WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】（完）

最近通过WPF开发项目，为了对WPF知识点进行总结，所以利用业余时间，开发一个学生信息管理系统【Student Information Management System】。前四篇文章进行了框架搭建和模块划分，后台WebApi接口编写，以及课程管理模块，班级管理模块，学生管理模块的开发，本文在前四篇基础之上，继续深入开发学生信息管理系统的成绩管理和系统管理模块，通过本篇文章，将继续巩固之前的知识点，本文仅供学习分享使用，如有不足之处，还请指正。

涉及知识点

学生信息管理系统SIMS属于一个小型的完整系统开发，涉及的知识点比较，具体如下所示：

WPF开发中TextBlock，TextBox，DataGrid，Combox，TabControl等控件的基础使用以及数据绑定等操作。
MAH样式的使用，在本示例中MAH主要用于统一页面风格，提高用户体验。
HttpClient使用，主要用于访问服务端提供的接口。

业务逻辑

前面几篇文章，由浅入深，逐步介绍了课程管理模块，班级管理模块，学生管理模块，今天继续介绍成绩管理模块，业务逻辑关系如下：

学生属于某一班级之学生，所以学生中包含班级信息。
班级中存在班长，同时班长又属于学生的一个实体。
成绩是某一学生的成绩，且一名学生有各门课程的成绩。所以成绩和学生有关，且和课程有关。

实体E-R图

学生表，成绩表，班级表，课程表，各个数据表之间的E-R图，如下所示：

由此可见，成绩表与课程和学生表，都有关联，所以放在最后。

成绩管理

成绩管理主要用于录入各个学生各个课程的成绩，包含成绩表的增删改查功能。

1. 成绩管理后台服务Service

IScoreAppService接口是对成绩管理的抽象，如下所示：

namespace SIMS.WebApi.Services.Score
{public interface IScoreAppService{public PagedRequest<ScoreEntity> GetScores(string studentName,string courseName,int pageNum,int pageSize);/// <summary>/// 通过id查询成绩信息/// </summary>/// <param name="id"></param>/// <returns></returns>public ScoreEntity GetScore(int id);/// <summary>/// 新增成绩/// </summary>/// <param name="score"></param>/// <returns></returns>public int AddScore(ScoreEntity score);/// <summary>/// 修改成绩/// </summary>/// <param name="score"></param>/// <returns></returns>public int UpdateScore(ScoreEntity score);/// <summary>/// 删除成绩/// </summary>/// <param name="id"></param>public int DeleteScore(int id);}
}

服务实现类ScoreAppService，是对接口的实现，具体如下所示：

namespace SIMS.WebApi.Services.Score
{public class ScoreAppService : IScoreAppService{private DataContext dataContext;public ScoreAppService(DataContext dataContext){this.dataContext = dataContext;}public int AddScore(ScoreEntity score){var entity = this.dataContext.Scores.Add(score);this.dataContext.SaveChanges();return 0;}public int DeleteScore(int id){var entity = dataContext.Scores.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);if (entity != null){dataContext.Scores.Remove(entity);dataContext.SaveChanges();}return 0;}public ScoreEntity GetScore(int id){var entity = dataContext.Scores.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Id == id);return entity;}/// <summary>/// 按条件查询成绩列表/// </summary>/// <param name="studentName"></param>/// <param name="courseName"></param>/// <param name="pageNum"></param>/// <param name="pageSize"></param>/// <returns></returns>public PagedRequest<ScoreEntity> GetScores(string studentName, string courseName, int pageNum, int pageSize){IQueryable<ScoreEntity> scores = null;if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(studentName) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(courseName)){var students = this.dataContext.Students.Where(r => r.Name.Contains(studentName));var courses = this.dataContext.Courses.Where(r => r.Name.Contains(courseName));scores = this.dataContext.Scores.Where(r => students.Select(t => t.Id).Contains(r.StudentId)).Where(r => courses.Select(t => t.Id).Contains(r.CourseId));}else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(studentName)){var students = this.dataContext.Students.Where(r => r.Name.Contains(studentName));scores = this.dataContext.Scores.Where(r => students.Select(t => t.Id).Contains(r.StudentId));}else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(courseName)){var courses = this.dataContext.Courses.Where(r => r.Name.Contains(courseName));scores = this.dataContext.Scores.Where(r => courses.Select(t => t.Id).Contains(r.CourseId));}else {scores = dataContext.Scores.Where(r => true).OrderBy(r => r.Id);}int count = scores.Count();List<ScoreEntity> items;if (pageSize > 0){items = scores.Skip((pageNum - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize).ToList();}else{items = scores.ToList();}return new PagedRequest<ScoreEntity>(){count = count,items = items};}public int UpdateScore(ScoreEntity score){dataContext.Scores.Update(score);dataContext.SaveChanges();return 0;}}
}

