Matlab GUI设计——文件读取和保存uigetfile,uiputfile

这一篇主要介绍一些Matlab GUI制作时常用到的文件读取和保存的函数：uigetfile,uiputfile。具体的语法就不再重复，主要通过一些自己编写的GUI来进行介绍，也许这样更有帮助：

1. uigetfile：该函数返回值包含读取的文件的名称cell数组（FileName），文件的路径数组(FilePath)，判断读取是否成功的标志FileIndex（不等于0时表示成功）。我们分析下面的matlab代码来进行具体讲解：我们通过在Callback函数中添加uigetfile函数来实现在界面中读入视频，注意到在代码中uigetfile的返回值正好为之前介绍过的三个值，不再介绍，同时{}中表示读取文件的格式选择，‘ReadVideo'则为读取数据的对话框的名称，’MultiSelect'取值为‘on'表示一次可以打开多个视频，当打开的是多个视频时，FileName是一个cell数组，如果取值为’off'时，则只能打开一个视频；还有就是可以设置默认路径，即弹出的对话框中最先能够看到的文件的路径。

注意：uigetfile只是获得了文件的路径和文件名称，并没有其他的任何操作，真正读取数据，需要相应的读取函数，例如图片可以用imread，视频可以用VideoReader对象读取。

function ReadVideoIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to ReadVideoIO (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%读入视频，前三个是第一次申明，第四个是引用
global InputVideo;
global ResultVideo;
global VideoFullPath;
global isVideo;
[ReadVideoFileName,ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFilterIndex] = uigetfile({'*.avi;*.mp4','VideoFile(*.avi,*.mp4)';'*.avi','AVIVideoFile(*.avi)';'*.*','AllFile(*.*)'},'ReadVideo',...'MultiSelect','on',...       %是否能够多选,'off'不支持多选， 'on'支持多选'C:\Users\hsw\Desktop'); %设置默认路径
if isequal(ReadVideoFileName,0) || isequal(ReadVideoPathName,0) || isequal(ReadVideoFilterIndex,0)msgbox('导入视频失败，点击 确定 关闭对话框，再重新导入');
else%支持多选时需要处理isVideo = 1;if iscell(ReadVideoFileName)%读入多个视频时InputVideo = cell(length(ReadVideoFileName),1);VideoFullPath = InputVideo;for IterVideo = 1:length(ReadVideoFileName)VideoFullPath{IterVideo} = fullfile(ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFileName{IterVideo}); %先保存所有视频或图像路径endVideoObject = VideoReader(VideoFullPath{1});else%只读入一个视频时VideoFullPath = fullfile(ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFileName);VideoObject = VideoReader(VideoFullPath);end%     显示第一个视频的第一帧，直到按下Start按钮时，开始显示别的frame = read(VideoObject,1);axes(handles.OriginalAxes);imshow(frame);axes(handles.ResultAxes); imshow(255*ones(size(frame))); ResultVideo = InputVideo;msgbox('成功导入视频，点击 确定 关掉对话框');
end

2. uiputfile：该函数的返回值同uigetfile函数相同，但是，没有了‘MultiSelect’属性，即一次只能一次保存一个文件，当然，这里是不会真正保存文件的，而是返回路径+文件名称，从而，需要添加真正保存文件的代码，例如imwrite保存图像

