static void LocalValueType()
{
int i=0;//int是System.Int32结构
Point p=new Point();//Point是自定义结构
}

 //出了方法作用域，i与p被清除了（已经被弹出栈）。

//结构Point的定义
struct Point
{
public int X;
public int Y;
public Point(int XPos, int YPos)
{
X = XPos;
Y = YPos;
}
public void Increment()
{
X++; Y++;
}
public void Decrement()
{
X--; Y--;
}
public void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("X = {0}, Y = {1}", X, Y);
}
}
//PointRef类型的定义
class PointRef
{
public int X;
public int Y;
public PointRef(int XPos, int YPos)
{
X = XPos;
Y = YPos;
}
public void Increment()
{
X++; Y++;
}
public void Decrement()
{
X--; Y--;
}
public void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("X = {0}, Y = {1}", X, Y);
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("***** 值类型 / 引用类型 *****\n");
ValueTypeAssignment();
ReferenceTypeAssignment();
Console.ReadLine();
}
static void ValueTypeAssignment()
{
Console.WriteLine("指定值类型\n");
Point p1 = new Point(10, 10);
Point p2 = p1;
p1.Display();
p2.Display();
p1.X = 100;
Console.WriteLine("\n=> 改变 p1.X\n");
p1.Display();
p2.Display();
}
static void ReferenceTypeAssignment()
{
Console.WriteLine("指定引用类型\n");
PointRef p1 = new PointRef(10, 10);
PointRef p2 = p1;
p1.Display();
p2.Display();
p1.X = 100;
Console.WriteLine("\n=> 改变 p1.X\n");
p1.Display();
p2.Display();
}

class ShapeInfo
{
public string infoString;
public ShapeInfo(string info)
{ infoString = info; }
}
struct Rectangle
{
public ShapeInfo rectInfo;
public int rectTop, rectLeft, rectBottom, rectRight;
public Rectangle(string info, int top, int left, int bottom, int right)
{
rectInfo = new ShapeInfo(info);
rectTop = top; rectBottom = bottom;
rectLeft = left; rectRight = right;
}
public void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("String = {0}, Top = {1}, Bottom = {2}, Left = {3}, Right = {4}",
rectInfo.infoString, rectTop, rectBottom, rectLeft, rectRight);
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("***** 值類型 / 引用類型 *****\n");
ValueTypeContainingRefType();
Console.ReadLine();
}
static void ValueTypeContainingRefType()
{
Console.WriteLine("-> 創建 r1");
Rectangle r1 = new Rectangle("初始的信息", 10, 10, 50, 50);

Console.WriteLine("-> 把r1賦給r2");
Rectangle r2 = r1;
Console.WriteLine("-> 改變r2的值");
r2.rectInfo.infoString = "新的字符信息!";
r2.rectBottom = 4444;
r1.Display();
r2.Display();
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
//按值傳遞
Console.WriteLine("*********按值傳遞引用類型對象*****");
Car c = new Car("寶馬", 100);
Console.WriteLine("按值傳遞前對象的狀態。");
c.Print();
SendACarByValue(c);
Console.WriteLine("按值傳遞後對象的狀態。");
c.Print();
Console.ReadLine();
//按引用傳遞
Console.WriteLine("*********按值傳遞引用類型對象*****");
Car bmw = new Car("寶馬", 100);
Console.WriteLine("按引用傳遞前對象的狀態。");
bmw.Print();
SendACarByReference(ref bmw);
Console.WriteLine("按引用傳遞後對象的狀態。");
bmw.Print();
Console.ReadLine();

}
static void SendACarByValue(Car c)
{
//改變c的Speed屬性的值
c.Speed = 150;
//給c重新賦值（賦予新的Car對象的指向）
c = new Car("保時捷", 250);
}
static void SendACarByReference(ref Car c)
{
//改變c的Speed屬性的值
c.Speed = 150;
//給c重新賦值（賦予新的Car對象的指向）
c = new Car("保時捷", 250);
}
class Car
{
public int Speed { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public Car(string n, int s)
{
this.Name = n;
this.Speed = s;
}
public Car() { }
public void Print()
{
Console.WriteLine("汽車{0}的速度是{1}", this.Name, this.Speed);
}

}