2. 成绩管理WebApi接口控制器

控制器是对数据服务的公开，每一个控制器的方法表示一个Action，即表示一个客户端可以访问的入口。具体如下所示：

namespace SIMS.WebApi.Controllers
{/// <summary>/// 成绩控制器/// </summary>[Route("api/[controller]/[action]")][ApiController]public class ScoreController : ControllerBase{private readonly ILogger<ScoreController> logger;private readonly IScoreAppService scoreAppService;public ScoreController(ILogger<ScoreController> logger, IScoreAppService scoreAppService){this.logger = logger;this.scoreAppService = scoreAppService;}/// <summary>/// 获取成绩信息/// </summary>/// <param name="id"></param>/// <returns></returns>[HttpGet]public PagedRequest<ScoreEntity> GetScores(string? studentName, string? courseName, int pageNum, int pageSize){return scoreAppService.GetScores(studentName, courseName, pageNum, pageSize);}/// <summary>/// 获取成绩信息/// </summary>/// <param name="id"></param>/// <returns></returns>[HttpGet]public ScoreEntity GetScore(int id){return scoreAppService.GetScore(id);}/// <summary>/// 新增成绩/// </summary>/// <param name="score"></param>/// <returns></returns>[HttpPost]public int AddScore(ScoreEntity score){return scoreAppService.AddScore(score);}/// <summary>/// 修改成绩/// </summary>/// <param name="score"></param>/// <returns></returns>[HttpPut]public int UpdateScore(ScoreEntity score){return scoreAppService.UpdateScore(score);}/// <summary>/// 删除成绩/// </summary>/// <param name="id"></param>[HttpDelete]public int DeleteScore(int id){return scoreAppService.DeleteScore(id);}}
}

当服务运行起来后，Swagger还每一个控制器都进行归类，可以清晰的看到每一个接口对应的网址，成绩管理模块对应的接口如下所示：

3. 成绩管理客户端接口访问类HttpUtil

在学生信息系统开发的过程中，发现所有的接口访问都是通用的，所以对接口访问功能提取成一个HttpUtil基类【包括GET，POST，PUT，DELETE等功能】，其他具体业务再继承基类，并细化具体业务即可。ScoreHttpUtil代码如下所示：

namespace SIMS.Utils.Http
{public class ScoreHttpUtil:HttpUtil{/// <summary>/// 通过id查询成绩信息/// </summary>/// <param name="id"></param>/// <returns></returns>public static ScoreEntity GetScore(int id){Dictionary<string, object> data = new Dictionary<string, object>();data["id"] = id;var str = Get(UrlConfig.SCORE_GETSCORE, data);var socre = StrToObject<ScoreEntity>(str);return socre;}/// <summary>////// </summary>/// <param name="studentName"></param>/// <param name="courseName"></param>/// <param name="pageNum"></param>/// <param name="pageSize"></param>/// <returns></returns>public static PagedRequest<ScoreEntity> GetScores(string? studentName, string? courseName, int pageNum, int pageSize){Dictionary<string, object> data = new Dictionary<string, object>();data["courseName"] = courseName;data["studentName"] = studentName;data["pageNum"] = pageNum;data["pageSize"] = pageSize;var str = Get(UrlConfig.SCORE_GETSCORES, data);var socres = StrToObject<PagedRequest<ScoreEntity>>(str);return socres;}public static bool AddScore(ScoreEntity socre){var ret = Post<ScoreEntity>(UrlConfig.SCORE_ADDSCORE, socre);return int.Parse(ret) == 0;}public static bool UpdateScore(ScoreEntity socre){var ret = Put<ScoreEntity>(UrlConfig.SCORE_UPDATESCORE, socre);return int.Parse(ret) == 0;}public static bool DeleteScore(int Id){Dictionary<string, string> data = new Dictionary<string, string>();data["Id"] = Id.ToString();var ret = Delete(UrlConfig.SCORE_DELETESCORE, data);return int.Parse(ret) == 0;}}
}