3. 一个简单的界面：

function varargout = TestGUI(varargin)
% TESTGUI MATLAB code for TestGUI.fig
%      TESTGUI, by itself, creates a new TESTGUI or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = TESTGUI returns the handle to a new TESTGUI or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      TESTGUI('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in TESTGUI.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      TESTGUI('Property','Value',...) creates a new TESTGUI or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before TestGUI_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to TestGUI_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES% Edit the above text to modify the response to help TestGUI% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 06-Oct-2015 11:48:44% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...'gui_OpeningFcn', @TestGUI_OpeningFcn, ...'gui_OutputFcn',  @TestGUI_OutputFcn, ...'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
endif nargout[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
elsegui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% --- Executes just before TestGUI is made visible.
function TestGUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to TestGUI (see VARARGIN)
% 定义全局变量
global isVideo;
isVideo = 0;
global isImage;
isImage = 0;
global Count;
Count = 0;
% Choose default command line output for TestGUI
handles.output = hObject;% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes TestGUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = TestGUI_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function ImageIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to ImageIO (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function VideoIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to VideoIO (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function ReadVideoIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to ReadVideoIO (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%读入视频，前三个是第一次申明，第四个是引用
global InputVideo;
global ResultVideo;
global VideoFullPath;
global isVideo;
[ReadVideoFileName,ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFilterIndex] = uigetfile({'*.avi;*.mp4','VideoFile(*.avi,*.mp4)';'*.avi','AVIVideoFile(*.avi)';'*.*','AllFile(*.*)'},'ReadVideo',...'MultiSelect','on',...       %是否能够多选,'off'不支持多选， 'on'支持多选'C:\Users\hsw\Desktop'); %设置默认路径
if isequal(ReadVideoFileName,0) || isequal(ReadVideoPathName,0) || isequal(ReadVideoFilterIndex,0)msgbox('导入视频失败，点击 确定 关闭对话框，再重新导入');
else%支持多选时需要处理isVideo = 1;if iscell(ReadVideoFileName)%读入多个视频时InputVideo = cell(length(ReadVideoFileName),1);VideoFullPath = InputVideo;for IterVideo = 1:length(ReadVideoFileName)VideoFullPath{IterVideo} = fullfile(ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFileName{IterVideo}); %先保存所有视频或图像路径endVideoObject = VideoReader(VideoFullPath{1});else%只读入一个视频时VideoFullPath = fullfile(ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFileName);VideoObject = VideoReader(VideoFullPath);end%     显示第一个视频的第一帧，直到按下Start按钮时，开始显示别的frame = read(VideoObject,1);axes(handles.OriginalAxes);imshow(frame);axes(handles.ResultAxes); imshow(255*ones(size(frame))); ResultVideo = InputVideo;msgbox('成功导入视频，点击 确定 关掉对话框');
end% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function SaveVideoIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to SaveVideoIO (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%保存视频
[SaveVideoFileName,SaveVideoPathName,SaveVideoFilterIndex] = uiputfile({'*.avi;*.mp4','VideoFile(*.avi,*.mp4)';...'*.avi','AVIVideoFile(*.avi)';'*.*','AllFile(*.*)'},'ReadVideo',...'C:\Users\hsw\Desktop'); %设置默认路径
if isequal(SaveVideoFileName,0) || isequal(SaveVideoPathName,0) || isequal(SaveVideoFilterIndex,0)disp('User seleceted Cancel');
else%这里保存所有读入的视频的处理结果end% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function ReadImageIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to ReadImageIO (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%读入图像，前三个是第一次申明，第四个是引用
