MATLAB基本操作

• 创建数组
• • 基于方括号创建
  • 冒号创建行向量
  • 函数创建
  • 基于数组的拼接
  • • 数组数据提取
    • 数组数据的相互赋值
    • end的使用用法：end再下标表达式当中表示最后一个下标值
• 相关运算
• • 算术运算符
  • 关系运算符
  • 逻辑运算符
• 数据类型
• • cell数据类型
  • IO操作
• 常用函数
• • sum
  • mean
  • max min
  • length size
  • sort
  • find
  • fix 取整函数
• 结构化编程
• • 分支结构
  • • if
  • switch
  • 循环结构
  • • for循环结构
    • while循环结构
  • 控制语句
  • • continue break
• 模块化编程
• • 脚本文件
  • 函数文件
  • • 主函数与子函数
    • 定义简单函数
    • • inline函数
  • 模块化设计

 x=[1 2 3 ] %行向量x=[1 3;4 5;7 8]%矩阵

 x=1:5x=1:2:9  %[1 3 5 7 9]x=10:-2:1  %[10 8 6 4 2]

x=linespace(0,10,5) %x=[0 2.5 5 7.5 10]

 x(i) %访问x第i个元素x(a:b:c) %相当于从第a个元素开始 到第c个元素，均匀的访问5个元素x(i,j) %访问第i行j列元素x(r,:) %获取第r行x(:,c) %获取第c列x(行下标集,列下标集) %获取对应子阵x(:) %将数组排成列向量

A(i,:)=B(k,:) %讲B的第k行赋值给A的第i行
A([1 2],:)=V %将矩阵V赋值给A的1 2 行
%用空矩阵复制可以起到删除的作用
A(i1:i2,:)=[];
A(:,j1:j2)=[];

A=rand(1,10)
A(end)%取第十个元素

%%创建一个cell
A=cell(m,n);%创建了m行n列的cell
%%提取数据采用大括号
A{i};
A{i,j};

>>a=cell(2,3)
a=[] [] [][] [] []
>>a[1,1]='abc' ; a[1,2]=rand(3);a(1,3)=cell(1,2);
>>a
a='abc' [3×3 double] [1×2 cell][]        []         []

g=input('please input your grade');%引号内为提示信息，输入信息赋值给g
%%input 可以有两个参数
g=input('what is your name','s');%'s'表示g是一个字符数组。其余参数可以使用help查询文档

>>a=[1 2 3 4 5 6 7];
>>idx=find(a>=3)
idx=3 4 5 6 7

 %一个分支if 逻辑表达式语句块end%两个及更多的分支if 逻辑表达式1语句块1elseif 逻辑表达式2语句块2elseif ···········else语句块end

switch switch_expr  %设定分支变量，对switch_expr进行分支讨论
case case_expr语句块1
case case_expr0语句块2
case {case_expr1,case_expr2,······}%使用花括号语句块3
otherwise，语句块4
end

%x是行向量
for i=1:length(x)%循环体
endfor i=x%循环体
end
%上述两个循环结构执行次数相同，但是i的赋值不一定相同

while 逻辑表达式循环语句块
end

 i=1;while i<=50disp(sprintf('interation %d',i))i=i+1;end

 for x=array语句块1if 逻辑表达式1，continue,end语句块2endfor x=array语句块1if 逻辑表达式1，break,end语句块2end

 ······myprog······

%函数第一行为 function [输出参数列表] = 函数名(输入参数列表)
%参数由逗号分隔
function[r1,r2,r3,r4] = MyFunc(a1,a2,a3,a4)%标明4个输入参数，3个输出参数
%函数文件名与定义的函数名一般情况下要一致，否则，调用文件名作为函数名
%函数名要有实际意义，避免与内部函数冲突，通过help检查是否为系统函数
%若无输入参数
function[r1,r2,r3,r4] = MyFunc
%若无输出参数
function MyFunc(a1,a2,a3,a4)
%既无输出也无输入
function MyFunc

f=inline('2*x.*x-+sin(exp(x))');
x = linspace(-10,10,100);
plot(x,f(x))

>>f=@(x)(x.^2)
f=@(x)(x.^2)
>> val=f(1:5)
val=1 4 9 16 25

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