4. 成绩管理客户端操作

经过前面四个部分的开发，客户端就可以与数据接口进行交互，展示数据到客户端。客户端所有的开发，均采用MVVM模式进行。

在成绩管理模块中，根据功能区分，主要包含两个View视图及对应的ViewModel。如下所示：

Score视图，主要用于成绩的查询，以及新增，修改，删除的链接入口。
AddEditScore视图，主要用于成绩信息的新增和修改，共用一个视图页面。
成绩课程不需要页面，所以没有对应视图。

4.1. Score视图

Score视图，主要是成绩的查询和新增，修改，删除的链接入口。涉及知识点如下：

Score视图页面布局采用Grid方式和StackPanel混合布局，即整体布局采用Grid，细微布局采用StackPanel。
成绩采用分页列表的方式展示，需要用到DataGrid，及分页控件【WPF默认不提供分页控件，可自行编写分页控件】。
查询条件采用按钮Button和文本框TextBox等组成，关于基础控件的使用，不再详细论述，可参考其他文章。
在本系统的所有WPF视图中，均需要引入Prism和 MAH组件。
Score视图中，所有的数据均采用Binding的方式与ViewModel进行交互。

Score视图具体代码，如下所示：

<UserControl x:Class="SIMS.ScoreModule.Views.Score"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/xaml/behaviors"xmlns:prism="http://prismlibrary.com/"xmlns:local="clr-namespace:SIMS.ScoreModule.Views"mc:Ignorable="d"xmlns:mahApps="http://metro.mahapps.com/winfx/xaml/controls"xmlns:ctrls ="clr-namespace:SIMS.Utils.Controls;assembly=SIMS.Utils"prism:ViewModelLocator.AutoWireViewModel="True"d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"><UserControl.Resources><ResourceDictionary><ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries><ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MahApps.Metro;component/Styles/Controls.xaml" /><ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MahApps.Metro;component/Styles/Themes/Light.Blue.xaml" /><ResourceDictionary><Style x:Key="LinkButton" TargetType="Button"><Setter Property="Background" Value="White"></Setter><Setter Property="Cursor" Value="Hand"></Setter><Setter Property="Margin" Value="3"></Setter><Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="80"></Setter><Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="25"></Setter><Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0 0 0 0"></Setter></Style></ResourceDictionary></ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries></ResourceDictionary></UserControl.Resources><i:Interaction.Triggers><i:EventTrigger EventName="Loaded"><i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding LoadedCommand}"></i:InvokeCommandAction></i:EventTrigger></i:Interaction.Triggers><Grid><Grid.RowDefinitions><RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition><RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition><RowDefinition Height="*"></RowDefinition><RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition></Grid.RowDefinitions><TextBlock Text="成绩信息" FontSize="20" Background="AliceBlue" Margin="2"></TextBlock><StackPanel Grid.Row="1" Orientation="Horizontal" VerticalAlignment="Center"><TextBlock Text="学生名称" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="2"></TextBlock><TextBox Margin="4" MinWidth="120" Height="30"Text="{Binding StudentName}"HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch"mahApps:TextBoxHelper.ClearTextButton="True"mahApps:TextBoxHelper.Watermark="学生名称"mahApps:TextBoxHelper.WatermarkAlignment="Left"SpellCheck.IsEnabled="True" /><TextBlock Text="课程名称" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="2"></TextBlock><TextBox Margin="4" MinWidth="120" Height="30"Text="{Binding CourseName}"HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch"mahApps:TextBoxHelper.ClearTextButton="True"mahApps:TextBoxHelper.Watermark="课程名称"mahApps:TextBoxHelper.WatermarkAlignment="Left"SpellCheck.IsEnabled="True" /><Button Content="查询" Style="{DynamicResource MahApps.Styles.Button.Square.Accent}" Width="120" Height="30" Margin="3" Command="{Binding QueryCommand}"></Button><Button Content="新增" Style="{DynamicResource MahApps.Styles.Button.Square.Accent}" Width="120" Height="30" Margin="3" Command="{Binding AddCommand}"></Button></StackPanel><DataGrid x:Name="dgScores"Grid.Row="2"Grid.Column="0"Margin="2"AutoGenerateColumns="False"CanUserAddRows="False"CanUserDeleteRows="False"ItemsSource="{Binding Scores}"RowHeaderWidth="0"><DataGrid.Columns><DataGridTextColumn Binding="{Binding Student.Name}" Header="学生" Width="*" /><DataGridTextColumn Binding="{Binding Course.Name}" Header="课程" Width="*"/><DataGridTextColumn Binding="{Binding Score}" Header="成绩" Width="*"/><DataGridTextColumn Binding="{Binding CreateTime, StringFormat=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}" Header="创建时间" Width="*"/><DataGridTextColumn Binding="{Binding LastEditTime,StringFormat=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}" Header="最后修改时间" Width="*"/><DataGridTemplateColumn Header="操作" Width="*"><DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate><DataTemplate><StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"><Button  Content="Edit" Style="{StaticResource LinkButton}" Command="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource  AncestorType=DataGrid,  Mode=FindAncestor}, Path=DataContext.EditCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding Id}"><Button.Template><ControlTemplate TargetType="Button"><TextBlock TextDecorations="Underline" HorizontalAlignment="Center"><ContentPresenter /></TextBlock></ControlTemplate></Button.Template></Button><Button Content="Delete" Style="{StaticResource LinkButton}" Command="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource  AncestorType=DataGrid,  Mode=FindAncestor}, Path=DataContext.DeleteCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding Id}"><Button.Template><ControlTemplate TargetType="Button"><TextBlock TextDecorations="Underline" HorizontalAlignment="Center"><ContentPresenter /></TextBlock></ControlTemplate></Button.Template></Button></StackPanel></DataTemplate></DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate></DataGridTemplateColumn></DataGrid.Columns></DataGrid><ctrls:PageControl Grid.Row="3" DataContext="{Binding}" ></ctrls:PageControl></Grid>
</UserControl>

