请预先安装jdk

创建新用户（非root用户）

elasticsearch只能用非root启动，这里我创建了一个叫seven的用户

[root@localhost ~]# useradd seven
[root@localhost ~]# passwd seven

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下载elasticsearch

[root@localhost ~]# su seven
[seven@localhost root]$ cd /home/seven
[seven@localhost ~]$ mkdir download
[seven@localhost ~]$ cd download
[seven@localhost download]$ wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/tar/elasticsearch/5.0.0-alpha3/elasticsearch-5.0.0-alpha3.tar.gz

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解压并运行elasticsearch

解压

[seven@localhost download]$ tar -zxvf elasticsearch-5.0.0-alpha3.tar.gz

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移动到指定文件夹并重命名（方便管理）

[seven@localhost download]$ mv elasticsearch-5.0.0-alpha3 /usr/java/elasticsearch

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修改访问elasticsearch的IP及端口

[seven@localhost config]$ vim /usr/java/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml

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找到如下代码段，并取消network.host及http.port所在行的注释，修改IP及端口

# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: 192.168.0.155
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 9200
#
# For more information, see the documentation at:
# <http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/modules-network.html>

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直接运行bin/elasticsearch文件启动elasticsearch

[seven@localhost bin]$ cd /usr/java/elasticsearch/bin/
[seven@localhost bin]$ ./elasticsearch

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启动时发现报错了。。。

[seven@localhost bin]$ ./elasticsearch
[2016-06-28 13:49:27,899][INFO ][node                     ] [Mondo] version[5.0.0-alpha3], pid[3671], build[cad959b/2016-05-26T08:25:57.564Z], OS[Linux/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64/amd64], JVM[Oracle Corporation/Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM/1  .0_91/25.91-b14]
▽2016-06-28 13:49:27,900][INFO ][node                     ] [Mondo] initializing ...
[2016-06-28 13:49:28,941][INFO ][plugins                  ] [Mondo] modules [percolator, lang-mustache, lang-painless, ingest-grok, reindex, lang-expression, lang-groovy], plugins []
[2016-06-28 13:49:28,963][INFO ][env                      ] [Mondo] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/ (rootfs)]], net usable_space [15.7gb], net total_space [17.4gb], spins? [unknown], types [rootfs]
[2016-06-28 13:49:28,963][INFO ][env                      ] [Mondo] heap size [1.9gb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true]
[2016-06-28 13:49:31,980][INFO ][node                     ] [Mondo] initialized
[2016-06-28 13:49:31,980][INFO ][node                     ] [Mondo] starting ...
[2016-06-28 13:49:32,115][INFO ][transport                ] [Mondo] publish_address {192.168.0.155:9300}, bound_addresses {192.168.0.155:9300}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: bootstrap checks failed
initial heap size [268435456] not equal to maximum heap size [2147483648]; this can cause resize pauses and prevents mlockall from locking the entire heap
max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process likely too low, increase to at least [65536]
please set [discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes] to a majority of the number of master eligible nodes in your cluster
max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] likely too low, increase to at least [262144]at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.BootstrapCheck.check(BootstrapCheck.java:125)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.BootstrapCheck.check(BootstrapCheck.java:85)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.BootstrapCheck.check(BootstrapCheck.java:65)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap$5.validateNodeBeforeAcceptingRequests(Bootstrap.java:183)at org.elasticsearch.node.Node.start(Node.java:337)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:198)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:257)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:96)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:91)at org.elasticsearch.cli.SettingCommand.execute(SettingCommand.java:54)at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:91)at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:53)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:70)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:63)
Refer to the log for complete error details.
[2016-06-28 13:49:32,144][INFO ][node                     ] [Mondo] stopping ...
[2016-06-28 13:49:32,198][INFO ][node                     ] [Mondo] stopped
[2016-06-28 13:49:32,198][INFO ][node                     ] [Mondo] closing ...
[2016-06-28 13:49:32,210][INFO ][node                     ] [Mondo] closed

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于是我临时提高了vm.max_map_count的大小 
*此操作需要root权限

[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144

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查看修改结果

[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a|grep vm.max_map_count
vm.max_map_count = 262144

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或者永久性修改

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf | grep -v "vm.max_map_count" > /tmp/system_sysctl.conf
[root@localhost ~]# echo "vm.max_map_count=262144" >> /tmp/system_sysctl.conf
[root@localhost ~]# mv /tmp/system_sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf
mv：是否覆盖"/etc/sysctl.conf"？ y
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
vm.max_map_count=262144
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p
vm.max_map_count = 262144

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上面还有一个错误是关于jvm内存分配的问题heap size [268435456] not equal to maximum heap size [2147483648]，需要修改的jvm配置

[seven@localhost bin]$ vim /usr/java/elasticsearch/config/jvm.options

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将-Xmx2g改成-Xmx256m，也就是heap size [268435456] /1024/1024的值

又有新的错误。。。

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: bootstrap checks failed
initial heap size [268435456] not equal to maximum heap size [2147483648]; this can cause resize pauses and prevents mlockall from locking the entire heap
max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process likely too low, increase to at least [65536]
memory locking requested for elasticsearch process but memory is not lockedat org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.BootstrapCheck.check(BootstrapCheck.java:125)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.BootstrapCheck.check(BootstrapCheck.java:85)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.BootstrapCheck.check(BootstrapCheck.java:65)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap$5.validateNodeBeforeAcceptingRequests(Bootstrap.java:183)at org.elasticsearch.node.Node.start(Node.java:337)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:198)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:257)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:96)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:91)at org.elasticsearch.cli.SettingCommand.execute(SettingCommand.java:54)at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:91)at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:53)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:70)at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:63)
Refer to the log for complete error details.
[2016-06-28 14:55:49,770][INFO ][node                     ] [Goldbug] stopping ...
[2016-06-28 14:55:49,875][INFO ][node                     ] [Goldbug] stopped
[2016-06-28 14:55:49,875][INFO ][node                     ] [Goldbug] closing ...
[2016-06-28 14:55:49,887][INFO ][node                     ] [Goldbug] closed

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这个问题折腾了我一下午，最后还是找到了解决方案，同样回到config/elasticsearch.yml文件，找到如下配置，开放discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts及discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes

# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when new node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.0.155"]
#
# Prevent the "split brain" by configuring the majority of nodes (total number of nodes / 2 + 1):
#
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, see the documentation at:
# <http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/modules-discovery.html>

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然后修改max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process likely too low, increase to at least [65536]这个错误（切换到root操作）

[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep -v "seven" > /tmp/system_limits.conf
[root@localhost ~]# echo "seven hard nofile 65536" >> /tmp/system_limits.conf
[root@localhost ~]# echo "seven soft nofile 65536" >> /tmp/system_limits.conf
[root@localhost ~]# mv /tmp/system_limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf

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修改后重新登录seven用户，使用如下命令查看是否修改成功

[seven@localhost ~]$ ulimit -Hn
65536

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接下来就可以启动elasticsearch了，启动完成使用浏览器访问http://192.168.0.155:9200

{"name" : "Vampire by Night","cluster_name" : "elasticsearch","version" : {"number" : "5.0.0-alpha3","build_hash" : "cad959b","build_date" : "2016-05-26T08:25:57.564Z","build_snapshot" : false,"lucene_version" : "6.0.0"},"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}