor: Insyde

physical id: 0

version: F.35

date: 05/13/2013

size: 128KiB

capacity: 3008KiB

capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int9keyboard int10video acpi usb biosbootspecification

*-cpu

description: CPU

product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3230M CPU @ 2.60GHz

vendor: Intel Corp.

physical id: 4

bus info: cpu@0

version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3230M CPU @ 2.60GHz

serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.

slot: U3E1

size: 1200MHz

capacity: 1200MHz

width: 64 bits

clock: 100MHz

capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase smep erms cpufreq

configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=4

*-cache:0

description: L1 cache

physical id: 9

slot: L1 Cache

size: 32KiB

capacity: 32KiB

capabilities: internal write-through instruction

*-cache:1

description: L2 cache

physical id: a

slot: L2 Cache

size: 256KiB

capacity: 256KiB

capabilities: internal write-through unified

*-cache:2

description: L3 cache

physical id: b

slot: L3 Cache

size: 3MiB

capacity: 3MiB

capabilities: internal write-back unified

*-cache

description: L1 cache

physical id: 8

slot: L1 Cache

size: 32KiB

capacity: 32KiB

capabilities: internal write-through data

*-memory

description: System Memory

physical id: 28

slot: System board or motherboard

size: 4GiB

*-bank:0

description: DIMMProject-Id-Version: lshwReport-Msgid-Bugs-To: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>POT-Creation-Date: 2009-10-08 14:02+0200PO-Revision-Date: 2012-09-23 09:57+0000Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>Language-Team: Chinese (Simplified) <zh_CN@li.org>MIME-Version: 1.0Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bitX-Launchpad-Export-Date: 2014-01-06 21:08+0000X-Generator: Launchpad (build 16877) [empty]

product: Empty

vendor: Empty

physical id: 0

serial: Empty

slot: Bottom-Slot 1(top)

*-bank:1

description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)

product: 16KTF51264HZ-1G6M1

vendor: Micron Technology

physical id: 1

serial: 401594E6

slot: Bottom-Slot 2(under)

size: 4GiB

width: 64 bits

clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)

*-pci

description: Host bridge

product: Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 100

bus info: pci@0000 :00:00.0

version: 09

width: 32 bits

clock: 33MHz

configuration: driver=agpgart-intel

resources: irq:0

*-display

description: VGA compatible controller

product: Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 2

bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0

version: 09

width: 64 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom

configuration: driver=i915 latency=0

resources: irq:43 memory:c2000000-c23fffff memory:b0000000-bfffffff ioport:4000(size=64)

*-communication

description: Communication controller

product: Panther Point MEI Controller #1

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 16

bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0

version: 04

width: 64 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list

configuration: driver=mei latency=0

resources: irq:42 memory:c2604000-c260400f

*-usb:0

description: USB controller

product: Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 1a

bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0

version: 04

width: 32 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list

configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0

resources: irq:16 memory:c2609000-c26093ff

*-multimedia

description: Audio device

product: Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 1b

bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0

version: 04

width: 64 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list

configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0

resources: irq:44 memory:c2600000-c2603fff

*-pci:0

description: PCI bridge

product: Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 1c

bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0

version: c4

width: 32 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list

configuration: driver=pcieport

resources: irq:17 memory:c2500000-c25fffff

*-network UNCLAIMED

description: Network controller

product: Ralink corp.

vendor: Ralink corp.

physical id: 0

bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0

version: 00

width: 32 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list

configuration: latency=0

resources: memory:c2500000-c250ffff

*-pci:1

description: PCI bridge

product: Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 1c.2

bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.2

version: c4

width: 32 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list

configuration: driver=pcieport

resources: irq:18 ioport:3000(size=4096) memory:c1000000-c1ffffff ioport:c0000000(size=16777216)

*-generic UNCLAIMED

description: Unassigned class

product: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.

vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.