4.2. ScoreViewModel

ScoreViewModel是页面视图的业务逻辑处理，如处理客户端的点击的命令等内容。具体代码如下所示：

namespace SIMS.ScoreModule.ViewModels
{public class ScoreViewModel : BindableBase{#region 属性或构造方法/// <summary>/// 课程名称/// </summary>private string courseName;public string CourseName{get { return courseName; }set { SetProperty(ref courseName, value); }}/// <summary>/// 学生姓名/// </summary>private string studentName;public string StudentName{get { return studentName; }set { SetProperty(ref studentName, value); }}private ObservableCollection<ScoreInfo> scores;public ObservableCollection<ScoreInfo> Scores{get { return scores; }set { SetProperty(ref scores, value); }}private IDialogService dialogService;public ScoreViewModel(IDialogService dialogService){this.dialogService = dialogService;this.pageNum = 1;this.pageSize = 20;}private void InitInfo(){Scores = new ObservableCollection<ScoreInfo>();var pagedRequst = ScoreHttpUtil.GetScores(this.StudentName, this.CourseName, this.pageNum, this.pageSize);var entities = pagedRequst.items;Scores.AddRange(entities.Select(r=>new ScoreInfo(r)));//this.TotalCount = pagedRequst.count;this.TotalPage = ((int)Math.Ceiling(this.TotalCount * 1.0 / this.pageSize));}#endregion#region 事件private DelegateCommand loadedCommand;public DelegateCommand LoadedCommand{get{if (loadedCommand == null){loadedCommand = new DelegateCommand(Loaded);}return loadedCommand;}}private void Loaded(){InitInfo();}private DelegateCommand queryCommand;public DelegateCommand QueryCommand{get{if (queryCommand == null){queryCommand = new DelegateCommand(Query);}return queryCommand;}}private void Query(){this.pageNum = 1;this.InitInfo();}/// <summary>/// 新增命令/// </summary>private DelegateCommand addCommand;public DelegateCommand AddCommand{get{if (addCommand == null){addCommand = new DelegateCommand(Add);}return addCommand;}}private void Add(){this.dialogService.ShowDialog("addEditScore", null, AddEditCallBack, "MetroDialogWindow");}private void AddEditCallBack(IDialogResult dialogResult){if (dialogResult != null && dialogResult.Result == ButtonResult.OK){//刷新列表this.pageNum = 1;this.InitInfo();}}/// <summary>/// 编辑命令/// </summary>private DelegateCommand<object> editCommand;public DelegateCommand<object> EditCommand{get{if (editCommand == null){editCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(Edit);}return editCommand;}}private void Edit(object obj){if (obj == null){return;}var Id = int.Parse(obj.ToString());var score = this.Scores.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Id == Id);if (score == null){MessageBox.Show("无效的成绩ID");return;}IDialogParameters dialogParameters = new DialogParameters();dialogParameters.Add("score", score);this.dialogService.ShowDialog("addEditScore", dialogParameters, AddEditCallBack, "MetroDialogWindow");}/// <summary>/// 编辑命令/// </summary>private DelegateCommand<object> deleteCommand;public DelegateCommand<object> DeleteCommand{get{if (deleteCommand == null){deleteCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(Delete);}return deleteCommand;}}private void Delete(object obj){if (obj == null){return;}var Id = int.Parse(obj.ToString());var score = this.Scores.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Id == Id);if (score == null){MessageBox.Show("无效的成绩ID");return;}if (MessageBoxResult.Yes != MessageBox.Show("Are you sure to delete?", "Confirm", MessageBoxButton.YesNo)){return;}bool flag = ScoreHttpUtil.DeleteScore(Id);if (flag){this.pageNum = 1;this.InitInfo();}}#endregion}
}