global InputImage;
global ResultImage;
global ImageFullPath;
global isImage;
[ReadImageFileName,ReadImagePathName,ReadImageFilterIndex] = uigetfile({'*.jpg;*.png;*.tif','ImageFile(*.jpg;*.png;*.tif)';...'*.jpg','JPEGImageFile(*.jpg)';'*.*','AllFile(*.*)'},'ReadImage',...'MultiSelect','on',...       %是否能够多选,'off'不支持多选， 'on'支持多选'C:\Users\hsw\Desktop'); %设置默认路径
if isequal(ReadImageFileName,0)|| isequal(ReadImagePathName,0) || isequal(ReadImageFilterIndex,0)msgbox('导入图像失败，点击 确定 关闭对话框，再重新导入');
else% 支持多选时，注意需要分别处理isImage = 1;if iscell(ReadImageFileName)%读入多个图像时，名称为cell数组，多个图像必须在同一个目录InputImage = cell(length(ReadImageFileName),1);ImageFullPath = InputImage;for IterImage = 1:length(ReadImageFileName)ImageFullPath{IterImage} = fullfile(ReadImagePathName,ReadImageFileName{IterImage});endFirstImageFullPath = ImageFullPath{1};else%只读入一个视频时FirstImageFullPath = fullfile(ReadImagePathName,ReadImageFileName);ImageFullPath = FirstImageFullPath; end%显示第一张图片axes(handles.OriginalAxes);imshow(imread(FirstImageFullPath));axes(handles.ResultAxes);imshow(255*ones(size(imread(FirstImageFullPath))));ResultImage = InputImage;msgbox('成功导入图像，点击 确定 关掉对话框');
end% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function SaveImageIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to SaveImageIO (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%保存图像：保存当前结果
[SaveImageFileName,SaveImagePathName,SaveImageFilterIndex] = uiputfile({'*.jpg;*.png;*.tif','ImageFile(*.jpg;*.png;*.tif)';...'*.jpg','JPEGImageFile(*.jpg)';'*.*','AllFile(*.*)'},'SaveImage','C:\Users\heshiwen\Desktop');if isequal(SaveImageFileName,0) || isequal(SaveImagePathName,0) || isequal(SaveImageFilterIndex,0)disp('User selected Cancel');
else%保存处理的结果end% --- Executes on button press in StartPushButton.
function StartPushButton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to StartPushButton (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%开始执行功能
%需要再次申明全局变量
global InputVideo;
global ResultVideo;
global VideoFullPath;
global isVideo;
global InputImage;
global ResultImage;
global ImageFullPath;
global isImage;
global Count;
% handles 不清楚有哪些按钮可以输出handles查看
ChooseFunctions1 = get(handles.radiobutton1,'Value'); %执行radiobutton对应功能
ChooseFunctions2 = get(handles.radiobutton2,'Value'); %执行radiobutton对应功能
if isImage %处理图像if ChooseFunctions1 %进行图像翻转if iscell(ImageFullPath) && Count < length(ImageFullPath) %处理多幅图像InputImage = imread(ImageFullPath{Count + 1});ResultImage{Count + 1} = 255*ones(size(InputImage)) - double(InputImage);axes(handles.OriginalAxes);imshow(InputImage);axes(handles.ResultAxes);imshow(ResultImage{Count + 1}/255,[]);Count = Count + 1;if Count == length(ImageFullPath)msgbox('图像处理完！'); Count = 0; end elseif ~iscell(ImageFullPath) && Count < 1InputImage = imread(ImageFullPath);ResultImage = 255*ones(size(InputImage)) - double(InputImage);axes(handles.OriginalAxes);imshow(InputImage);axes(handles.ResultAxes);imshow(ResultImage/255,[]);Count = Count + 1; if Count == 1 msgbox('图像处理完！'); Count = 0; end end        elseif ChooseFunctions2 %进行直方图均衡化msgbox('没有实现！'); elseerrordlg('程序出错了！');end
elseif isVideoif ChooseFunctions1if iscell(VideoFullPath) && Count < length(VideoFullPath)VideoObject = VideoReader(VideoFullPath{Count + 1}); for IterVideo = 1:VideoObject.NumberOfFramesInputFrame = read(VideoObject,IterVideo); ResultFrame = 255*ones(size(InputFrame)) - double(InputFrame); axes(handles.OriginalAxes);imshow(InputFrame); axes(handles.ResultAxes); imshow(ResultFrame/255,[]); end Count = Count + 1; %改如何保存呢？elseif ~iscell(ImageFullPath) && Count < 1Count = Count + 1; end elseif ChooseFunction2msgbox('没有实现！'); elseerrordlg('程序出错了！');end
elseerrordlg('需要先导入图像/视频');
end% --- Executes on button press in ExitPushButton.
function ExitPushButton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to ExitPushButton (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%退出导航
close(gcf);
% msgbox('Exit !!');

注意：保存部分没有写，类比读取图像的方法添加就行了

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