physical id: 0

bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0

version: 01

width: 32 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list

configuration: latency=0

resources: memory:c1000000-c1000fff

*-pci:2

description: PCI bridge

product: Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 1c.3

bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.3

version: c4

width: 32 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list

configuration: driver=pcieport

resources: irq:19 ioport:2000(size=4096) ioport:c2400000(size=1048576)

*-network

description: Ethernet interface

product: RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller

vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.

physical id: 0

bus info: pci@0000:08:00.0

logical name: eth0

version: 05

serial: 2c:44:fd:ae:26:69

size: 100Mbit/s

capacity: 100Mbit/s

width: 64 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation

configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw ip=192.168.1.2 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s

resources: irq:41 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:c2404000-c2404fff memory:c2400000-c2403fff

*-usb:1

description: USB controller

product: Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 1d

bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0

version: 04

width: 32 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list

configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0

resources: irq:23 memory:c2608000-c26083ff

*-isa

description: ISA bridge

product: Panther Point LPC Controller

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 1f

bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0

version: 04

width: 32 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list

configuration: latency=0

*-storage

description: SATA controller

product: Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode]

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 1f.2

bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2

logical name: scsi0

logical name: scsi2

version: 04

width: 32 bits

clock: 66MHz

capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list emulated

configuration: driver=ahci latency=0

resources: irq:40 ioport:4088(size=8) ioport:4094(size=4) ioport:4080(size=8) ioport:4090(size=4) ioport:4060(size=32) memory:c2607000-c26077ff

*-disk

description: ATA Disk

product: ST500LM012 HN-M5

vendor: Seagate

physical id: 0

bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0

logical name: /dev/sda

version: 2AR2

serial: S2YBJ9BD513778

size: 465GiB (500GB)

capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt

configuration: ansiversion=5 guid=7536d2f5-2152-423c-b3fa-a1eb7ed10f1f

*-volume:0

description: Windows FAT volume

vendor: MSWIN4.1

physical id: 1

bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1

logical name: /dev/sda1

logical name: /boot/efi

version: FAT32

serial: 29ab-82cb

size: 95MiB

capacity: 95MiB

capabilities: boot fat initialized

configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat mount.fstype=vfat mount.options=rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro state=mounted

*-volume:1

description: EXT4 volume

vendor: Linux

physical id: 2

bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2

logical name: /dev/sda2

logical name: /

version: 1.0

serial: cbf017d4-18f6-4cd2-b91a-0f5fb238aa32

size: 461GiB

capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized

configuration: created=2014-07-24 20:09:57 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2014-07-24 20:31:02 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered mounted=2014-07-28 19:36:29 state=mounted

*-volume:2

description: Linux swap volume

physical id: 3

bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3

logical name: /dev/sda3

version: 1

serial: 815b04d1-87ed-4e7d-8d8a-76e9a43bb780

size: 3985MiB

capacity: 3985MiB

capabilities: nofs swap initialized

configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4096

*-cdrom

description: DVD-RAM writer

product: CDDVDW SN-208DB

vendor: hp

physical id: 1

bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0

logical name: /dev/cdrom

logical name: /dev/cdrw

logical name: /dev/dvd

logical name: /dev/dvdrw

logical name: /dev/sr0

version: HH01

capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram

configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc

*-serial UNCLAIMED

description: SMBus

product: Panther Point SMBus Controller

vendor: Intel Corporation

physical id: 1f.3

bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3

version: 04

width: 64 bits

clock: 33MHz

configuration: latency=0

resources: memory:c2605000-c26050ff ioport:4040(size=32)

*-battery

description: 锂离子 Battery

product: MU06047

vendor: 11-85

physical id: 1

slot: Primary

capacity: 47520mWh

configuration: voltage=10.8V

*-power UNCLAIMED

description: OEM_Define1

product: OEM_Define5

vendor: OEM_Define2

physical id: 2

version: OEM_Define6

serial: OEM_Define3

capacity: 75mWh

hui@hui-Compaq-CQ45-Notebook-PC:~$