注意：关于分页功能，与其他模块代码通用，所以此处略去。

4. 3. 新增编辑成绩视图AddEditScore

新增编辑成绩视图，主要用于对成绩的修改和新增，可通过查询页面的新增按钮和具体成绩的编辑按钮弹出对应窗口。如下所示：

<UserControl x:Class="SIMS.ScoreModule.Views.AddEditScore"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"xmlns:local="clr-namespace:SIMS.ScoreModule.Views"xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/xaml/behaviors"xmlns:mahApps ="http://metro.mahapps.com/winfx/xaml/controls"xmlns:prism="http://prismlibrary.com/"mc:Ignorable="d"d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"><prism:Dialog.WindowStyle><Style TargetType="Window"><Setter Property="Width" Value="600"></Setter><Setter Property="Height" Value="400"></Setter></Style></prism:Dialog.WindowStyle><UserControl.Resources><ResourceDictionary><ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries><ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MahApps.Metro;component/Styles/Controls.xaml" /><ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MahApps.Metro;component/Styles/Themes/Light.Blue.xaml" /></ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries></ResourceDictionary></UserControl.Resources><i:Interaction.Triggers><i:EventTrigger EventName="Loaded"><i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding LoadedCommand}"></i:InvokeCommandAction></i:EventTrigger></i:Interaction.Triggers><Grid><Grid.ColumnDefinitions><ColumnDefinition Width="0.2*"></ColumnDefinition><ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition><ColumnDefinition Width="*"></ColumnDefinition><ColumnDefinition Width="0.2*"></ColumnDefinition></Grid.ColumnDefinitions><Grid.RowDefinitions><RowDefinition></RowDefinition><RowDefinition></RowDefinition><RowDefinition></RowDefinition><RowDefinition></RowDefinition></Grid.RowDefinitions><TextBlock Text="学生" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="3"></TextBlock><ComboBox Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="2" MinWidth="120" Height="35" ItemsSource="{Binding Students}" mahApps:TextBoxHelper.ClearTextButton="True" SelectedItem="{Binding Student}"><ComboBox.ItemTemplate><DataTemplate><TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"></TextBlock></DataTemplate></ComboBox.ItemTemplate></ComboBox><TextBlock Text="课程" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1"  VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="3"></TextBlock><ComboBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="2" MinWidth="120" Height="35" ItemsSource="{Binding Courses}" mahApps:TextBoxHelper.ClearTextButton="True" SelectedItem="{Binding Course}"><ComboBox.ItemTemplate><DataTemplate><TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"></TextBlock></DataTemplate></ComboBox.ItemTemplate></ComboBox><TextBlock Text="成绩" Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1"   VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="3"></TextBlock><TextBox Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="2" MinWidth="120" Height="35"   VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="3" Text="{Binding Score.Score}"></TextBox><StackPanel Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="3"><Button Content="取消" Margin="5" MinWidth="120" Height="35" Style="{DynamicResource MahApps.Styles.Button.Square.Accent}" Command="{Binding CancelCommand}"></Button><Button Content="保存" Margin="5" MinWidth="120" Height="35" Style="{DynamicResource MahApps.Styles.Button.Square.Accent}" Command="{Binding SaveCommand}"></Button></StackPanel></Grid>
</UserControl>

4.4. 新增编辑成绩ViewModel

AddEditScoreViewModel是对页面具体功能的业务封装，主要是对应成绩信息的保存，也包括数据绑定和命令绑定等内容，与其他模块不同之处，在于此模块关联学生和课程信息，需要绑定下拉框数据源。具体如下所示：

namespace SIMS.ScoreModule.ViewModels
{public class AddEditScoreViewModel : BindableBase, IDialogAware{#region 属性和构造函数/// <summary>/// 当前实体/// </summary>private ScoreEntity score;public ScoreEntity Score{get { return score; }set { SetProperty(ref score , value); }}/// <summary>/// 下拉框选择的学生/// </summary>private StudentEntity student;public StudentEntity Student{get { return student; }set { SetProperty(ref student , value); }}/// <summary>/// 学生列表/// </summary>private List<StudentEntity> students;public List<StudentEntity> Students{get { return students; }set { SetProperty(ref students, value); }}private CourseEntity course;public CourseEntity Course{get { return course; }set {SetProperty(ref course , value); }}/// <summary>/// 课程列表/// </summary>private List<CourseEntity> courses;public List<CourseEntity> Courses{get { return courses; }set { SetProperty(ref courses, value); }}public AddEditScoreViewModel() {}#endregion#region Commandprivate DelegateCommand loadedCommand;public DelegateCommand LoadedCommand{get{if (loadedCommand == null){loadedCommand = new DelegateCommand(Loaded);}return loadedCommand;}}private void Loaded(){LoadStudents();LoadCourses();//如果有班长，则为班长赋值if (Score.StudentId > 0){this.Student = this.Students?.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Id == Score.StudentId);}if (Score.CourseId > 0) {this.Course = this.Courses?.FirstOrDefault(r=>r.Id == Score.CourseId);}}private DelegateCommand cancelCommand;public DelegateCommand CancelCommand{get{if (cancelCommand == null){cancelCommand = new DelegateCommand(Cancel);}return cancelCommand;}}private void Cancel(){RequestClose?.Invoke((new DialogResult(ButtonResult.Cancel)));}private DelegateCommand saveCommand;public DelegateCommand SaveCommand{get{if (saveCommand == null){saveCommand = new DelegateCommand(Save);}return saveCommand;}}private void Save(){if (Score != null){Score.CreateTime = DateTime.Now;Score.LastEditTime = DateTime.Now;if (Student != null){Score.StudentId = Student.Id;}if (Course != null) {Score.CourseId = Course.Id;}bool flag = false;if (Score.Id > 0){flag = ScoreHttpUtil.UpdateScore(Score);}else{flag = ScoreHttpUtil.AddScore(Score);}if (flag){RequestClose?.Invoke((new DialogResult(ButtonResult.OK)));}}}#endregion#region 函数/// <summary>/// 加载学生列表/// </summary>private void LoadStudents() {this.Students = new List<StudentEntity>();var pagedRequst = StudentHttpUtil.GetStudents(null, null, 1, -1);var entities = pagedRequst.items;Students.AddRange(entities);}/// <summary>/// 加载课程列表/// </summary>private void LoadCourses() {this.Courses = new List<CourseEntity>();var pagedRequst = CourseHttpUtil.GetCourses(null, null, 1, -1);var entities = pagedRequst.items;Courses.AddRange(entities);}#endregion}
}

注意：弹出窗口实现方法与其他模块通用，所以此处略去。

5. 成绩管理示例效果图

经过上述步骤后，成绩管理模块就开发完成，运行VS后，效果如下所示：

系统管理模块

1. 系统管理模块核心代码

系统管理模块，主要包含四个部分，用户管理，角色管理，菜单管理，个人信息。因篇幅有限，暂时仅列出主要内容：

从数据库读取用户所属的权限，代码如下所示：

public List<UserRight> GetUserRights(int? userId)
{if (userId != null){var query = from u in dataContext.UserRolesjoin r in dataContext.Roles on u.RoleId equals r.Idjoin x in dataContext.RoleMenus on r.Id equals x.RoleIdjoin m in dataContext.Menus on x.MenuId equals m.Idwhere u.UserId == userIdselect new UserRight { Id = m.Id, RoleName = r.Name, MenuName = m.Name, Url = m.Url,Icon=m.Icon, ParentId = m.ParentId, SortId = m.SortId };return query.ToList();}return null;
}

在客户端获取后，转换成导航菜单对象即可，如下所示：

public NavigationViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator)
{this.eventAggregator = eventAggregator;navItems = new List<HamburgerMenuItemBase>();var userRights = RoleHttpUtil.GetUserRights(UserInfo.Instance.Id);var parents = userRights.Where(x => x.ParentId == null).OrderBy(r=>r.SortId);foreach (var parent in parents) {navItems.Add(new HamburgerMenuHeaderItem() { Label = parent.MenuName });var subItems = userRights.Where(r=>r.ParentId==parent.Id).OrderBy(r=>r.SortId);foreach (var subItem in subItems) {navItems.Add(new HamburgerMenuGlyphItem() { Label = subItem.MenuName, Tag = subItem.Url, Glyph = subItem.Icon });}}UserInfo.Instance.Roles = String.Join(',', userRights.Select(r=>r.RoleName).Distinct().ToList());
}

2. 系统管理模块示例截图

关于系统管理模块示例截图如下所示：

个人信息，显示个人基础信息，如下所示：

用户管理，比其他列表多了一个授权按钮，主要用于为用户分配角色如下所示：

角色管理模块，比其他列表多了一个分配按钮，主要用于为分配角色对应的菜单如下所示：

菜单管理，菜单管理模块，主要用于管理菜单信息，与其他模块不同的是，需要配置图标，如下所示：

总结

通过本篇文章的成绩管理模块，系统管理模块，以及前两篇文章中的课程管理模块，班级管理模块，学生管理模块，不难发现，每一个模块的开发都是由列表DataGrid，文本框TextBox，下拉框Combox，单选按钮RadioButton，按钮Button等组成的，虽功能略有差异，但总归万变不离其宗。开发方法也大同小异，复杂的功能都是普通的功能累加起来的。这也是本系列文章由浅入深的渐进安排。希望能够抛砖引玉，不局限于某一功能，而是能够举一反三，自我理解，以达到自我开发的能力。

至此，整个WPF开发学生信息管理系统系列已完毕。

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